rulers of france

7/24/2019 Rulers of France

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I. Mladjov, Page 1/146

FRANCE

With the Frankish kings of the Merovingian dynasty increasingly dependent on their mayors of the palace,real power in the Frankish kingdoms passed to the family of the mayor CharlesMartel, the Carolingians. Ally ofthe pope against the Lombards, Ppin the Shortsecured papal approval and seized the throne in 751. His sonCharles the Great(Charlemagne) expanded the Frankish kingdom by annexing Saxony, Bavaria, Italy and parts

of Spain, and was crowned emperor by the pope at Rome in 800. The tripartite division of the Frankish empirebetween the sons of Louis the Piousin 840843 laid the foundation for the future French kingdom by assigningWestern Francia to Charles the Bald. Although he met with some success expanding his control to Lotharingia(Lorraine) and Italy, his heirs had to make do with Western Francia, thereby setting the foundations of France.

Weakened by a series of succession crises, ceding power and lands to the nobility and inability to stem the raidsfrom abroad, the Carolingians were gradually displaced by the Robertians (later Capetians). By the time theCapetians permanently established themselves on the throne with the accession of Hugues Capet in 987, theythemselves had lost a lot of their power and estates to their own vassals.

To monopolize the royal succession, Capetian kings associated their sons on the throne until the reign ofPhilippe II. By the reign of Louis VI the king felt confident enough to intervene in the affairs of his nominal

vassals, and several of his successors, most notably Louis VII, Philippe II, and Louis IX, enhanced royal status byparticipating in the Crusades. Philippe II successfully increased royal power and wealth by seizing many of theFrench fiefs of his opponent, king John of England. Efficient royal bureaucracy was further developed underLouis IX and then Philippe IV, who also called the first Estates General and defied the pope. The sonless deathsof Philippe IVs sons created a crisis, as the throne was contested between his Valois nephew Philippe VI and hisEnglish grandson Edward III. This was the origin of the Hundred Years War, which, in spite of the successes ofCharles V and Jeanne dArc, ended only in 1453. Louis XI endured a series of challenges by the feudal princes

with a combination of diplomacy and war, and asserted effective royal control over the kingdom, setting thestage for the later development of royal absolutism. His policies brought under royal control much of the

patrimony of the Valois House of Burgundy and the Valois House of Anjou. From this increasingly securefoundation, the next two kings, Charles VIII and Louis XII attempted to assert themselves as rulers in Italy (atNaples and Milan), ultimately without lasting success.

On the extinction of the direct line of Valois kings, the throne passed successively to the lines of Orlans andAngoulme, who capitalized on the centralization achieved by the last Valois, although Franois Is challenge tothe Holy Roman emperor Karl V was ultimately unsuccessful. A secular Renaissance culture flourished in this

period, particularly in the reigns of Louis XII and Franois I, whose building works include several of thechateaux along the Loire. The Protestant Reformation plunged France into a protracted period of religious warin the middle and second half of the 16th century. This ended when the Protestant Henri IV of Bourbon-Vendme (Navarre) converted to Catholicism to be accepted as king in 1589, succeeding the extinct House ofValois-Angoulme. Under Louis XIII and Louis XIV able royal ministers (Richelieu and Mazarin) crushed anyremaining religious and princely opposition, establishing royal absolutism. Louis XIV embarked upon anambitious program of territorial and dynastic expansion at the expense of his Habsburg neighbors in the LowCountries and in Spain, which now passed into Bourbon hands. Simultaneously, the Bourbon kings andcontemporary nobles served as the patrons of culture, science, and the arts. The first French revolutioneventually toppled the Bourbon monarchy, only to necessitate its replacement by Napolon I Bonaparte asemperor of the French. Although his domination of Europe was relatively brief, it led to lasting change in aspectsof French and European society, including the adoption of civil laws based on the Napoleonic Code. Followinga Bourbon restoration (and the assumption of the throne by a moderate junior branch, the Bourbon-Orlans), a

second republic mutated into a second empire under Napolon III. Captured in battle against the Prussians in1870, Napolon III was deposed during his captivity and France has remained a republic ever since.

The royal title was king of the Franks (rex Francorum), later changed to king of France from the reign ofLouis IX. In 12851328 and 15891791 the monarchs title was king of France and Navarre, in 17911792and 18301848 king of the French, in 18041815 and 18521870 emperor of the French, and in 18151830 king of France. The list below commences with the establishment of the Carolingian dynasty. Namesare presented in standard French forms, with standard German forms supplied in parentheses for the monarchsdown to the end of the Carolingian dynasty in 987.


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Kings of the West Franks, then of FranceCarolingian House

751768 Ppin (Pippin),the Short son of CharlesMartel; king of the Franks768814 Charles I (Karl), the Great (Charlemagne) 1 son of Ppin; Italy 774781; emperor 800

& 768771 Carloman I (Karlmann) son of Ppin+ Charles (Karl), the Younger son of Charles I; associated 790811

814833 Louis I (Ludwig), the Pious son of Charles I; Aquitaine 781817; Italy 817820;emperor 813; deposed

833834 Lothaire I (Lothar) son of Louis I; emperor 817; Italy 820839; deposed834840 Louis I (Ludwig), the Pious restored840843 Lothaire I (Lothar) restored; deposed; Middle Francia 843855843877 Charles II (Karl), the Bald son of Louis I; Aquitaine 832834 and 838845; Italy 875877;

emperor 875877879 Louis II (Ludwig), the Stammerer son of Charles II; Aquitaine 866879879882 Louis III (Ludwig), the Younger son of Louis II; in Neustria

& 879884 Carloman II (Karlmann) son of Louis II; in Aquitaine884887 (to the emperor Karl III, the Fat, king of Germany and Italy, died 888)

Robertian House888898 Eudes (Odo) son of marquis Robert the Strongof Neustria

Carolingian House898922 Charles III (Karl), the Simple posthumous son of Louis II; rival since 893; deposed, died 929

Robertian House922923 Robert I (Robert) brother of Eudes

Bosonid House923936 Raoul (Rudolf) husband of Emma, daughter of Robert I; son of duke Richard of Autun

Carolingian House936954 Louis IV (Ludwig), of Overseas son of Charles III954986 Lothaire II(Lothar) son of Louis IV; associated 952986987 Louis V (Ludwig), the Sluggard son of Lothaire II; associated 979

Capetian House987996 Hugues, Capet son of duke Hugues the Greatof the Franks, son of Robert I

9961031 Robert II, the Pious son of Hugues; associated 987+ Hugues son of Robert II; associated 10171025

10311060 Henri I son of Robert II; associated 102710601108 Philippe I son of Henri I; associated 105911081137 Louis VI, the Fat son of Philippe I; associated 1098

+ Philippe son of Louis VI; associated 1129113111371180 Louis VII, the Younger son of Louis VI; associated 113111801223 Philippe II,Auguste son of Louis VII; associated 117912231226 Louis VIII, the Lion son of Philippe II

12261270 Louis IX (Saint Louis) 2 son of Louis VIII312701285 Philippe III, the Bold son of Louis IX12851314 Philippe IV, the Fair son of Philippe III; Navarre 1284130513141316 Louis X, the Stubborn son of Philippe IV; Navarre 13051316

1Canonized as saint 1165.2Canonized as saint 1297.3In Mamlk captivity 1250.


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1316 Jean I, the Posthumous posthumous son of Louis X; also Navarre13161322 Philippe V, the Tall son of Philippe IV; also Navarre13221328 Charles IV, the Fair son of Philippe IV; also Navarre

Capetian House of Valois13281350 Philippe VI son of count Charles I of Valois, son of Philippe III

douard son of king Edward II of England by Isabelle, daughter of Philippe IV; rivalking 13401360; England 13271377

13501364 Jean II, the Good son of Philippe VI413641380 Charles V, the Wise son of Jean II13801422 Charles VI, the Mad son of Charles V14221461 Charles VII, the Victorious son of Charles VI

Henri son of king Henry V of England by Catherine, daughter of Charles VI; rivalking 14221453; England 14221461 and 14701471; expelled, died 1471

14611483 Louis XI, the Prudent son of Charles VII14831498 Charles VIII, the Affable son of Louis XI

Capetian House of Valois-Orlans14981515 Louis XII son of duke Charles I of Orlans, son of duke Louis I, son of Charles V; Naples

15011504Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme

15151547 Franois I son of count Charles III of Angoulme, son of count Jean, son of duke Louis Iof Orlans, son of Charles V5

15471559 Henri II, the Bellicose son of Franois I15591560 Franois II son of Henri II; Scotland 1558156015601574 Charles IX son of Henri II15741589 Henri III son of Henri II; Poland 15731575

Capetian House of Bourbon15891610 Henri IV, the Great son of king Antonio of Navarre, son of duke Charles of Vendme,

son of count Franois, son of count Jean II, son of count Louis, son of count Jean I, sonof count Jacques I of La Marche, son of duke Louis I of Bourbon, son of count Robert

of Clermont, son of Louis IX; Navarre 1572161016101643 Louis XIII, the Just son of Henri IV; Navarre 16101620616431715 Louis XIV, the Great son of Louis XIII17151774 Louis XV son of Louis, son of Louis, son of Louis XIV17741792 Louis XVI son of Louis, son of Louis XV; deposed, died 179317921804 (1strepublic)

Louis XVII son of Louis XVI; legitimist claimant 17931795

Emperors of the French (1stEmpire)House of Bonaparte

18041814 Napolon I son of Carlo Buonaparte; first consul 1799; emperor 1804; deposed

Kings of FranceCapetian House of Bourbon

18141815 Louis XVIII brother of Louis XVI; legitimist claimant since 1795; deposed

4In English captivity 13561360 and from 1364.5In Imperial captivity 15251526.6The kingdom of Navarre was integrated into the French royal domain in 1620, although the title king ofNavarre was retained by the kings of France until 1791.


