Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 1

UNIT 4: ACROSPORT

BASIC VOCABULARY Pyramid – Pirámide Figure – Formación en acrosport Forward roll – Voltereta hacia delante Backward roll – Voltereta hacia atrás Sideway roll (pencils roll) – Volteos sobre el lateral del cuerpo (croqueta,

rulo…) Cartwheel – Rueda lateral Handstand – Equilibrio invertido sobre las manos (pino) Headstand – Equilibrio invertido de 3 apoyos cabeza y manos (clavo) Roles – Funciones Dams – Agarres, presas. Safety – Seguridad To lift – Elevar, cargar

“Acrosport or Acrobatic Gymnastic is an acrobatic sport practiced with a partner or with a group. The exercises must include a harmonious combination of choreography, collective acrobatic elements (buildings) and individual acrobatic elements (floor acrobatic series), all in perfect synchronization with partners and music”. Three basic elements in Acrosport are:

Making shapes, figures or human pyramids. Strength, flexibility and balance. Part of dance and gymnastics, jumps and pirouettes.

It is an acrobatic sport performed in groups. A combination of jumps and human pyramids are used. The body is used differently for each position.

Roles: Portor or Base. It is the person that is situated at the base, using his or her

body for support. o It is a stable, static or dynamic base on pyramids buildings. o Its main characteristics are strength, stability and balance. o The base must provide trust to his partners. o Basic positions:

Acrobat or Top or Agile. And agile person or the person who is lifted.

They are those who perform more complicated elements (acrobatics) and climb to the highest point of the pyramids.

o It is thinner and smaller than the base. o Its main features are flexibility, balance and agility.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 2

o It must be courageous and he must trust its partners. o It is on the top of the pyramids with a balanced or strength position.

Assistant or Helper. Its function is to assist in the phases required and aesthetics take a position in the final structure.

o Avoiding accidents. o Decreasing anxiety. o Giving confidence and collaborating with partners.

These functions may be combined by making every student assume all of the roles. Safety:

For the lifter (portor): the correct position is a straight back and spine. For the person being lifted (the lighter person), must be stable the whole

time. They must not move until the lifter is completely stable.

The hand “dams” The dams are a fundamental aspect of acrosport, since they provide security and stability for the pyramids or figures and each one has a specific function:

Dam hand in hand, dam cramp, wrist and hand are good to push and/or hold in the different formations. The double hand in hand grip is used fundamentally for balances.

Arm in arm dam – to hold and inverted position. Platform – to trap and hold in some pyramids and to throw the agile student

or acrobat in stunts. Hand-foot dam – Used by the base/lifter to hold the situated agile in the

dome in a static equilibrium position. The grip should be in the back of the foot

Teamwork is very important, specially the helpers who support the person being lifted. The supporters mustn’t force any positions. Links or Transitions: things that you do between one figure and the next one. You can dance, do gymnastics, tell a story; whatever you want is allowed. Building figures or pyramids: There are three phases:

Construction o We must begin from the center to the sides. This type of construction

provides us fluency and security. o Communication among partners is very important. o Tops must climb carefully. They must try to avoid pushes that could

unbalance the bases. Stabilization

o Once the team has built the pyramid it should keep the structure during three seconds. It depends on: Correct distribution.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 3

Position control. Undoing or ending

o It must always be done in the construction opposite order, from the sides to the center.

o Top must always get off the pyramid through de front side, never through the backside.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 4

UNIT 5: RUGBY TAG

1. LINES OF THE TAG RUGBY PITCH

Touch down or Try Area Try Line Half Way Line

2. WHAT IS TAG RUGBY

Tag Rugby is a modified game of normal rugby. It is non contact and is 7 a side (7v7).

3. OBJECTIVE OF TAG RUGBY

The objective of Tag Rugby is to run with the ball past the other teams try line without being tagged 5 times. This is called a TRY (ensayo or touch down)

4. RULES

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 5

1. No passing forward 2. No contact, only tagging (quitar la cinta o el peto) 3. When tagged, players must stop, put tag back on belt (devolver el peto)

and roll the ball through their legs to a team mate. 4. Teams have 5 opportunities to score a try or touch down. After the 5th

tag, possession is changed. 5. Only the person with the ball can be tagged. 6. To score a try, players must run past the try line without being tagged. 7. To knock the ball forward is a foul and possession is changed. 8. No kicking the ball.

5. HOLDING THE BALL

Fingers hold the ball, not palms.

Fingers spread out Thumbs facing up

6. PASSING

Look at the person you are passing to. Spin the ball using control hand towards team mate. Follow through with hand pointing towards team mate.

