Unit 7 ReviewWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

Absolute Rulers

All powerful Kings and Queens

Made all the Laws

Not subject to the law

Divine Right- right to rule from God

Absolute Rulers

Louis XIV- Controlled every aspect of life in France.

Peter the Great- Brought Western ideas to Russia. Moved the capital from Moscow to St. Petersburg

Phillip II- Spanish king who was ruler during the colonization of the Americas.

Charles I- Was king during the English Civil War. Fought a war with Parliament and lost.

Limited Monarchy

Began with the Magna Carta- checked the English king

Parliament began to take a major role in checking the king

After the English Civil War, the English Bill of Rights made the king get permission from Parliament for everything

Scientific Revolution

New way of thinking

Rejected traditional teachings of the Church

Used the scientific method to find the answers to questions

Scientific Revolution

Isaac Newton- Most influential thinker of the Scientific Revolution. Known for the Laws of Gravity

Galileo Galilei- Conducted tests on the motion of objects

Francis Bacon- Promoted the scientific method a systematic way of testing hypotheses through experimentation

Descartes- Father of Modern Philosophy

Enlightenment

Questioned the role of the Church

Rejected traditional teaching of the Church

Questioned the role of traditional institutions such as the Monarchy’s rule over the people- divine right

Natural Laws- men have certain rights that are given by God and can’t be taken away

Defined the relationship between the people and governments

Enlightenment Thinkers Rousseau- Government should express the general will

of the people

Locke- Men have natural rights that they are born with and can’t be taken away by rulers

Montesquieu- three branches of government, checks and balance

Voltaire- Religious tolerance and intellectual freedom

Adam Smith- Capitalism

William Blackstone- English common law, explained how power is shared by the king and parliament

Hobbes- Believed that man was not naturally good and needed the king to preserve order

American Revolution

Pre causes- Magna Carta, English Civil War, and English Bill of Rights, Enlightenment ideas- Natural Law

Taxes on everything, taxation without representation

Results- US Bill of Rights, Constitution, branches of government with checks and balances (Montesquieu)

Inspired the French Revolution and Latin American independence

French Revolution

Causes by the inequality of the Three Estates-the church, the nobility, and the people

Taxes were mostly paid by the 3rd Estate -people. The 1st and 2nd Estates asked them to pay more

Enlightenment ideas made the people unwilling to accept the divine right reasons that kings used to rule.

Inspired Latin America’s fight for independence from Spain

Reign of Terror

Robespierre was in control of the Committee of Public Safety that tried to gain back order for the new France.

He used violence to restore order and get rid of those that were against the New France.

Required all males to serve in the Army

Napoleon Introduced reforms more in line with the French

Revolution

Defeated France’s enemies quickly

Was seen a stabilizing factor by the people

Made himself Emperor in 1804

World impact- Weakened Spain that helped Latin America with their revolutions

Latin American Revolutions

Inspired by the American and French Revolutions

Enlightenment ideas

Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo lead the fight for independence

Took about 10 years to established total independence (1814-1824)