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Emperors of the French (1stEmpire)House of Bonaparte

1815 Napolon I restored; abdicated, died 18211815 Napolon II son of Napolon I; deposed, died 1832

Kings of France, then of the FrenchCapetian House of Bourbon

18151824 Louis XVIII restored18241830 Charles X brother of Louis XVIII; abdicated, died 1836

1830 Louis XIX son of Charles X; abdicated, died 18441830 Henri V son of Charles-Ferdinand, son of Charles X; deposed, died 1883

Capetian House of Bourbon-Orlans18301848 Louis-Philippe I son of duke Louis-Philippe II of Orlans, son of duke Louis-Philippe I,

son of duke Louis, son of duke Philippe II, son of duke Philippe I, son of Louis XIII;abdicated, died 1850

1848 Louis-Philippe II son of Ferdinand-Philippe, son of Louis-Philippe I; deposed, died 189418481852 (2ndrepublic)

Emperors of the French (2ndEmpire)House of Bonaparte

18521870 Napolon III son of king Lodewijk I of Holland, brother of Napolon I; president of therepublic since 1848; emperor 1852; deposed, died 18737

(3rdrepublic 1870)

As part of the Carolingian Empire, the West Frankish Kingdom (future France) was greatly affected by thefeudal transformation of the 9th11th centuries. The list continues with a selection of French secular feudal

principalities, including most of those that attained the rank of peerage by the end of the 16thcentury and thosethat provided monarchs in France or other countries. Although the first Capetian kings controlled directly less

territory than many of their theoretical vassals, with the reign of Philippe II the French king became the largestfeudal lord in the kingdom. Gradually the tendency of bringing feudal principalities into the royal domaincontinued, and by the 16thcentury the vast majority of the kingdom was under direct royal control. Many ofthe territories absorbed by the French royal domain were granted out as apanages to members of the royal family(with the proviso that they revert to the royal domain on the extinction of the direct male line). It should benoted that by the end of the Middle Ages many members of the nobility were given courtesy titles (often frombirth) that did not carry with them actual authority over the referenced territory: for example, Louis XIIIs sonPhilippe, titled duke of Anjou from birth, but actually duke of Orlans, Valois, and Chartres (16601701), ofNemours (16721701), and of Montpensier (16931701). The courtesy titles are not reflected in the lists offeudal lords. The lists end in 1789, when apanages and feudal privileges were abolished in France. Actual use oftitles continued, and additional titles of nobility were created by the Bonaparte emperors in the 19thcentury.

ALBON (see Viennois under the KINGDOM OF BURGUNDY)

ALBRET

The lords of Albret (Labrit) were vassals of the dukes of Gascony, and claimed descent from a Carolingian-period count of Bigorre. The chronology and genealogy of the earliest lords is uncertain down to the mid-12thcentury. Profitable marriages led to the acquisition of the county of Prigord and the viscounty of Limoges,

7In German captivity 18701871.


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while that of Jean of Albret to queen Catalina of Navarre in 1484 elevated the house to royal rank. In 1550Henri I of Albret, already king of Navarre, was promoted to duke of Albret. Through another marriage the newduchy was acquired by the House of Bourbon-Vendme, which inherited the French throne in the person ofHenri IV in 1589. In 1607 the king merged his feudal possessions with the royal domain. In 1651 the duchy ofAlbret was conferred on Frdric-Maurice de La Tour-dAuvergne in exchange for his principality of Sedan. Hisdescendants held the duchy until its abolition in 1789. The numbering of lords named Amanieu VI-VIII has

been corrected in light of the newly discovered distinction between Amanieu V and Amanieu VI.

Lords and dukes of Albret; peers 1556House of Albret

:c.1050: Amanieu II son of (?) Bernard:c.1097: Bernard-Ezy I son of Amanieu II:c.1125: Amanieu III son of Amanieu II

:1140:1155 Bernard-Ezy II son of Amanieu III:11551187: Amanieu IV son of Bernard-Ezy II:11911209: Amanieu V son of Amanieu IV:12101231: Amanieu VI8 son of Amanieu V:12401270: Amanieu VII son of Amanieu VI1270:1280 Bernard-Ezy III son of Amanieu VI

1280c.1283 Mathe daughter of Bernard-Ezy IIIc.12831294 Isabelle daughter of Bernard-Ezy III

& c.12901294 Bernard of Armagnac married Isabelle; son of count Graud VI of Armagnac; died 131912941324: Amanieu VIII son of Amanieu VII:13261358: Bernard-Ezy IV son of Amanieu VIII:13591401 Arnaud-Amanieu son of Bernard-Ezy IV14011415 Charles I son of Arnaud-Amanieu14151471 Charles II son of Charles I14711522 Alain,the Great son of viscount Jean of Tartas, son of Charles II15221555 Henri I son of king Juan III of Navarre, son of Alain; duke 1550; Navarre 15211555

15551572 Jeanne daughter of Henri; also Navarre& 15551562 Antoine of Bourbon husband of Jeanne; son of duke Charles of Vendme; also Navarre

Capetian House of Bourbon-Vendme15721607 Henri II, the Great son of Antoine and Jeanne; Navarre 15721610; France 1589161016071651 (to France)

House of La Tour-dAuvergne16511652 Frdric-Maurice son of prince Henri of Sedan16521721 Godefroy-Maurice son of Frdric-Maurice17211730 Emmanuel-Thodose son of Godefroy-Maurice17301771 Charles-Godefroy son of Emmanuel-Thodose17711789 Godefroy-Charles-Henri son of Charles-Godefroy; deposed, died 1792

(to France 1789)

ALBI (see Carcassonne)

8In older lists Amanieu V and Amanieu VI are mistaken for the same person, affecting the numbering ofsucceeding lords named Amanieu.


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ALENON

The lordship of Alenon was a vassal of its northern neighbor, the duke of Normandy, held in succession bythe Houses of Bellme and Montgommery. With the conquest of Normandy by the French king and theextinction of the House of Montgommery in 1219, the territory was annexed to the French royal domain. In1268 Pierre, a son of king Louis IX, was created count of Alenon and Perche. Shortly after his death in 1284

the county, which had returned to the royal domain, was granted out to Charles I of Valois, a son of kingPhilippe III, in 1291. It remained under the control of a younger line of the Capetian House of Valois, andbecame a duchy in 1414. On the extinction of the male line in 1525, the duchy was assigned on severaloccasions as an apanage to members of the royal houses of Valois-Angoulme and Bourbon.

Lords and counts of AlenonHouse of Bellme

c.10051027: Guillaume I son of Yves of Bellme:1033c.1035 Robert I son of Guillaume Ic.10351048 Guillaume II, Talvas son of Guillaume I; deposed, died 1052

1048 Arnoul son of Guillaume II10481070 Yves son of Guillaume I; bishop of Ses

10701079 Mabile daughter of Guillaume II& 10701079 Roger of Montgommery husband of Mabile; son of Roger I of Montgommery; died 1094

House of Montgommery10791112 Robert II, the Devil son of Roger and Mabile; deposed, died 1118?11121171 Guillaume III, Talvas son of Robert II; count of Alenon11711191 Jean I son of Guillaume III

1191 Jean II son of Jean I11911217 Robert III son of Jean I12171219 Robert IV posthumous son of Robert III12191268 (to the France)

Capetian counts and dukes of Alenon; peers 1404Capetian House of France

12681284 Pierre I son of king Louis IX of France12841291 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois12911325 Charles I, of Valois son of king Philippe III of France, brother of Pierre I; Latin emperor

1301130713251346 Charles II, the Magnanimous son of Charles I13461361 Charles III son of Charles II; abdicated, archbishop of Lyon 1365137513611367 Philippe son of Charles II; abdicated; archbishop of Rouen 13621375; cardinal, died 139713671404 Pierre II, the Noble son of Charles II14041415 Jean I,the Wise son of Pierre II; duke 141414151473 Jean II son of Jean I; deposed914581461 (to France)14611473 Jean II restored; deposed, died 147614731478 (to France)14781492 Ren son of Jean II10

9In exile during English occupation 14241449.10Imprisoned 14821483.


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14921525 Charles IV son of RenCapetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)

15251549 Marguerite widow of Charles IV; daughter of count Jean of Angoulme& 15261549 Henri of Albret married Marguerite; son of king Juan III of Navarre; Navarre 15211551

15491559 (to France)House of Medici

15591566 Catherine wife of king Henri II of France, son of king Franois I, brother of Marguerite;daughter of Lorenzo II de Medici; replaced, died 1589

Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)15661584 Franois-Hercule (duc dAlenon) son of Catherine by king Henri II of France15841710 (to France)

Capetian House of Bourbon (France)17101714 Charles V (duc de Berry) son of Louis, son of king Louis XIV of France17141775 (to France)17751789 Louis-Stanislas-Xavier (comte de Provence) son of Louis, son of king Louis XV of France;

France 18141815, 18151824(to France 1789)

AMBOISE

The lordship of Amboise in Touraine was a vassal first of the counts of Blois, then of the counts of Anjou.The lords quickly built up a position of power, participated in the Crusades, and supported the king of Franceagainst their English rivals. In 1397 the lord of Amboise inherited the viscounty of Thouars, but in 1431 hissuccessor was dispossessed by the king for treason. Although the family recovered some of its holdings and otherlines continued to serve the king, the lordship of Amboise remained united with the royal domain. The castle ofAmboise subsequently became one of the preferred royal holdings and residences on the Loire in the 15thandearly 16thcenturies.

Lords of Amboise

House of Amboisec.1060c.1081 Sulpice I son of Lisois of Bazoges, son of Huguesc.10811129: Hugues I son of Sulpice I

:11301153 Sulpice II son of Hugues I11531190: Hugues II son of Sulpice II:11941218 Sulpice III son of Hugues II

1218c.1228 Hugues III son of Sulpice IIIc.12281256 Mahaut daughter of Sulpice III11

12561274 Jean I son of Hugues, son of Hugues II1274c.1303 Jean II son of Jean Ic.1303:1322 Pierre I son of Jean II:1322:1373 Ingelger, the Great son of Pierre I:13731424: Pierre II son of Ingelger:14251431 Louis son of Ingelger of Rochecorbon, son of Ingelger; deposed, died 1469

(to France 1431)

11Mahauts two husbands, viscount Richard of Beaumont-sur-Sarthre and count Jean II of Soissons, are notusually reckoned among the lords of Amboise, but in principle would qualify as lords by right of their wife, in12281242 and 1242:1256, respectively.


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AMIENS

The counts of Valois and Vexin also governed the county of Amiens (Aminois) in Picardy as vassals of thelocal bishop. Subsequently Amiens passed to the houses of Coucy, Clermont, Vermandois, and Flanders. In1185 the county was annexed to the royal domain, where it remained until ceded to the duke of Burgundy in1435. Under Louis XI, Amiens returned under direct royal control in 1477.

Counts of AmiensHouse of Laon?

