Unit 8: Renaissance and

ReformationPolitics

Daily Questions:- How did authors during the Renaissance portray and explore interactions among people? Conflicts? Rulers?- Did 2Pac embody the political ideals of Machiavelli? How?- What does that teach us about the political climate of the Renaissance?

Warm-up REGENTS MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION #1

3. “Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep…time was when learning was only found in the religious orders…learning has passed to secular princes and peers.” This quotation best describes the

1. Renaissance2. Decline of Roman Empire3. Crusades4. Rise in Christianity

If you finish early, then do the extra questions for extra credit

Warm-up Reflection How did you arrive at your answer? What strategies did you use? Why did you choose the answer you did?

Remember to: LISTEN SUMMARIZE BUILD

VOCAB Philosophy – the study of knowledge, reality,

existence and morals (right and wrong) Political Science – hypothesizing and

theorizing about politics (government) Machiavelli – Italian political scientist and

war analyst The Prince – a book written by Machiavelli

instructing a leader on how to gain and maintain power

Niccolo Machiavelli Born May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy Middle class – humanistic education; studied business

mathematics; worked as a banker in Rome. Returned to Florence in 1494 to witness the banishment of the

Medici family and watched Girolamo Savonarola Political conflict to control Italy – between Florence, Milan,

Venice, Naples, papacy, France, Spain and Holy Roman Empire 1494: Charles VIII of France invaded Italy Machiavelli makes a plea for Italian Unity to protect the

peninsula from outsiders.

Niccolo Machiavelli 1498: Florence is a republic; Machiavelli is Head of the Second

Chancery and Secretary to the Council of Ten for War. 1500: Machiavelli was sent to France as a diplomat; met with

Pope Alexander and French King Louis XII and Cesare Borgia (duke of Romagna).

These men shaped Machiavelli’s ideas about leadership. Borgia was cunning, cruel, vicious and despised, which were

traits to unify Italy. Machiavelli helped to start and train Florentine civil militia to

reduce Italy’s dependence on mercenaries and was a diplomat.

Niccolo Machiavelli 1512: Medici regained control and Machiavelli was dismissed. 1513: Machiavelli wrongly accused being part of a conspiracy to restore the

republic, was jailed and tortured for 3weeks Left Florence for a writing career. Began Discourses on First Ten Books of

Titus Livius, which focuses on states controlled by politically active citizenry. Stopped to write The Prince in order to win the favor of Lorenzo de’ Medici

and re-enter politics, but Lorenzo ignored the book. The book was criticized as immoral, evil and wicked. Machiavelli wrote Discourses, The Prince, Art of War and Mandrake (a

comedic play). When Lorenzo died in 1519, Giulio Medici gave commission to write The

Florentine History and with small diplomatic jobs.

The Prince Machiavelli is most famous for The Prince

The Prince was written to give advice to new tyrants and others who wanted to gain and maintain power.

In it he discusses skill and luck (virtu).

Tupak Shakur Born in 1971 in New York, NY Son of a black panther activist, so he moved around a lot.

127th Street Ensemble (Harlem theater company) Attended Baltimore School of Arts where he began to perform as MC

New York. Late 80’s: moved to the west coast and joined the Oakland hip-

hop group Digital Underground. 1991: released his first solo album 2Pacalypse Now, then Strictly

for my N----- both platinum records. His rap was known for explicit and violent lyrics, but he was

known as a fun-loving, politically conscious ladies man.

Tupak Shakur 1994: he got accused in a sexual assault case. Then, shot five times in a recording studio mugging. After recovery, he was sentenced to 4 ½ years in jail 1995: while imprisoned, 2Pac read The Prince and the Art of War, and then he

began to call himself ‘Makavelli.’ wrote the album Me Against the World

Released after just 8 months because his label Death Row Records CEO Marion “Sage” Knight paid a bond of over a million as part of his parole.

Returned to music with All Eyez on Me and California Love with Dr. Dre. On a trip to Las Vegas on September 13, 1996, he was shot while driving in a

car with Knight and died from injuries. His murder remains a mystery because some claim he is still alive. Others think

Knight had something to do with it because Tupak intended to leave Death Row Records to form his own label called, Makavelli Records.

Primary Source Analysis: Comparing Machiavelli to

Makavelli Each table group will receive 2-3 quotes from The

Prince and 2-3 2Pac song lyrics Each student will fill out a chart to compare the

texts What is Machiavelli’s advice in The Prince? What does Makavelli (2Pac) say in his lyrics? How are these similar? How are these different? What does this tell you about WHY 2Pac may have

been inspired by Machiavelli? Each table will share out what they read in their

sources based on the notes on their charts

Journal Reflection 3 Answer THREE of the following questions:

1. What did Machiavelli write about interactions among people? 2. What did Machiavelli write about conflicts? 3. What did Machiavelli write about rulers? And the role of “the

prince” (or ruler)?4. Why would Machiavelli come up with these ideas during the

Renaissance (rather than the Middle Ages)?5. Why is it that the ideals were so lasting as to be followed by

people of modern day?

Homework: Write a rap based on Machiavelli’s ideals (PG-rated)

Collecting: #