unit 7—chapters 12 – 13 the cold war css 11.8, 11.9, 11.11
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 7—Chapters 12 – 13 The Cold War
CSS 11.8, 11.9, 11.11
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Part OneThe Cold War in America 11.8.5, 11.9.3, 11.9.4
EQ 1: How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?
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The Second Red Scare
• House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 1949• feared foreign agents were
working to subvert America • helped build career of Richard
M. Nixon of CA
• Alger Hiss (State Dept.) tried twice for espionage and imprisoned for perjury
• claimed he was innocent until he died in 1996
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The Second Red Scare
• Truman created a Loyalty Review Board in 1947
• loyalty oath and background check on people in anti-democratic groups that advocated violence• communist groups and unions• 3 million employees investigated—3,000
resigned/fired• in 1950, Congress gave Truman the
authority to detain “suspicious people”• Truman vetoed it• McCarran Internal Security Act, 1950
• Smith Act, 1940• illegal to advocate, teach, or support
violence in overthrowing the government• this meant communism and the Supreme
Court back it up
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The Second Red Scare
• Blacklisting• HUAC investigated
communism in Hollywood unions
• “Hollywood Ten” refused to testify and were banned from working
• over 300 directors/actors denied employment
• some turned in names of potential communists
• Ronald Reagan, Walt Disney, Elia Kazan (1999)
Charlie Chaplin Harry BelafonteLloyd Bridges Arthur MillerZero Mostel Orson Welles
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Hollywood Ten
• Alvah Bessie • Herbert J. Biberman • Lester Cole • Edward Dmytryk • Ring Lardner, Jr. • John Howard Lawson • Albert Maltz • Samuel Ornitz • Adrian Scott • Dalton Trumbo
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Big Brother is watching
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The Second Red Scare
• Joseph McCarthy• Wisconsin senator held up a
“list” of 250 employees of State Dept. who were communists
• it was a blank piece of paper• claimed that Truman was
doing little or nothing to stop it
• became one of the most powerful men in Washington
• set off 2nd red scare, until 1954 when McCarthy became unpopular
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The Second Red Scare
• Ethel and Julius Rosenberg• Americans feared espionage
led to rapid Soviet development of A-Bomb
• US developed A-Bomb in 1945 • Soviets get A-Bomb in 1949• US developed H-Bomb in 1952 • Soviets get H-Bomb in 1953
• executed Rosenbergs for espionage/treason
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The Second Red Scare
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1947• conducts secret
operations outside the US• assassination
attempts
• intelligence gathering (espionage)
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• Dot Game
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The Arms Race
• H-Bomb, 1952• the hydrogen bomb was
the first thermonuclear explosion• took place in the Marshall
Islands• 450 times Nagasaki• vaporized an entire island,
leaving behind a crater more than a mile wide
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The Arms Race
• Mutual Assured Destruction (M.A.D.)• deterrence was knowing
that if we tried to kill them we would also die
• “First strike capability” meant the ability to destroy the enemy before they could strike back
• “Second strike capability” meant the ability to strike back before being destroyed
“The Peacekeeper”
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• Nuke Websites
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The Arms Race
• Sputnik, 1957• first man-made
satellite• circled the globe
every 96 minutes for 92 days
• created “missile gap” because Soviets were ahead in arms race and space race
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The Arms Race
• National Defense Education Act• US emphasizes math
and science to close the “space gap”• October Sky
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The Arms Race
• National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 1958• the arms race became
the space race• initial American failures
made Americans fear we were falling behind the USSR
• JFK promised in 1961 to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s
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• Turtle Video
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EQ 1:
• How did fear of domestic communism affect American society during the Cold War?