910926 Raoul I son of (?) count Gautier of Laon926941 Raoul II son of Raoul I; deposed, died 943

House of Vermandois941944 Otton son of count Herbert II of Vermandois; deposed, died 946:

House of Montreuil944945 Herluin son of count Helgaud of Montreuil

House of Laon?945992: Gautier I son of (?) Raoul I

:9981017: Gautier II, the White son of Gautier I:10241035 Dreux son of Gautier II10351063 Gautier III son of Dreux1210631074 Raoul III, of Crpy son of count Raoul III of Valois, son of Gautier II10741077 Simon son of Raoul III; abdicated, died 108110771085 Guy son of (?) Raoul III13

& 10771085 Yves brother of (?) GuyHouse of Boves (Coucy)

10851116 Enguerrand son of Dreux of Boves11161118 Thomas, of Marle son of Enguerrand; deposed, died 1130

House of Vermandois1118 Adlade daughter of count Herbert IV of Vermandois by Adle, daughter of Raoul III;

abdicated, died 1122& 1118 Renaud of Clermont husband of Adlade; son of count Hugues of Clermont; died 1157:

House of Clermont-en-Beauvaisis11181145: Marguerite daughter of Renaud and Adlade

& 11181127 Charles, the Good, of Denmark husband of Marguerite; son of king Knud IV of Denmark& c.11281145: Hugues of Saint-Pol married Marguerite; son of count Hugues II of Saint-Pol

House of Boves (Coucy):11461151 Robert son of Thomas; husband of Batrix, daughter of Hugues and Marguerite; deposed,

died 1191Capetian House of Vermandois

11511152 Raoul IV, the Valiant son of count Hugues of Vermandois by Adlade11521156 Raoul V,the Leper son of Raoul IV; abdicated, died 117611561183 lisabeth14 daughter of Raoul IV15

12In Norman captivity from 1063.13The comital succession in Amiens between 1077 and 1085 is not certain; another hypothesis attributesauthority to the bishop of Amiens, Guy.14Also named Mabile.15Whether lisabeth and Philippe entered into possession of Amiens at their marriage in 1156 or at theabdication of Raoul V in 1167 is uncertain, but the former possibility seems more likely.


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House of Alsace (Flanders)& 11561185 Philippe husband of lisabeth; son of count Diederik of Flanders; deposed, died 1191

(to France 1185; to Burgundy 1435; to France 1477)

ANGOULME

The county of Angoulme (Angoumois) was originally a fief of the duchy of Aquitaine. In the late 9thandearly 10thcentury the House of Flavigny ruled the three adjacent counties of Angoulme, Prigord, and Agen atthe same time, sometimes divided among different family members. In the 11thcentury the counts adopted thename Taillefer (Iron-cutter), based on the nickname of their ancestor, Guillaume I. It passed by marriage tothe Lusignans, who became extinct in the male line in 1308, leading to a personal union with the county of LaMarche. Isabelle and Jeanne, sisters and heiresses of the last Lusignan count, sold the county to the French kingPhilippe IV. Thereafter Angoulme was granted out as an apanage on several occasions to members of theCapetian family, most notably a branch of the House of Valois-Orlans. In 1515 the count of Angoulmebecame French king as Franois I. The Angoulme, now promoted to duchy was afterwards granted out as anapanage again to several members of the house of Valois-Angoulme and of Bourbon, including females andlegitimated royal issue. The last apanage holder lost his duchy in 1789 but later become king as Charles X.

Counts of AngoulmeHouse of Flavigny

866886 Vulgrin I son of count Vulfard of Flavigny; count of Prigord, Angoulme, and Agen886916 Audouin I son of Vulgrin I

916c.945 Guillaume I, Taillefer son of Audouin Ic.945c.950 Bernard son of count Guillaume I of Prigord, son of Vulgrin I

c.950962 Guillaume II, Talleyrand son of Bernard962975 Ramnulf,Bompar son of Bernard

975 Richard, the Foolish son of Bernard; deposed, died 992?975988 Arnaud,Manzer bastard son of Guillaume I; abdicated, died 989:91

9881028 Guillaume III, Taillefer son of Arnaud

10281032 Audouin II son of Guillaume III10321048 Geoffroy son of Guillaume III10481087 Foulques son of Geoffroy10871120 Guillaume IV son of Foulques11201140 Vulgrin II son of Guillaume IV11401179 Guillaume V son of Vulgrin II11791181 Vulgrin III son of Guillaume V

1181c.1186 Guillaume VI son of Guillaume Vc.11861202 Aymar son of Guillaume V

12021246 Isabelle daughter of Aymar& 12201246 Hugues I of Lusignan husband of Isabelle; son of Hugues IX of Lusignan by Mathilde,

daughter of Vulgrin III; died 1249House of Lusignan

12461250 Hugues II son of Hugues I12501270 Hugues III son of Hugues II12701303 Hugues IV son of Hugues III13031308 Guy son of Hugues III13081309 Isabelle daughter of Hugues III; sold county, died 1309:

& 13081309 Jeanne daughter of Hugues III; sold county, died 132313091317 (to France)


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Capetian counts and dukes of Angoulme; peers 1317Capetian House of vreux

13171343 Philippe, the Good son of count Louis of vreux; Navarre 1328134313431351 Charles I, the Bad son of Philippe; deposed; Navarre 1349138716

House of la Cerda (Castile)13511354 Charles II son of Alfonso de la Cerda, son of Fernando de la Cerda by Blanche, daughter

of king Louis IX of France13541394 (to France 1354; to Aquitaine 1360, to France 1372)

Capetian House of Valois (Orlans)13941407 Louis, of Orlans son of king Charles V of France14071467 Jean son of Louis14671496 Charles III son of Jean14961515 Franois son of Charles III; France 15151547

House of Savoy15151531 Louise of Savoy mother of Franois; daughter of duke Philippe II of Savoy; duchess15311540 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)

15401545 Charles IV (duc dOrlans) son of Franois15821619 Diane legitimated daughter of king Henri II of France, son of Franois16191650 Charles V legitimated son of king Charles IX of France, son of king Henri II16501683 Louis-Emmanuel son of Charles V16831696 Marie-Franoise daughter of Louis-Emmanuel16961710 (to France)

Capetian House of Bourbon (France)17101714 Charles VI (duc de Berry) son of Louis, son of king Louis XIV of France17141773 (to France)17731789 Charles-Philippe (comte dArtois) son of Louis, son of king Louis XV of France; France

18241830; died 1836(to France 1789)

ANJOU

What later became the county of Anjou (centered on the city of Angers) on the Lower Loire served as abastion against Breton and Viking raids in the 9thcentury, and had been entrusted to Robert the Strong, anancestor of the Capetian dynasty. Foulques I the Red, viscount of Angers, became count of Anjou by 929, thetitle becoming hereditary for his descendants. The county expanded in the 11thcentury, acquiring, among otherholdings, Touraine (the area of Tours) to the east. On the extinction of the comital line in 1060, the county

was inherited by the House of Gtinais, which continued the expansionist policy of its predecessors, withFoulques V taking over the county of Maine to the north in 1109. Profitable marriage alliances brought thecounts of Anjou to royal thrones in the 12thcentury: Foulques V became king of Jerusalem, while his grandsonHenri I became king of England. Dispossessing and defeating king John of England, Philippe II of France added

Anjou to the royal domain in 1204. In 1246 the county (together with Maine) was granted out as an apanage toCharles, brother of king Louis IX, who went on to become count of Provence. Charles of Anjou and hisdescendants used war, purchase, and dynastic marriages to acquire widespread possessions, including the thronesof Sicily/Naples, Hungary, Poland, and the remnants of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, as well as a claimto the kingdom of Jerusalem in Outremer. Charles II ceded the county to his son-in-law Charles of Valois in1290, whose son and heir Philippe reunited Anjou with the royal domain upon becoming French king in 1328.His grandson Louis I, promoted to duke of Anjou in 1360, founded the Valois House of Anjou, which became

16In French captivity 13561357.


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extinct in the male line in 1481, and its possessions reverted to the royal domain. The duchy was granted toFranois Is mother Louise of Savoy, and then to younger sons of the French king in the 16thcentury.

Counts and dukes of Anjou; peers 1297House of Angers

880886: Ingelger son of Tertulle; viscount of Angers and Orlans

:898c.942 Foulques I, the Red son of Ingelger; count of Anjou by 929c.942958 Foulques II, the Good son of Foulques I

958987 Geoffroy I, Greycloak son of Foulques II9871040 Foulques III,Nerra son of Geoffroy I

10401060 Geoffroy II,Martel son of Foulques IIIHouse of Gtinais

10601067 Geoffroy III, the Bearded son of count Geoffroy II Ferrol of Gtinais by Ermengarde,daughter of Foulques III; deposed, died 1097

10671109 Foulques IV, the Surly brother of Geoffroy III+ Geoffroy IV,Martel son of Foulques IV; associated 10981106

11091129 Foulques V, the Younger son of Foulques IV; abdicated; Jerusalem 11311143

11291151 Geoffroy V, the Fair son of Foulques V11511189 Henri I (Henry II), Curtmantle son of Geoffroy V; England 11541189

+ Geoffroy VI son of Geoffroy V; associated 11561158+ Henri II, the Younger son of Henri I; associated 11721183

11891199 Richard (Richard I),Lionheart son of Henri I; also England1711991204 Jean I (John),Lackland son of Henri I; deposed; England 1199121612041246 (to France)

Capetian House of Anjou12461285 Charles I,of Anjou son of king Louis VIII of France; Naples 126612851812851290 Charles II,the Lame son of Charles I; abdicated; Naples 1285130919

Capetian House of Valois12901314 Charles III, of Valois married Marguerite, daughter of Charles II; son of king Philippe III of

France, son of king Louis IX, brother of Charles I; Latin emperor 13011307; died 132513141328 Philippe son of Charles III; France 1328135013281332 (to France)13321350 Jean II, the Good son of Philippe; France 1350136413501351 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois-Anjou13511384 Louis I son of Jean II; duke 136013841417 Louis II son of Louis I14171434 Louis III son of Louis II14341480 Ren, the Good son of Louis II; king of Naples 14352014801481 Charles IV son of count Charles IV of Maine, son of Louis II

14811515 (to France)House of Savoy

15151531 Louise daughter of duke Philippe II of Savoy

17In German captivity 11921194.18Charles Is older brother Jean had been intended to become apanage count of Anjou upon reaching hismajority, but died before doing so in 1232.19In Aragonese captivity until 1288.20In Burgundian captivity 14351437; French occupation of Anjou 14741476.


