Unit 5 Review

The Executive Branch

The Presidency

The Evolution of the PresidencyThe Presidency in the Constitution

QualificationsPowers and Duties

• Military Power War Powers Resolution

• Diplomatic Power Treaties Executive agreements Diplomatic recognition

• Appointment Power• Veto Power

The Presidency

Strengthening the PresidencyExecutive Privilege

U.S. v. Nixon Impoundment of Funds

Budget Reform and Impoundment Act of 1974The President as Morale BuilderAgenda SettingPower of PersuasionExecutive OrdersChanging Veto Power

Line itemLegislative

• INS v. Chadha

The Presidency

Presidential CharacterActive v. PassivePositive v. Negative

The Issue of GridlockDivided Government

Other Important Members of the Executive BranchThe Vice President

12th Amendment

The PresidencyThe White House Office

Pyramid modelCircular model

The Executive Office of the PresidentNational Security CouncilOffice of Management and BudgetThe National Economic Council

The CabinetIndependent Agencies and Commissions

Selection of the PresidentElectoral College

The Presidency

Presidential Disability and Succession22nd AmendmentPresidential Disability

25th Amendment

Presidential Succession1947 Succession Act

The Impeachment Process

The BureaucracyBureaucracy in Modern Governments

Max Weber’s BureaucracyHierarchical authority structureTask specializationExtensive rulesClear goalsMerit principleImpersonality

The American Federal BureaucracyDivided supervisionClose public scrutinyRegulation rather than public ownership

The BureaucracyThe Growth of the Federal Bureaucracy

PatronageSpoils system

The Pendleton ActCivil Service Commission

The Modern BureaucracyOffice of Personnel ManagementThe Merit Systems Protection Board

Who are the Bureaucrats?3.2 million civilians, 1.8 million military57% male73% whiteAverage age: 42Only 10% work in DC

The Bureaucracy

The Organization of the BureaucracyCabinet Departments2004 Intelligence BillIndependent Regulatory Agencies

Federal Reserve BoardSecurities and Exchange Commission

Government CorporationsPostal ServiceAmtrak

Independent Executive AgenciesNASA

The BureaucracyWhat do Bureaucrats do?

Discretionary Authority Implementation Regulation

AccountabilityCongress

DuplicationAuthorizationHearingsRewriting legislation

The PresidentAppointmentsExecutive OrdersEconomic PowersReorganization

The BureaucracyThe Bureaucracy and Interest Groups

Iron TrianglesIssue Networks

Reforming the BureaucracyThe Merit System and the Hatch ActCriticisms

Red tapeConflictDuplicationUnchecked growthWasteLack of accountability

The BureaucracySuggestions for Reform

Limiting appointmentsMaking it easier to fire a bureaucratRotating professionals between agencies and from

outsideRewarding employee initiatives and fewer rulesEmphasizing customer satisfaction