UNIT 5 LESSON 3

 

Key Terms

PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION CONTAMINATION Contaminate ContaminantDECONTAMINATION SanitationDISINFECTION STERILIZATIONDry heat.

PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION

Proper care must be taken to meet rigorous health standards in order to prevent the spread of disease. Our clients depend upon us to ensure their safety.

CONTAMINATION

: Pollution, soiling with infectious matter.

CONTAMINATETo make impure by contact; to taint or

pollute.

CONTAMINANT Any substance that causes

contamination

DECONTAMINATION

The act of removing pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces

SANITATION Sanitation or sanitizing is simply

cleaning; removing all visible dirt and debris is sanitizing.

2. METHODS OF CLEANING:

a. scrubbing with a brushb. using an ultrasonic unitc. using a solvent

(i.e., metal bits for electric files)

DISINFECTION   Controls microorganisms on nonporous surfaces such as

instruments or implements. It is a higher level of decontamination than sanitation. It is second only to sterilization.

Does not kill bacterial spores. NOT for use on human skin, hair, nails.

  Follow directions Products that are developed to be safe

may be dangerous if used incorrectly. Disinfectants must be used in strict accordance with directions.

 

STERILIZATION

Highest level of decontamination; destroys all microbial life, and is necessary only when surgical instruments cut into the vascular layers of the body.

Kills bacterial spores—the most resistant form of life on Earth.

Includes the steam autoclave and dry heat.

STEAM AUTOCLAVE

Most popular and preferred due to proven history. Works like a pressure cooker. With steam injection, the temperature is raised above that of boiling water. Will eventually kill all living organisms, including bacterial spores.

 

DRY HEAT Works like an oven. Objects are baked

until all forms of life are dead.

IMPORTANT POINT: Don’t use the word “sterilize”

incorrectly. You can only sterilize nonporous surfaces, such as metal implements—you cannot sterilize the skin or nails.

Sterilization is impractical and unnecessary in salons.

 

KEY TERMS efficacy Hospital-level disinfectant pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal. Broad-spectrum disinfectants An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or

bleach solution PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS

CHOOSING A DISINFECTANT

Disinfectants are chemicals. We must read and follow directions. Safe products can be harmful if used incorrectly.

CORRECT EFFICACY means effectiveness to be used against

bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Labels must list the germs the product is proven to kill.

HOSPITAL-LEVEL DISINFECTANT

Must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal

Chapter 2.2Salon Ecology

Infection Control

DISINFECTION

Disinfectant Kill• bactericidals harmful

bacteria• tuberculocidals tuberculosis• fungicidals fungus• virucidals viruses• pseudomonacidals

pseudomonasBroad-spectrum disinfectants kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and pseudomonas

An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or bleach solution for cleanup of blood or body fluid. When salon implements accidentally contact blood, body fluids or unhealthy conditions, they should be cleaned and then completely immersed in an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant solution or 10% bleach solution

PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS Clean before immersing.. 1. Use on precleaned, nonporous surfaces. 2. Dilute according to directions. 3. Contact time per directions. 4. Spray on contact time per directions. 5. Spray can’t be used if complete immersion is called for. 6. Use only as directed. Any other use is a violation of

federal law. 7. EPA-registered disinfectant in pedicure spa. Solution

must be circulated for the time required by label. Absorbent nail files must be disposed of if they accidentally break the client’s skin or contact unhealthy skin or nails.

KEY TERMS IV. TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS   A. QUATS B. PHENOLICS C. ALCOHOL EPA-registered as disinfectants. BLEACH Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) FUMIGANTS DISINFECTANT SAFETY Multi-use Single-use

A. QUATS Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. 1. Nontoxic, odorless, fast-acting. Safe

and useful disinfectants. 2. Most disinfect in 10 minutes. 3. Long-term exposure may damage

fine steel. 4. Complete immersion. Means enough

liquid to cover all surfaces of the item being disinfected.

B. PHENOLICS disinfectants are powerful

tuberculocidal disinfectants. 1. A caustic poison. Safe and effective

if used properly. 2. Can damage rubber and plastic. 3. Avoid skin contact. Have high pH

and can cause skin irritation; concentrated phenols can

seriously burn skin and eyes.

ALCOHOL

1. Methyl alcohol Methanol—not used in salons.

2. Ethyl alcohol Ethanol—to be effective, must be no less than 70%.

3. Isopropyl alcohol Rubbing alcohol; must be 99% to be effective. Alcohols are not

EPA-REGISTERED AS DISINFECTANTS. They are not permitted for use with

Implements in states requiring hospital-level disinfection.

BLEACH Sodium hypochlorite (household

bleach) effective as a disinfectantin the salon. Effective as a laundering additive. Too

much bleach can damage some metals and plastics

To mix bleach solution, add 1 cup tD. o

1 gallon of water (128 ounces).

FUMIGANTS They contain formaldehyde vapors that may cause

cancer in high concentrations. High risk of developing allergic sensitivity as

well. 1. Must be kept in airtight container. It takes 24

hours to kill one fungus. 2. Vapors are poisonous. Also extremely irritating to

eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and can cause skin allergies. 3. Incorrect use violates federal law. 4. Can aggravate lung problems.

F. DISINFECTANT SAFETY Disinfectants are hazardous if used incorrectly. Some are poisonous if

ingested; some cause skin and eye damage. 1. Wear gloves and safety glasses. See Figure 5–14. 2. Add disinfectant to water. Never add water to disinfectant. 3. Use tongs, gloves, or draining basket. Do this when removing

implements from disinfectants. 4. Keep away from children. 5. Don’t pour quats, phenols, etc. over hands. Wash your hands with soap

and warm water and dry thoroughly. 6. Carefully weigh and measure products. 7. Never place in unmarked container. 8. Always follow manufacturer’s directions. 9. Avoid overexposure. Change disinfectant soak solution daily or more

often if it becomes soiled or contaminated.

MULTI-USE 1. Reusable and can be cleaned, disinfected, and used

on more than one person such as nippers, shears, combs, pushers, some files and buffers.

2. Single-use Disposable items cannot be used more than once (either because they cannot be properly cleaned or cleaning damages them). Examples are orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues, paper towels, and some nail files and buffers.

3. Porous Items made or constructed of an absorbent material. Some can be cleaned and disinfected. Examples are towels, chamois, some nail files and buffers.

2. SINGLE-USE Disposable items cannot be used more than

once (either because they cannot be properly cleaned or cleaning damages them). Examples are orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues, paper towels, and some nail files and buffers.

3. Porous Items made or constructed of an absorbent material. Some can be cleaned and disinfected. Examples are towels, chamois, some nail files and buffers.