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15311566 (to France)Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)

15661574 Henri-douard-Alexandre (duc dOrlans) son of king Henri II of France, son of king Franois I,son of Louise by count Charles III of Angoulme; Poland 15731575; France 15741589

15741576 (to France)15761584 Franois-Hercule (duc dAlenon) brother of Henri-douard-Alexandre

(to France 1584)

AQUITAINE / GUYENNE

The southwestern portion of Gaul was known as Aquitania since Roman times. In 418, after having beenoverrun by various Germanic tribes that moved on to Spain, much of Aquitaine was turned over the Visigoths,settled at Toulouse as Roman federates. After the Frankish victory over the Visigoths at Vouill in 507 theregion was gradually taken over by the Franks by the 530s. At least one Merovingian kings of the Franks,Charibert II, was specifically king of Aquitaine (629632), but after his death even the political history of theregion is unclear. By the early 8thcentury Aquitaine was ruled by an autonomous duke, Eudes, but he foundhimself forced to seek the aid of Charles Martel, the Frankish mayor of the palace, to repel the Muslim invasionof Gaul in 732. Eudes successors attempted to reassert their autonomy, but the ducal dynasty was ousted in

769. The Carolingian kings of the Franks turned Aquitaine into a sub-kingdom entrusted to junior members ofthe ruling king of the Franks. Thus Charles I (Charlemagne) installed his son Louis I the Pious as king ofAquitaine in 781 and later Louis installed his son Ppin in 817. The civil wars between Louiss sons destabilizedroyal succession, especially in Aquitaine, but the kingdom was fully integrated into that of the West Franks(France) by the 880s.

Although there were no further effective kings of Aquitaine, royal power was in decline and real authoritydevolved to the local nobility. The counts of Poitou practically monopolized power in the region as dukes ofAquitaine, although they were twice dislodged by their ambitious neighbors, the counts of Auvergne (in 893928) and of Toulouse (in 935942). Dynastic marriages brought Gascony further south into the hands of thedukes of Aquitaine first in 1038 and again, definitively, in 1052, so that by the early 12thcentury the duke ofAquitaine governed the entire southwestern quarter of the kingdom of France. In 1064 duke Guillaume VIIIaided the Spanish Christians in recapturing Barbastro from the Muslims. Duke Guillaume IX not only aided

the Reconquista in Spain, but also participated in the follow-up to the First Crusade in 1101; his son Raymondbecame prince of Antioch in 1136.When Guillaume Xs daughter Alinor became duchess in 1137, her hand and duchy were claimed by her

feudal overlord, Louis VII of France. On their divorce in 1152 (because Alinor had not given birth to sons),the duchess promptly remarried, to Henry II, who became king of England in 1154. For the next three centuriesthe dukes of Aquitaine were simultaneously either the kings of England or the heirs to its throne. Althoughother English holdings in France (including the county of Poitou) were lost in the early 13 th century, thesouthwestern section of Aquitaine (increasingly called Guyenne, centered on Bordeaux, and largelycorresponding to Gascony) remained under the control of the English kings until 1453, when it was finallyconquered by the French. After the brief reign of Charles, the younger brother of Louis XI of France, the duchyceased to exist as a separate administrative unit.

Dukes of Aquitaine; peers

House of AquitaineBoggis duke of Aquitaine

:715735 Eudes son of Boggis735742 Hunold I son of Eudes; abdicated742768 Wafre son of Hunold I768769 Hunold II son of (?) Wafre; deposed, died 77421

21It is often suggested that Hunold I and Hunold II are the same person, restored to power.


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Kings of AquitaineCarolingian House

769781 Charles I (Karl), the Great (Charlemagne) 22 son of king Ppin of the Franks; Franks 768814;Italy 774781; emperor 800814

781817 Louis I (Ludwig), the Pious son of Charles I; emperor 813; Franks 814833 and 834840;Italy 818820

817832 Ppin I (Pippin) son of Louis I; deposed832834 Charles II (Karl), the Bald son of Louis I; deposed; France 843877; Italy 875877;

emperor 875834838 Ppin I (Pippin) restored838845 Charles II (Karl), the Bald restored; abdicated845848 Ppin II (Pippin), the Younger son of Ppin I; deposed848854 (to France)854855 Ppin II (Pippin), the Younger restored; deposed, died 864:855863 Charles III (Karl), the Child son of Charles II; deposed863865 (to France)865866 Charles III (Karl), the Child restored

866879 Louis II (Ludwig), the Stammerer son of Charles II; France 877879879884 Carloman (Karlmann) son of Louis II; also France

(royal title merged with that of France 884)

Dukes of Aquitaine; peersHouse of Poitiers

841866 Ramnulf I son of count Gerard of Auvergne by Rotrude, daughter of king Louis I866890 Ramnulf II son of Ramnulf I; duke of Aquitaine890893 Ebles,Manzer bastard son of Ramnulf II; deposed

House of Auvergne893918 Guillaume I, the Pious son of count Bernard II of Auvergne

House of Razs918926 Guillaume II, the Younger son of count Acfred I of Razs by Adelinde, sister of Guillaume I926928 Acfred brother of Guillaume II

House of Poitiers928935 Ebles,Manzer restored

House of Toulouse935942 Raymond-Pons son of count Raymond II of Toulouse

House of Poitiers942963 Guillaume III, Towhead son of Ebles963993 Guillaume IV,Proudarm son of Guillaume III; abdicated, died 996

9931030 Guillaume V, the Great son of Guillaume IV10301038 Guillaume VI, the Fat son of Guillaume V

10381039 Eudes son of Guillaume V10391058 Guillaume VII,23the Brave son of Guillaume V10581086 Guillaume VIII,24the Venerable son of Guillaume V10861126 Guillaume IX, the Younger son of Guillaume VIII11261137 Guillaume X, the Paladin son of Guillaume IX

22Canonized as saint 1165.23Originally named Pierre.24Originally named Guy, called Guy-Geoffroy.


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11371167 Alinor daughter of Guillaume X; abdicated, died 1204& 11371152 Louis of France married Alinor; son of king Louis VI of France; divorced; France 11371180& 11521167 Henri I (Henry II) married Alinor; son of count Geoffroy V of Anjou; England 11541189

House of Anjou (England)11671199 Richard I,Lionheart son of Henri I and Alinor; England 118911992511991216 Jean I (John),Lackland son of Henri I and Alinor; also England12161254 Henri II (Henry III) son of Jean I; abdicated; England 1216127212541306 douard I (Edward I),Longshanks son of Henri II; abdicated; England 1272130713061325 douard II (Edward II) son of douard I; abdicated; England 13071327, died 132713251362 douard III (Edward III) son of douard II; abdicated; England 1327137713621375 douard IV, the Black Prince son of douard III; abdicated, died 137613751377 douard III (Edward III) restored13771390 Richard II son of douard IV; abdicated; England 1377139913901397 Jean II, of Gaunt son of douard III; abdicated, died 139913971399 Richard II restored; deposed, died 1400

1399 Henri III (Henry IV) son of Jean II; abdicated; England 1399141313991422 Henri IV(Henry V) son of Henri III; England 14131422

14221453 Henri V (Henry VI) son of Henri IV; England 14221461 and 14701471, died 147114531469 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois (France)14691472 Charles son of king Charles VII of France

(to France 1472)

ARMAGNAC

The county of Armagnac in Gascony was part of Fezensac until 960, when it passed to a younger son,Bernard I. In the 12thcentury his successors acquired Fezensac, and on the extinction of the male line, bothcounties were inherited by the House of Lomagne. In the mid-13thcentury the counts also inherited the countyof Rodez, which nearly doubled their possessions. Bernard VII, constable of France, headed the Armagnacfaction at the French court in the early 15 th century, defending the interests of France and Orlans againstEngland and Burgundy. The inheritance passed to the Valois duke of Alenon, then to the kings of Navarre. In1607, already king of France, Henri IV integrated Armagnac into the royal domain. In 1645 the county wasgranted to count Henri of Harcourt, a younger son of duke Charles I of Elbeuf.

Counts of ArmagnacHouse of Gascony

960995 Bernard I, the Suspicious son of count Guillaume of Fezensac995:1011 Graud I, Trancalon son of Bernard I

:10111061 Bernard II, Tumapaler son of Graud I; abdicated, died 1064:9010611095 Graud II son of Bernard II

1095c.1110 Bernard III son of Graud IIc.11101160 Graud III son of Bernard III11601193 Bernard IV son of Graud III11931215 Graud IV son of Bernard IV

House of Lomagne12151219 Graud V son of viscount Bernard of Fzensaguet, son of Odon I of Firmacon by Mascarose,

daughter of Graud III

25In German captivity 11921194.


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12191241 Pierre son of Graud V12411243 Bernard V son of Graud V12431245 Mascarose I daughter of Graud V26

& 12431245 Arnaud of Lomagne husband of Mascarose I; son of viscount Odon V of Lomagne; died 1264:712451256 Mascarose II daughter of Arnaud and Mascarose I

& 12551256 Eschivat of Chabanais married Mascarose II; son of Jourdain of Chabanais; died 128312561280 Graud VI son of viscount Roger of Fzensaguet, brother of Graud V12801319 Bernard VI son of Graud VI13191373 Jean I son of Bernard VI13731384 Jean II, the Hunchback son of Jean I13841391 Jean III son of Jean II13911418 Bernard VII son of Jean II14181450: Jean IV son of Bernard VII27:14511473 Jean V son of Jean IV2814731497 Charles I son of Jean IV29

Valois House of Alenon14971525 Charles II son of duke Ren of Alenon, son of duke Jean II by Marie, daughter of Jean IV

15251527 (to France)House of Albret

15271555 Henri I married Marguerite of Angoulme, widow of Charles II; son of king Juan III ofNavarre; Navarre 15211555

15551572 Jeanne daughter of Henri I; also Navarre& 15551562 Antoine of Bourbon husband of Jeanne; son of duke Charles of Vendme; also Navarre

Bourbon House of Vendme15721607 Henri II son of Antoine and Jeanne; Navarre 15721610; France 1589161016071645 (to France)

House of Lorraine-Vaudmont (Harcourt)16451666 Henri III son of duke Charles I of Elbeuf

16661718 Louis son of Henri III17181751 Charles III son of Louis17511761 Louis-Charles son of count Louis of Brionne, son of count Henri, son of Louis17611789 Charles-Eugne son of Louis-Charles; deposed, died 1825

(to France 1789)

ARTOIS

The county of Artois originally belonged to the counts of Flanders. By the Treaties of Arras (1191) andPronne (1200) the French king Philippe II obtained Artois as the dowry of his wife Isabelle of Flanders, andannexed it to the royal domain. The counts of Flanders abandoned their claims to Artois definitively at theTreaty of Melun in 1226. In 1237 the French king Louis IX gave Artois as an apanage to his brother Robert I,

in accordance with their fathers will. On the death of Robert II in 1302, there followed an acrimonious disputeover the county between his daughter and grandson, with the court deciding in favor of the countess Mahaut.For the next century the county tended to pass to female heiresses and their husbands, until finally coming to

26The chronology of the period 12411255 is very uncertain: it is possible that Mascarose II succeeded directlyto her uncle Bernard V in 1245/1246 and Graud VI followed by 1254.27In French captivity 14431446.28In exile during French occupation 14551461 (formally dispossessed 14601461).29In French captivity 14721484 (formally dispossessed 14811484).


