unit 6 topic 1 notes - german empire and alliances
TRANSCRIPT
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Empire and Alliances
Chapter 25
Pages 838-843
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Topics
I. Imperialism
II. German Empire and Alliance System
III. Forging the Triple Entente
IV. Nationalism
V. Militarism
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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I. Imperialism
• European nations had been gaining colonies throughout the 19th century.
• France and Britain had gained most of the colonies around the world and had become major powers.
• Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy needed colonies to be great powers.
• All colonies were claimed by 1913.
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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II. German Empire and Alliance System
A. The Role of Bismarck
B. War in Balkans
C. Congress of Berlin
D. Alliance with Russia and Austria
E. The Triple Alliance
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. The Role of Bismarck
• P.M. Bismarck wanted to unite all 39 German states– Prussia would lead– Austria would be out
• 7 weeks war-Prussia defeats Austria
• Franco-Prussian War– Gains Alsace Lorraine.– Humiliates France
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. War in the Balkans
• Bismarck wants to isolate France and protect the “New” Germany
• 1873 formed Three Emperors League– Germany, Austria and Russia cooperation
• Conflict in Balkans weakens league– Ottoman Empire in decline– Austria and Russia want the Balkans
• Treaty of San Stefano 1878- Russia makes strong gains– Alarms other powers
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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C. Congress of Berlin: 1878
• Bismarck Presides as “honest broker”– Bismarck wants to prevent war between Allies– Bulgaria reduced in size– Russia loses some gains– Austria-Hungary gets Bosnia-Herzegovina– Britain gets Cyprus
• Russia unhappy• Slavs are unhappy (Serbia)• Three Emperors League Dead
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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D. Alliance with Russia and Austria
• 1879 Germany and Austria sign Dual Alliance– France was still a threat– Concern over Russia– Treaty was secret and renewed until 1918
• Bismarck saw treaty as defensive– Not concerned with Balkan Peninsula– Did not want war with Russia
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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E. The Triple Alliance
• Italy joins alliance in 1882– Angered at France in Tunisia– Saw alliance as defensive
• 1887-Reinsurance Treaty with Russia– Pledged neutrality– Further isolated France
• Bismarck successfully isolates France by 1888
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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III. Forging the Triple Entente
A. Kaiser William II B. German and British
competitionC. The Entente
CordialD. Britain and RussiaE. Final Alliances
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. Kaiser William II
• Kaiser William II dismisses Bismarck 1890
• Refuses to continue Reinsurance Treaty with Russia
• France sees an opportunity– Russia desperate for capital– France desperate for an ally
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. German and British competition
• German economy rivaled Britain
• Kaiser saw Britain as a rival
• Challenged British interests in Africa
• Germany challenged British navy– By 1900 Germany planned to build 38
battleships– Britain was horrified
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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C. The Entente Cordial:1904
• Resolved colonial differences with France– Opened possibility of Anglo-
Franco cooperation
• Britain also cooperated with Japan against Russia in Pacific.– Did not actively support
Japan
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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D. Britain and Russia
• Britain fears growing German naval power
• Growing German power threatens both Russia and Britain
• Russia and Britain settles disputes over Central Asia by 1907
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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E. Final Alliances form.
• England, France and Russia are the Triple Entente
• Germany and Austria Hungary form the Central powers, with Italy they are known as the Triple Alliance.
04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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04/12/23
10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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IV. Nationalism
A. German Ambitions
B. Italian Unification
C. The Balkan Peninsula
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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A. German Ambitions
• Nationalism is – the belief that one’s greatest loyalty is to your nation – each ethnic group will have their own nation.– composed of similar people (Language, Ethnicity and Culture)
• England and France had developed as Nations and formed empires
• Germany was a new nation formed in 1871• Saw itself as a new empire
– Deserved respect– Deserved power– Deserved colonies
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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B. Italian Unification
• Italy was divided and largely under foreign control.
• Sardinia, the only Italian controlled province, and France fought Austria.– Sardinia gets Northern Italy.– France gets Nice and Savoy.
• Southern Italy was united with Northern Italy in 1861.
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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C. The Balkan Peninsula
• Ottoman empire was receding
• Russia wanted to lead a Slavic empire
• Austria-Hungary had interests– Bosnia-Herzegovina
• Serbia wanted its own greater nation
• All of these national interests will clash
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Ottoman Empire
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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V. Militarism
• It was the belief that military force was a viable option to attain political goals.
• Otto Von Bismarck used his military to unite Germany.
• Many nations romanticized the use of military forces.
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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Terms
• Imperialism• Nationalism• Militarism• Dual Alliance• Triple Alliance• Entente Cordial• Triple Entente
• Balkan Peninsula• Serbia• Bosnia-Herzegovina• Ottoman Empire
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10.5 and 10.6 : Students analyze the causes, effects and course of the First World War.
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What do we know?
• What were the sources of instability in Europe?
• How did Bismarck secure stability for Germany?
• How did William II destroy this stability?• Describe British and French responses to
Germany power.• The importance of nationalism and the
Balkan Peninsula.