unit 5 notes page 1-2 january 2. welcome back! today: – today you will be able to: describe the...
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Unit 5 Notes Page 1-2
January 2
Welcome back!
• Today: – Today you will be able to:
• Describe the history of the periodic table• Describe how elements are organized in the periodic
table
– Periodic Table Activity– Notes
Historical Context
• The Periodic Table shows every known element
• But it wasn’t always how it is today
Classical Elements, 450 BCE
• Funny:
“A Table of Chymicall and Philosophicall Charecters”, 1670
Elements, John Dalton, 1608
Telluric Screw, 1862
Octaves, John Newlands, 1865
Periodic Table Activity
• ~30 minutes to complete• Groups of 3-4 people• Turn in:
– Lab sheet for EACH PERSON– Set of cards for each GROUP
• Turn in before end of class today• Keep cards nice, paper clip together and turn
in
Properties
• Some useful vocab: – Allotropic – exists in more
than one form– Metalloid – between a metal
and nonmetal– Base – opposite of an acid
NameSymbol
Various Properties
~ Atomic Mass
Periodic Table Activity
Elements will fit in a square 8 across, 5 down
I. HistoryCh. 5 - The Periodic Table
Mendeleev, 1869
Modern Periodic Table
Sheehan, 1976
Alternative Table: “System Québécium”, 2002
Alternative Table: Makeyev, 2011
As art: Elemental Garden Rebecca Kamen, 2009
History of the Periodic Table
• Now it’s note-taking time!
A. Mendeleev
• Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian)– Organized elements by increasing
atomic mass– Grouped known elements by their
properties– Some discrepancies in placement:
• Iodine (127) after Tellurium (128)
A. Mendeleev• Dmitri Mendeleev (1869, Russian)
– Predicted properties of undiscovered elements.
B. Moseley
• Henry Moseley (1913, British)– Organized by increasing atomic number.
– Resolved discrepancies in Mendeleev’s arrangement.
II. Organization of theElements
Review
• Period: – Horizontal
• Group/Family: – Vertical
A. Metallic Character• Metals• Nonmetals• Metalloids
– Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te)
B - BigSi - SizedGe - GerbilsAs – AssureSb - Some BigTe - Teasing
B. Blocks• s • p• d• f
Main group
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
C. Chemical Reactivity• Families
– Similar valence e- within a group result in similar properties
– They have similar valence configurations
1
2
3
4 5
6
7
B. Chemical Reactivity• Alkali Metals• Alkaline Earth Metals• Transition metals• Inner transition metals• Halogens• Noble Gases*
s1
s2
d-block f-block s2p5
s2p6
Noble Gases
• Are unreactive due to their full valence configurations
• S2p6 – cannot fit any more electrons in that energy level