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the Valois House of Burgundy. On the death of Charles the Rash in 1477, the French king Louis XI claimedthe Artois as part of the Burgundian succession. Charles son-in-law Maximilian of Austria only surrendered hisclaims in 1482, and then on condition of a marriage alliance between his daughter and the French kings son.

When this marriage failed to occur, Artois was returned to the Habsburg heirs of Charles the Rash by the Treatyof Senlis in 1493. After this Artois remained united with what became the Spanish Netherlands until 1640,

when it was occupied by France. Spain acknowledged French possession in the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659.

Counts of Artois; peers 1297Capetian House of France

12371250 Robert I, the Good son of king Louis VIII of France12501302 Robert II, the Noble posthumous son of Robert I13021329 Mahaut daughter of Robert II

& 13021303 Othon of Burgundy husband of Mahaut; son of count Hugues of Burgundy Robert III son of Philippe, son of Robert II; rival 13021309, died 1342

House of Ivrea (Chalon)13291330 Jeanne I daughter of Othon and Mahaut

Capetian House of France13301347 Jeanne II daughter of Jeanne I by king Philippe V of France

& 13301347 Eudes of Burgundy husband of Jeanne II; son of duke Robert II of Burgundy; died 1349Capetian House of Burgundy

13471361 Philippe I, of Rouvres son of Philippe, son of Eudes and JeanneCapetian House of France

13611382 Marguerite I daughter of Jeanne I by king Philippe V of FranceHouse of Dampierre (Flanders)

13821384 Louis of Mle son of Marguerite I by count Lodewijk I of Flanders13841405 Marguerite II daughter of Louis

& 13841404 Philippe II of Burgundy husband of Marguerite II; son of king Jean II of FranceCapetian House of Valois (Burgundy)

14051419 Jean, the Fearless son of Philippe II and Marguerite II

14191467 Philippe III, the Good son of Jean14671477 Charles I, the Rash son of Philippe III14771482 Marie daughter of Charles I30

& 14771482 Maximilien married Marie; son of emperor Friedrich III; Empire 1493151914821493 (to France)

House of Habsburg (Austria)14931506 Philippe IV, the Handsome son of Maximilien and Marie; Castile 1504150615061549 Charles II (Carlos I) son of Philippe IV; abdicated; Castile 15061556; Aragn and Sicily

15161556; Naples 15161554; Empire 15191556; died 1558(to the Spanish Netherlands 1549; to France 1640)

ASTARAC

The county of Astarac, like neighboring Fezensac and Armagnac to its west, was part of the duchy ofGascony, and was granted to a younger son of duke Garcia II. In the early 13thcentury, the county seems tohave passed to the House of Bigorre, then in quicker succession to those of Grailly, and Nogaret. With the endof the line of succession, Astarac was adjudicated to the House of Roquelaure, which was inherited by that ofRohan-Chabot. The chronology and even succession down to the early 13thcentury is not very clear.

30In exile during French occupation 14771479.


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Counts of AstaracHouse of Gascony

926c.960 Arnaud I,Nonnat son of duke Garcia of Gasconyc.960:975 Garcia son of Arnaud I:9751022: Arnaud II son of Garcia

:1023c.1060: Guillaume I son of Arnaud II:1075c.1099: Sanche I son of Guillaume Ic.1099::1124 Guillaume II son of Sanche I

:11241142 Bernard I son of Sanche I11421169: Sanche II son of Bernard I

:c.11721176: Bohmond son of Bernard I:11871191: Marquise daughter of Bohmond

& :11871191: Ximene husband of Marquise1191:1200: Batrice daughter of Bohmond

& 1191:? Rodrigue husband of Batrice; son of Ximene& ?1200: Vital de Montgut married Batrice

House of Bigorre?

:1210:1243 Centule I son of (?) Bonnefemme, daughter of Bohmond:12431249 Centule II son of Centule I12491291 Bernard II son of Centule I12911300 Centule III son of Bernard II13001326: Bernard III son of Centule III1326:1331 Amanieu son of Bernard III

1331c.1368 Centule IV son of Amanieuc.13681398 Jean I son of Centule IV

13981410 Jean II son of Jean I14101458 Jean III son of Jean II14581511 Jean IV son of Jean III

15111536 Mathe daughter of Jean IV; abdicated, died 1555& 15111536 Gaston of Grailly husband of Mathe; son of Gaston II of Grailly, son of Jean, son of

count Gaston of Longueville, son of count Archambaud of FoixHouse of Grailly (Foix)

15361571 Frdric son of Gaston and Mathe15711572 Henri son of Frdric15721593 Marguerite daughter of Henri

& 15871593 Jean-Louis de Nogaret married Marguerite, died 1642House of Nogaret

15931661 Bernard IV son of Jean-Louis and MargueriteHouse of Roquelaure

16611683 Gaston-Jean-Baptiste son of Antoine de Roquelaure16831738 Antoine-Gaston son of Gaston-Jean-Baptiste17381741 Franoise daughter of Antoine-Gaston

& 1738 Louis-Bretagne-Alain of Rohan husband of Franoise; son of duke Louis of RohanHouse of Rohan-Chabot

17411789 Louis-Marie son of Louis-Bretagne-Alain and Franoise; deposed, died 1801(to France 1789)


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AULNAY

The viscounty of Aulnay (less accurately Aunay) was located in-between Poitou and Saintonge. It wasgoverned by its own dynasty from the 10 thuntil the 13thcentury, when it was inherited first by the House ofRancon, then by that of Mortagne-sur-Gironde. In the 14thcentury the English temporarily dispossessed the

viscounts, who had sided with France. Aulnay was annexed to the royal domain in 1506, on account of the

debts of the last viscount, Christophe of Montbron, whose family had governed the viscounty for the lastcentury. The genealogy of the House of Mortagne is particularly uncertain.

Viscounts of AulnayHouse of Aulnay

:925948: Cadelon I son of (?) Maingaud; viscount of Aulnay:959967: Cadelon II son of (?) Cadelon I

:9891010: Cadelon III son of Cadelon II:10161026: Cadelon IV son of Cadelon III:10261031: Constantin son of Cadelon III:10401070: Guillaume I son of Cadelon IV:10721098: Cadelon V son of Guillaume I:11011130: Guillaume II,Asselli son of Cadelon V

Cadelon VI son of (?) Guillaume II:1199: Guillaume III,Amanerii son of Cadelon VI:1201: Guillaume IV son of Guillaume III

:12031235 Jeanne daughter of Guillaume IIIHouse of Rancon

& :12031258 Geoffroy I husband of Jeanne; son of Geoffroy IV of Rancon12581263 Geoffroy II son of Geoffroy I

House of Mortagne12631305: Geoffroy III son of Benot III of Mortagne by lonore, daughter of Gdouin of Dou by

daughter of Geoffroy I and Jeanne

Pons I son of Geoffroy III:13171354 Pons II (Ponson) son of Pons I13541385 Marguerite daughter of Pons II

& 13541356 Jean I of Clermont husband of Marguerite; son of Raoul IV of Clermont& :13591385 Jean II La Personne married Marguerite; son of viscount Jean I of Acy; died 1404

House of Clermont-Nesle (Chantilly)1385c.1406 Jean III son of Jean I and Marguerite

House of Montbron (or Montbron)c.14061468 Franois I husband of Louise, daughter of Jean III; son of Jacques of Montbron;

abdicated, died 147014681476 Franois II son of Franois I

14761502: Eustache son of Franois II1502:1506 Christophe son of Eustache; deposed, died 1519(to France 1523)

AUMALE

Originally part of the county of Ponthieu on the Channel, Aumale was taken over by Guillaume II, duke ofNormandy (William I as king of England), in 1063. In 1069 he granted the county of Aumale to his nephewEudes of Blois. In 1194 the French king Philippe II confiscated Aumale and granted it, a decade later, to his


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friend Renaud of Dammartin, who soon turned over the county to his brother. The Dammartins deserted tothe English, and Philippe II, victorious at Bouvines, granted Aumale to his own son in 1214. The House ofDammartin recovered the county in 1234, but it passed by marriage to the king of Castile. He left it to one ofhis younger sons, whose descendant brought it by marriage to the House of Harcourt. Further marriagesbrought Aumale to the houses of Lorraine (Guise) and Savoy. In 1547 Aumale was promoted to duchy. Finally,in 1686, the duchess of Aumale sold the duchy to Louis-Auguste, a legitimated son of the French king Louis

XIV. This branch of the Bourbon dynasty retained Aumale until the French Revolution.

Counts and dukes of Aumale; peer 1776House of Blois

10691115 Eudes husband of Adle, daughter of duke Robert I of Normandy; son of count tienne IIof Blois

11151127 tienne son of Eudes11271179 Guillaume I, the Fat son of tienne11791194 Hawise daughter of Guillaume I; deposed, died 1214

& 11801189 Guillaume II of Mandeville married Hawise; son of Geoffrey of Mandeville, 1stearl of Essex& 11901194 Guillaume III of Forts married Hawise; deposed, died 1195

11941204 (to France)House of Dammartin

12041206 Renaud son of count Aubry III of Dammartin; abdicated, died 122712061214 Simon brother of Renaud; deposed

Capetian House of France12141234 Philippe,Hurepel son of king Philippe II of France; married Mathilde, daughter of Renaud31

House of Dammartin12341239 Simon restored12391252 Jeanne daughter of Simon; abdicated, died 1278

& 12391252 Ferdinand I husband of Jeanne; son of king Alfonso IX of Len; Castile 1217, Len 1230House of Castile

12521261: Ferdinand II son of Ferdinand I and Jeanne

:12641302 Jean I son of Ferdinand II13021340: Jean II son of Jean I:13421387 Blanche daughter of Jean II

& :13421356 Jean III of Harcourt husband of Blanche; son of count Jean IV of HarcourtHouse of Harcourt

13871388 Jean IV son of Jean III and Blanche13881452 Jean V son of Jean IV32

+ Jean VI son of Jean V; associated 14111424House of Lorraine-Vaudmont

14521458 Antoine husband of Marie, daughter of Jean V; son of count Ferry I of Vaudmont14581473 Jean VII son of Antoine14731508 Ren son of count Ferry II of Vaudmont, son of Antoine15081550 Claude I son of Ren; duke 154715501573 Claude II son of Claude I15731595 Charles son of Claude II; deposed, died 163115951618 (to France)16181638 Anne daughter of Charles

31The marriage was actually concluded in 1216.32In English captivity 1415; in exile during English occupation 14181449.


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& 16181632 Henri I of Savoy husband of Anne; son of duke Jacques of NemoursHouse of Savoy (Nemours)

16381641 Louis son of Henri I and Anne16411652 Charles-Amde son of Henri I and Anne16521659 Henri II son of Henri I and Anne; archbishop of Reims 1651165716591686 Marie-Jeanne-Baptiste daughter of Charles-Amde; sold duchy, died 1724

Capetian House of Bourbon (France)16861736 Louis-Auguste (duc du Maine) legitimated son of king Louis XIV of France17361773 Louis-Charles son of Louis-Auguste; sold duchy, died 177517731776 (to France)17761789 Louis-Jean-Marie son of Louis-Alexandre (comte de Toulouse), brother of Louis-Auguste;

deposed, died 1793(to France 1789)

AUTUN (see Burgundy)

AUVERGNE

The county of Auvergne in what is now central France was entrusted to a long line of appointed counts anddukes under the Merovingian and Carolingian kings of the Franks. Starting in the mid-9thcentury the county,like many others, showed signs of becoming a hereditary principality, and under the House of Autun the rulersof Auvergne attempted to extend their control to Aquitaine and Septimania. However, even possession ofAuvergne itself soon came to be contested among several rival houses, most notably those of Toulouse andAquitaine. In the late 10thcentury the viscount of Clermont and Auvergne, Guy I, proclaimed himself count bythe Grace of God, establishing a long-lasting line of counts. In c.1155 Auvergne and its ruling dynasty were splitbetween the counts of Auvergne and the counts of Clermont-Ferrand (which was actually governed by itsbishop), called the dauphins of Auvergne. The county of Auvergne (much of it alienated by the duke of Berry in1380) was inherited by the House of La Tour in 1437, by Catherine of Medici in 1524, and then by herdescendants. It was united to the royal domain in 1610. The Dauphin of Auvergne passed to the House of

Bourbon-Montpensier in 1428, before being joined to the royal domain in 1523, and then detached again infavor of the House of Bourbon-Vendme in 1539. It passed to the duke of Orlans in 1693.The bulk of Auvergne, however, had already been confiscated from count and dauphin by the French king

Philippe II in 1195, as punishment for their almost continuous harassment of the bishops of Clermont. Thisterritory, called the Terre dAuvergne, was separated from the royal domain as a duchy for Louis VIIIs sonAlphonse of Poitiers in 12261271, and then again for Jean IIs son Jean of Berry in 1360. The lattersdescendants ruled the duchy until 1523, when it was reunited with the royal domain. It was subsequentlygranted out as an apanage to members of the royal family on several brief occasions until 1778.

Counts of AuvergneHouse of Mcon

846868 Bernard I son of count Gurin of Mcon; count of Auvergne868869 Gurin son of Bernard I

House of Autun869886 Bernard II,Hairyfoot husband of Ermengarde, daughter of Bernard I; son of marquis

Bernard I of Septimania886918 Guillaume I, the Pious son of Bernard II

House of Razs918926 Guillaume II, the Younger son of count Acfred I of Razs by Adelinde, daughter of Bernard II926927 Acfred brother of Guillaume II


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House of Poitiers (Aquitaine)927932 Ebles,Manzer bastard son of duke Ramnulf II of Aquitaine; deposed, died 934

House of Rouergue (Toulouse)932942 Raymond-Pons son of count Raymond II of Toulouse

House of Poitiers (Aquitaine)942963 Guillaume III, Towhead son of Ebles963979 Guillaume IV,Ironarm son of Guillaume III; abdicated, died 99433

House of Clermont979c.989 Guy I son of viscount Robert II of Clermont

c.989c.1016 Guillaume V brother of Guy Ic.1016c.1032 Robert I son of Guillaume Vc.10321059: Guillaume VI son of Robert I

:10641096 Robert II son of Guillaume VI1096c.1136 Guillaume VII son of Robert II

c.1136c.1147 Robert III son of Guillaume VIIc.1147c.1155 Guillaume VIII, the Younger son of Robert III; dauphin of Auvergne c.1155c.1169c.1155c.1182 Guillaume IX, the Elder son of Guillaume VII

c.1182c.1194 Robert IV son of Guillaume IXc.11941195: Guillaume X son of Robert IV

:11971213 Guy II son of Robert IV; deposed, died 122212131229 (to France)12291246 Guillaume XI son of Guy II; restored in Vic-le-Comte12461277 Robert V son of Guillaume XI

1277 Guillaume XII son of Robert V12771317 Robert VI son of Robert V13171325 Robert VII,the Great son of Robert VI13251332 Guillaume XIII son of Robert VII13321360 Jeanne I daughter of Guillaume XIII

& 13381346 Philippe I married Jeanne I; son of duke Eudes IV of Burgundy& 13501360 Jean I, the Good married Jeanne I; son of king Philippe VI of France; France 1350136434

Capetian House of Burgundy13601361 Philippe II of Rouvres son of Philippe I and Jeanne I

House of Clermont13611386 Jean II son of Robert VII13861404 Jean III son of Jean II14041423 Jeanne II daughter of Jean III

& 14041416 Jean IV of Berry husband of Jeanne II; son of Jean I& 14161423 Georges of La Trmoille married Jeanne II; son of Guy VI of La Trmoille; died 1446

14231437 Marie daughter of Godefroy, son of Robert VIIHouse of La Tour-dAuvergne

14371461 Bertrand I son of Marie by Bertrand IV of La Tour14611494 Bertrand II son of Bertrand I

33The period 963979 was traditionally associated with domination by count Guillaume III of Toulouse, whowas believed to have reigned there since 950; recent research places his accession in Toulouse in 978 at theearliest, which allows us to conjecture that Auvergne remained under the domination of the dukes of Aquitaineuntil 979.34In English captivity from 1356.


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14941501 Jean V son of Bertrand II15011524 Anne daughter of Jean V

& 15051524 Jean VI Stuart of Albany married Anne; son of duke Alexander of Albany35by Anne,daughter of Bertrand II; died 1536

House of Medici15241589 Catherine daughter of Lorenzo II of Florence by Madeleine, daughter of Jean V

Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)15891605 Charles legitimated son of king Charles IX of France, son of Catherine by king Henri II;

deposed, died 165016061608 Marguerite daughter of Catherine by king Henri II of France; abdicated, died 1615

Capetian House of Bourbon (France)16081610 Louis son of king Henri IV of France; France 16101643

(to France 1610)

Counts of Clermont(-Ferrand) in Vodable, dauphins of AuvergneHouse of Clermont

c.1155c.1169 Guillaume I, the Younger son of count Robert III of Auvergne; count of Auvergne c.1147c.1155

c.11691235 Robert I (Dauphin) son of Guillaume I12351239: Guillaume II son of Robert I:12401262 Robert II son of Guillaume II12621282 Robert III son of Robert II12821324 Robert IV son of Robert III13241352 Jean son of Robert IV13521356 Braud I son of Jean13561400 Braud II, the Great Dauphin son of Braud I14001426 Braud III son of Braud II14261436 Jeanne daughter of Braud III

Capetian House of Bourbon (Montpensier)& 14281486 Louis I of Bourbon married Jeanne; son of duke Jean I of Bourbon

14861496 Gilbert son of Louis I14961501 Louis II son of Gilbert15011523 Charles, the Constable son of Gilbert; deposed, died 152715231539 (to France)

Capetian House of Bourbon (Vendme)15391582 Louis III son of prince Louis of La Roche-sur-Yon by Louise, daughter of Gilbert15821592 Franois son of Louis III15921608 Henri son of Franois16081627 Marie daughter of Henri

& 16261627 Gaston married Marie; son of king Henri IV of France; died 166016271693 Anne-Marie-Louise daughter of Gaston and Marie

(to Orlans 1693)

Dukes of Auvergne; peers 1528Capetian House of France

12261271 Alphonse, of Poitiers son of king Louis VIII of France12711360 (to France)

35Son of king James II of Scotland.


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Capetian House of Valois (France)13601416 Jean I, of Berry son of king Jean II of France14161434 Marie daughter of Jean I

& 14161434 Jean II of Bourbon husband of Marie; son of duke Louis II of Bourbon36Capetian House of Bourbon

14341456 Charles I son of Jean II and Marie14561488 Jean III son of Charles I

1488 Charles II son of Charles I; archbishop of Lyon 14441488; deposed, died 148814881503 Pierre, of Beaujeu son of Charles I15031521 Suzanne daughter of Pierre

& 15051523 Charles III, the Constable married Suzanne; son of count Gilbert of Montpensier, son ofcount Louis I, son of Jean II; deposed, died 1527

15231527 (to France)House of Savoy

15271531 Louise daughter of duke Philippe II of Savoy by Marguerite, daughter of Charles I15311569 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)

15691574 Henri-douard-Alexandre (duc dOrlans) son of king Henri II of France, son of king Franois I,son of Louise by count Charles III of Angoulme; Poland 15731575; France 15741589

15741773 (to France)Capetian House of Bourbon (France)

17731778 Charles-Philippe (comte dArtois) son of Louis, son of king Louis XV of France; France18241830; died 1836

(to France 1778)

AUXERRE

In the Carolingian period a series of royally-appointed counts governed Auxerre, but the county wasgenerally in the hands of the dukes of Autun/Burgundy in 8881002, before reverting to the French king

Robert II. In 1028 Renaud of Monceaux, count of Nevers, married the kings daughter Avoie and was given thecounty of Auxerre. The county remained united with Nevers and (from 1065) Tonnerre, until 1262. Througha series of heiresses the three counties passed to the houses of Courtenay and Bourbonnais. After a successiondispute in 12621273 Auxerre passed to Alix of Burgundy and her husband Jean of Chalon-Salins. In 1370their descendant Jean IV sold the county to the French king. In 1435 the French king ceded Auxerre to theduchy of Burgundy by the Treaty of Arras, but in 1477 it returned to the royal domain. In the 16thcentury thetitle count of Auxerre was used by members of the House of Cleves who were counts and dukes of Nevers.

Counts of AuxerreWelf House

859c.863 Conrad I, the Elder son of Welf of Altdorfc.863864 Conrad II son of Conrad I; deposed, died 876

Robertian House864866 Robert, the Strong married Adlade, widow of Conrad I; marquis of Neustria

Welf House866877 Hugues I, the Abbot son of Conrad I; abdicated, died 886877902: Girbaud

Bosonid House of Metz902:921 Richard, the Justiciar son of count Bivin of Metz

36In English captivity since 1415.


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921936 Raoul son of Richard; France 923936Robertian House

936938 Hugues II, the Great son of king Robert I of France, son of Robert; abdicated, died 956Bosonid House of Metz

938952 Hugues III, the Black son of RichardHouse of Vergy

952956 Gilbert son of count Manasss II of Dijon by Ermengarde, daughter of king Boson ofProvence, brother of Richard

Robertian House of France956965 Otton husband of Ligarde, daughter of Gilbert; son of Huguesthe Great

9651002 Eudes-Henri brother of OttonHouse of Ivrea

10021005 Otte-Guillaume son of Eudes-Henris wife Gerberge by her first husband, king Adalbertoof Italy; deposed, died 1026

1005c.1028 (to France)House of Monceaux (Nevers)

c.10281040 Renaud husband of Avoie, daughter of king Robert II of France; son of count Landry of Nevers

by Mathilde, daughter of Otte-Guillaume10401098 Guillaume I son of Renaud10981148 Guillaume II son of count Renaud II of Nevers, son of Guillaume I11481161 Guillaume III son of Guillaume II11611168 Guillaume IV son of Guillaume III11681175 Guy son of Guillaume III11751181 Guillaume V son of Guy11811193 Agns daughter of Guy

& 11841193 Pierre of Courtenay married Agns; son of Pierre I of Courtenay; Latin emperor 12161217Capetian House of Courtenay

11931257 Mahaut I daughter of Pierre and Agns& 11991222 Herv of Donzy married Mahaut I; son of Herv III of Donzy; divorced, died 1222

& 12261241 Guigues of Forez married Mahaut I; son of count Guigues III of ForezHouse of Bourbonnais

12571262 Mahaut II daughter of Archambaud IX of Bourbon by Yolande, daughter of count Guy Iof St-Pol by Agns, daughter of Herv and Mahaut I

& 12571262 Eudes of Burgundy husband of Mahaut II; son of duke Hugues IV of Burgundy; died 1266Capetian House of Burgundy

12621273 Yolande daughter of Eudes and Mahaut II; deposed, died 128012731279 Alix sister of Yolande; rival claimant since 1262

& 12731279 Jean I of Chalon husband of Alix; son of count Jean of Auxonne and Chalon; died 1309House of Ivrea (Chalon-Salins)

12791304 Guillaume VI son of Jean I and Alix

13041362 Jean II son of Guillaume VI37

13621370 Jean III, the White Knight son of Jean II; sold county, died 137913701435 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois (Burgundy)14351467 Philippe, the Good son of duke Jean II of Burgundy14671477 Charles, the Rash son of Philippe

(to France 1477)

37In English captivity 13571361.


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BAR (Bar-le-Duc, see under GERMANY)

BAR-SUR-SEINE

The county of Bar-sur-Seine (not to be confused with those of Bar-sur-Aube and Bar-le-Duc) was situatedbetween Champagne and the duchy of Burgundy and was a fief of the bishop of Langres. The territory had beeninherited by the counts of Tonnerre in the early 11thcentury, but passed by marriage to the count of Brienne in1065. It was subsequently governed by a junior line of the House of Brienne, followed by the House of Puiset.Hlissende of Joigny, whose husband and son had perished on the Fifth Crusade, sold the county (which was herdower) to her suzerain, the count of Champagne in 1225. The county entered the royal domain withChampagne in 1314, although it was temporarily ceded to the duchy of Burgundy in the period 14351477,before being recovered by the king.

Counts of Bar-sur-SeineHouse of Tonnerre

:10401046: Milon I son of count Milon II of Tonnerre:10471065 Hugues-Renaud son of Milon I; abdicated; bishop of Langres 10651084

House of Brienne

1065c.1090 Gautier husband of Eustachie, daughter of Milon I; son of count Engilbert III of Briennec.1090c.1126 Milon II son of Gautierc.11261145: Guy son of Milon II

:11481151 Milon III son of Guy11511168 Manasss son of Guy; abdicated; bishop of Langres 11791193

House of Puiset11681189 Hugues husband of Ptronille, daughter of Milon II; son of viscount rard IV of Chartres11891219 Milon IV son of Hugues

House of Joigny12191225 Hlissende widow of Milon IV; daughter of count Renaud IV of Joigny; sold county, died 1226:

(to Champagne 1225; to France 1316; to Burgundy 1435; to France 1477)

BAUGENCY

The lordship of Baugency (less accurately, but more commonly, Beaugency) on the Loire between Blois andOrlans was a fief of the county of Blois. The childless lord Raoul II sold the lordship to the French kingPhilippe IV in 1291. Apart from the grant of Baugency as dower for the widow of the French king Louis X, itremained part of the royal domain.

Lords of BaugencyHouse of Baugency

:10401051: Lancelin I lord of Baugency:10601098: Lancelin II son of Lancelin I

:1105c.1130 Raoul I son of Lancelin IIc.11301153: Simon I son of Raoul I:11541186: Lancelin III son of Raoul I:11921215: Jean son of Lancelin III:12161256: Simon II son of Jean:12601291 Raoul II son of Simon II; sold lordship, died 1302:12911316 (to France)


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Capetian House of Anjou (Hungary)13161328 Clmence widow of king Louis X of France; daughter of king Kroly Martell of Hungary

(to France 1328)

BARN

Located in the northern foothills of the Pyrenees and part of Gascony, Barn remained in the hands of thesame family of viscounts (supposedly descended from the dukes of Gascony) from the 9thcentury until 1147,

when it passed to the House of Gabarret. This was quickly followed by the Catalan House of Montcada, untilBarn came into the hands of the House of Foix in 1310. On several occasions the viscounts of Barn obtainedcontrol of the neighboring county of Bigorre by marriage. In 1086 the duke of Aquitaine had grantedsovereignty to the viscount of Barn, something that allowed its rulers to occasionally defy the authority of theFrench king, as in the case of Gaston X Fbus. Nevertheless, it is not apparent that the kings of France wouldhave considered this binding, and at times Barn had to accept the suzerainty of the kingdom of Aragn. Barnremained united with Foix (and from 1479 with the kingdom of Navarre), passing to the houses of Grailly,Albret, and finally Bourbon-Vendme. After Henri IV became king of France in 1589, he united his patrimony

with the French royal domain in 1607. Nevertheless, as technically sovereign entities, Barn and Navarre werenot united with the royal domain until 1620. The chronology and genealogy of early viscounts is uncertain.

Viscounts of BarnHouse of Barn

Centule I viscount of Barn?c.905 Loup son of Centule I

c.905c.940 Centule II, son of Loupc.940c.980 Gaston I son of Centule IIc.980c.995 Centule III,the Elder son of Gaston Ic.9951012: Gaston II son of Centule III

:1022c.1058 Centule IV, the Younger son of Gaston II+ Gaston III son of Centule IV; associated c.10301054

c.10581090 Centule V son of Gaston III10901130 Gaston IV, the Crusader son of Centule V11301134 Centule VI son of Gaston IV11341147 Guiscarde daughter of Gaston IV; abdicated, died 1154:

House of Gabarret11471153 Pierre son of Guiscarde by Pierre de Gabarret11531170 Gaston V son of Pierre11701173 Marie daughter of Pierre; abdicated, died 1186

& 11711172 Guillaume I married Marie; son of Guillem Ramon I de MontcadaHouse of Montcada

11731214 Gaston VI, the Good son of Guillaume I and Marie12141224 Guillaume-Raymond brother of Gaston VI

12241229 Guillaume II son of Guillaume-Raymond12291290 Gaston VII son of Guillaume II12901310 Marguerite daughter of Gaston VII; abdicated, died c.1319

& 12901303 Roger-Bernard of Foix husband of Marguerite; son of count Roger IV of FoixHouse of Carcassonne (Foix)

13101315 Gaston VIII son of Roger-Bernard and Marguerite13151343 Gaston IX, the Brave son of Gaston VIII13431391 Gaston X,Fbus son of Gaston IX


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13911398 Mathieu son of Roger-Bernard, son of Roger-Bernard, son of Gaston VIII13981412 Isabelle sister of Mathieu; abdicated, died 1428

& 13981412 Archambaud of Grailly husband of Isabelle; son of Pierre II of GraillyHouse of Grailly

14121436 Jean I son of Archambaud and Isabelle14361472 Gaston XI son of Jean I14721483 Franois,Fbus son of Gaston, son of Gaston XI; Navarre 1479148314831517 Catherine sister of Franois; Navarre 14831512 and 1516

& 14841516 Jean II of Albret married Catherine; son of Alain of Albret; Navarre 14841512 and 1516House of Albret

15171555 Henri I son of Jean II and Catherine; Navarre 1521155515551572 Jeanne daughter of Henri; also Navarre

& 15551562 Antoine of Bourbon husband of Jeanne; son of duke Charles of Vendme; also NavarreCapetian House of Bourbon-Vendme

15721610 Henri II, the Great son of Antoine and Jeanne; also Navarre; France 1589161016101620 Louis, the Just son of Henri II; also Navarre; France 16101643

(to France 1620)

BEAUMONT-LE-ROGER

The lordship of Beaumont-le-Roger in Normandy was granted as a county and peerage to Robert of Artoisin 1310, in compensation for the rejection of his claims to the county of Artois. At first a supporter of theValois, the count fell into disfavor after attempting to assert his rights to Artois with forged documents. Hiscounty annexed to the royal domain, Robert fled abroad and perished in the service of the English king. His son

Jean was later invested with the county of Eu in 1351.

Count of Beaumont-le-RogerCapetian House of Artois

13101331 Robert son of Philippe, son of count Robert II of Artois; deposed, died 1342

(to France 1331)

BEAUMONT-SUR-OISE

The small county of Beaumont-sur-Oise north of Paris appeared in the early 11 th century. Usuallycooperating with the kings of France, the counts of Beaumont survived for at least two centuries, until 1222.On the childless death of the last count, the French king Philippe II bought the county from his heirs in 1223.

Counts of Beaumont-sur-OiseHouse of Beaumont

:10221059 Yves I,the Clerk count of Beaumont10591068: Geoffroy son of Yves I:10701083: Yves II son of Yves II:10911155 Mathieu I son of Yves II11551174 Mathieu II son of Mathieu I11741208 Mathieu III son of Mathieu II12081222 Jean son of Mathieu II

(to France 1223)


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BERRY

The Berry, the area south of the Loire centered on Bourges, was a county, later viscounty, subject to the dukeof Aquitaine. The early counts included the future king of Provence Boson and several members of the Houseof Autun, who ruled Toulouse and Septimania. In the 10thcentury the county was replaced by a hereditary

viscounty of Bourges. In 1101 the king of France obtained the Berry by purchase. In 1360, it was created a

duchy for Jean the Magnificent, a son of the French king Jean II. Unlike his brothers, he did not succeed inestablishing his own branch of the House of Valois, and the duchy was subsequently granted to royal princes,including the future king Charles VII, who was known derisively as the king of Bourges while the English andtheir Burgundian allies had occupied the northern portion of the French kingdom. Starting in the 16thcentury,the duchy of Berry was granted out as an apanage on several occasions, often to former queens of France, as wellas royal daughters or sisters. The last apanage duke was deposed by the French Revolution.

Viscounts of BourgesHouse of Bourges

c.962? Geoffroy I,Papabas viscount of BourgesGeoffroy II,Bosberas son of Geoffroy I

:10121038: Geoffroy III, the Noble son of Geoffroy II

Geoffroy IV, the Lad son of Geoffroy III:10611092: tienne son of Geoffroy IV

House of Sully:10961098: Gilles husband of Edelburge, daughter of Geoffroy IV; son of Archambaud II of Sully

House of Dun:10961101 Eudes husband of Mathilde, daughter of Gilles; sold viscounty, died 1108:11011360 (to France)

Dukes of Berry; peersCapetian House of Valois (France)

13601416 Jean I, the Magnificent son of king Jean II of France

1416 Jean II son of king Charles VI of France, son of king Charles V, brother of Jean I14171422 Charles I brother of Jean II; France 1422146114221462 (to France)14611465 Charles II son of Charles I; replaced, died 147214651498 (to France)14981505 Jeanne38 daughter of king Louis XI of France; divorced by king Louis XII15051517 (to France)

Capetian House of Valois (Angoulme)15171547 Marguerite I daughter of count Charles III of Angoulme

& 15171525 Charles III of Alenon husband of Marguerite I; son of duke Ren of Alenon& 15271547 Henri of Albret married Marguerite I; son of king Juan III of Navarre; Navarre 15211555

15471550 (to France)15501574 Marguerite II daughter of king Franois I of France, brother of Marguerite I

& 15591574 Emmanuel-Philibert of Savoy husband of Marguerite II; son of duke Charles II of Savoy;died 1580

House of Habsburg (Austria)15741576 lisabeth widow of king Charles IX of France, son of king Henri II, brother of Marguerite II;

daughter of emperor Maximilian II; abdicated, died 1592

38Canonized as saint 1950.


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Capetian House of Valois-Angoulme (France)15761584 Franois-Hercule (duc dAlenon) son of king Henri II of France15841589 (to France)

House of Lorraine (Vaudmont)15891601 Louise widow of king Henri III of France, brother of Franois-Hercule; daughter of count

Nicolas of Vaudmont

16011776 (to France)Capetian House of Bourbon (France)

17761789 Charles-Philippe (comte dArtois) son of Louis, son of king Louis XV of France; France18241830; died 1836

(to France 1789)

BIGORRE

Like the viscounts of Barn, the counts of Bigorre claimed descent from the dukes of Gascony. The Bigorrewas vassal to Gascony and Aquitaine, then of the kings of Aragn and Navarre from 1082. The male linebecoming extinct as early as c.1040, the county passed via heiresses to the houses of Comminges, Barn, Marsan,Montfort, and Chabanais; on several occasions it was united with the viscounty of Barn. In 1292, while

possession of Bigorre was disputed among several heirs, the French king Philippe IV sequestered the county andtook over it in 1302. In 1425 Bigorre was granted to the count of Foix, and in 1607 it was reunited with theroyal domain alongside that county. The chronology and genealogy of the earliest rulers is not entirely clear.

Counts of BigorreHouse of Bigorre

:845: Donat son of (?) duke Loup of Gascony:865: Daton I son of Donat

Loup son of DonatDaton II son of Loup

:945c.956 Raymond I son of (?) Daton II

c.956c.1000 Louis son of Raymond Ic.10001025: Garcia son of Arnaud, son of Raymond I:1032: Gersende daughter of Garcia

& :10321036: Bernard I of Carcassonne husband of Gersende; son of count Bernard of FoixHouse of Comminges (Foix)

:1038:1077 Bernard II son of Bernard I and Gersende:10771080 Raymond II son of Bernard II10801095: Batrix I daughter of Bernard II

& 10801090 Centule I husband of Batrix I; son of viscount Gaston III of BarnHouse of Barn

1095:1113 Bernard III son of Centule I and Batrix I11131128: Centule II brother of Bernard III:11301148: Batrix II daughter of Centule II

& :11301148: Pierre I of Marsan husband of Batrix; son of viscount Loup of Marsan; died 1163House of Marsan

:11631178 Centule III son of Pierre I and Batrix II11781194 Batrix III39 daughter of Centule III

& 1178:1180 Pierre II of Dax husband of Batrix III; son of viscount Raymond of Dax

39Originally named Stphanie.


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& 11801192: Bernard IV of Comminges married Batrix III; son of count Bernard III of Comminges;divorced, died 1225

House of Comminges11941251 Ptronille daughter of Bernard IV and Batrix III

& 11961214 Gaston of Barn married Ptronille; son of count Guillaume I of Barn& 12151216 Nuno of Aragn married Ptronille; son of count San I of Roussillon, son of count

Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona; divorced, died 1242& 12161220 Guy of Montfort married Ptronille; son of count Simon of Toulouse& :12231224 Aymar of Ranon married Ptronille; son of Geoffroy V of Ranon& 12281247 Boson of Matha married Ptronille; son of Raoul of Matha

House of Montfort12511255 Alix daughter of Guy and Ptronille

& 12511255 Raoul of Courtenay husband of Alix; son of Robert of ChampignellesHouse of Chabanais

12551283 Eschivat son of Alix by Jourdain of Chabanais12831302 Lore sister of Eschivat; deposed, died 1316

& 12841285 Raymond III of Turenne married Lore; son of viscount Raymond IV of Turenne

(to France 1292; to Foix 1425; to France 1607)

BLOIS

The county of Blois stretched along both sides of the Loire between Tours and Orlans. Son of the viscountof Blois, Thibaud the Swindler profited from the death of his overlord Hugues the Great to declare himselfcount of Blois and viscount of Tours (Touraine), and to take control of the counties of Chartres andChteaudun (Dunois) further to the north in c.960. His descendants acquired what became Champagne to theeast, and Eudes II perished while vainly attempting to enforce his claim to the throne of the kingdom ofBurgundy in 1037. At the height of their power, the counts of Blois controlled an agglomeration of feudal

principalities surrounding the royal domain on the west, south, and east. Tours was lost to Anjou in 1041, andBlois and Champagne separated under different branches of the comital family definitively in 1152. On the

extinction of the direct male line, the counties passed to the houses of Avesnes and Chtillon. In 1286 thecountess Jeanne sold the county of Chartres to the French king. Having lost his only son in 1391, count Guy IIsold his county to Louis of Orlans, brother of the French king Charles VI. Subsequently the county of Bloisusually formed part of the possessions of the dukes of Orlans.

Counts of BloisHouse of Blois

943975 Thibaud I, the Swindler son of viscount Thibaud of Blois; count of Blois and Chartres c.960975995 Eudes I son of Thibaud I

9951004 Thibaud II son of Eudes I10041037 Eudes II son of Eudes I10371089 Thibaud III son of Eudes II

10891102 tienne-Henri son of Thibaud III11021151 Thibaud IV, the Great son of tienne-Henri11511191 Thibaud V, the Good son of Thibaud IV11911205 Louis I son of Thibaud V12051218 Thibaud VI son of Louis I12181230 Marguerite daughter of Thibaud V

& 12181230 Gautier of Avesnes husband of Marguerite; son of Jacques of Avesnes; died 1243:6


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House of Avesnes12301241 Marie daughter of Gautier and Marguerite

& 12301241 Hugues I of Chtillon husband of Marie; son of count Gaucher of Saint-Pol; died 1248House of Chtillon (Saint-Pol)

12411279 Jean I son of Hugues I and Marie12791291 Jeanne daughter of Jean I; sold Chartres to France 1286

& 12791284 Pierre of France husband of Jeanne; son of king Louis IX of France12921307 Hugues II son of count Guy III of Saint-Pol, son of Hugues I and Marie13071342 Guy I son of Hugues II13421346 Louis II son of Guy I13461372 Louis III son of Louis II13721381 Jean II son of Louis II13811397 Guy II son of Louis II

(to Orlans 1397, to France 1498, to Orlans 1626)

BOISBELLE / HENRICHEMONT

The first attested lords of Boisbelle (northeast of Bourges) belonged to the house of Sully, descended fromthe counts of Blois and Champagne. The lordship was inherited by the houses of Albret, Mark, and Gonzaga,before being bought by Henri IVs minister Maximilien I de Bthune in 1605. The new ruler, titled duke ofSully (although unrelated to the old family), founded a new capital, the ideal city of Henrichemont (originallyHenrici Mons), in 1609, hence the new name of the principality. Over time the tiny lordship had acquiredatypical privileges from the dukes of Berry and the kings of France, including exemption from the taille impost(1386), from military service (1443), and from the salt-tax (1608). These exemptions rendered it (already anallod rather than fief) a technically sovereign entity. Its rulers enjoyed full legislative and judicial authority andthe right to mint coins. The relatively quiet existence of the principality ended, in 1766, when the seventh dukeof Sully ceded it to the king of France. With this came an end to most of the franchises and liberties that theinhabitants had enjoyed, and after 1789 the last vestiges of Boisbelles unusual status disappeared. In the periodimmediately before the French Revolution, Henrichemont was given as an apanage to the future king Charles X.

Sovereign lords and princes of Boisbelle, later HenrichemontHouse of Blois-Sully

1234:1248: Henri I son of Archambaud IV of Sully:12521269 Henri II son of Henri I12691285 Henri III son of Henri II

& 1269c.1281 Jean I son of Henri II12851334 Henri IV son of Henri III13341343 Jean II son of Henri IV13431382 Louis I son of Jean II13821421 Marie I daughter of Louis I40

& 13821398 Guy of La Trmoille married Marie I; son of Guy V of La Trmoille41

& 14001415 Charles I of Albret married Marie I; son of Arnaud-Amanieu of AlbretHouse of Albret

14211457 Charles II son of Charles I and Marie; abdicated, died 1471& 14211429 Guillaume brother of Charles II

40It is unclear whether Marie Is first husband, count Charles of Montpensier, son of duke Jean of Berry (son ofking Jean II of France), who died in 1382 lived long enough to survive his father-in-law Louis I.41In Ottoman captivity from 1396.


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14571463 Arnaud-Amanieu son of Charles II14631524 Jean III son of Arnaud-Amanieu15241549 Marie II daughter of Jean III

Berg House of Mark (Cleves)15491561 Franois I son of Marie II by count Charles II of Nevers and Rethel; duke of Nevers15611562 Franois II son of Franois I15621564 Jacques son of Franois I15641601 Henriette daughter of Franois I

& 15651595 Louis II Gonzaga married Henriette; son of duke Federico II of MantuaHouse of Gonzaga

16011605 Charles III son of Louis II and Henriette; prince

rulers of france

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