7. TAGGING/placaje

Blend knees Look at the tag Tag with two hands Grab and shout “TAG”

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 6

8. ATTACKING

All players run forward but no passing the ball forward

9. DEFENDING

A good defense is when all players are in a straight (lateral) line.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 7

UNIT 6: BASEBALL

HOW TO PLAY

Number of players: The game is played between two teams, each composed of nine players, that take turns playing offense (batting or hitting) and defense (fielding /defensas or pitching/atacantes). Players on one team (the batting team) take turns hitting against the pitcher on the other team (the fielding team), which tries to stop them from scoring runs by getting batters out in any of several ways.

Duration: The teams switch between batting and fielding whenever the fielding

team gets three outs. One turn at bat for

each team constitutes an inning; nine innings make up a professional game. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins.

The baseball field: The field has four markers called bases arranged at the corners of a ninety-foot square, or diamond.

Scoring: The goal of baseball is to score runs /carreras by hitting the ball with a bat and touching the four markers called bases.

THE PLAYING RULES The batter waits for the pitcher to throw a pitch (the ball) toward home plate, and attempts to hit the ball with the bat.

Strike: A strike is called when one of the following happens:

The batter lets a well-pitched ball (one within the strike zone) go through to the catcher.

The batter swings at any ball (even one outside the strike zone) and misses. The batter hits a foul ball—one that either initially lands in foul territory or

initially lands within the diamond but moves into foul territory before passing first or third base. If there are already two strikes on the batter, a foul ball is not counted as a third strike; thus, a foul ball cannot result in the immediate strikeout of the batter.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 8

Ball:

A ball is called when the pitcher throws a pitch that is outside the strike zone this is, between the knees and the shoulders, provided the batter has not swung at it.

A batter may also freely advance to first base if any part of his body or uniform is struck by a pitch before he either swings at it or it contacts the ground.

Fly:

The flyout:, the batter is out if he hits a ball in the air and a fielder catches it, whether in fair territory or foul territory, before it lands, whether or not the batter has run.

There can only be one runner on each base at the same time and a runner on a base can try to move to another one at any time.

A batter is out when:

The ground out:(Cortar la base) the batter is out if he hits a ball and he can reach first base, a fielder retrieves it and touches first base while holding the ball or relays it to another fielder who touches first base while holding the ball.

The tag out: (tocar jugador) a runner is out if s/he is not touching a base and a fielder touches him with the ball or a glove holding the ball.

R

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 9

UNIT 7: BODY POSTURE 1. ¿CUÁLES SON LOS PRINCIPIOS DE UNA BUENA POSTURA CORPORAL?

Una buena postura corporal se caracteriza por:

Un equilibrio en la fuerza y flexibilidad de los músculos que realizan acciones opuestas. Por ejemplo que los lumbares suelen tener más fuerza que los abdominales y provocan desviaciones.

La pelvis se encuentra en posición neutra, es decir no está girada hacia delante (anteversión), ni girada hacia atrás (retroversión).

Las curvaturas de la espalda son las normales y por lo tanto una línea recta y perpendicular al suelo, une oreja, hombro, inserción del fémur con la cadera, rodilla y maléolo peroneo (bola del tobillo).

2. ¿CUÁLES SON LOS PROBLEMÁS MÁS FRECUENTES DE LA POSTURA CORPORAL?

La hiperlordosis lumbar: es un aumento de la curvatura hacia delante de la zona lumbar y una rotación hacia delante de la pelvis (anteversión).

La hipercifosis dorsal: es un aumento de la curvatura hacia atrás de la zona dorsal.

Espalda plana: es una disminución de las curvaturas de la columna, causada normalmente por una rotación hacia atrás de la pelvis (retroversión). Es menos frecuente que los anteriores.

Escoliosis: desviación lateral de la espalda. Para su tratamiento es necesario que un médico determine si se ha producido por descompensación de los músculos del tronco, la cadera o la pelvis.

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 10

Escoliosis

3. ¿QUÉ COMBINACIONES DE FUERZA Y DEBILIDAD MÚSCULAR PROVOCAN UNA MALA POSTURA CORPORAL?

HIPERLORDOSIS LUMBAR: o Debilidad de los abdominales anteriores. o Exceso de fuerza o acortamiento de los lumbares.

ABDOMINALES ANTERIORES

LUMBAR

HIPERCIFOSIS DORSAL: o Debilidad de los músculos trapecio. o Exceso de fuerza o acortamiento de los músculos pectorales.

Trapecio

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 11

ESPALDA PLANA: o Debilidad del psoas iliaco. o Exceso de fuerza o acortamiento de isquiotibiales.

PSOAS ILIACO

ISQUIOTIBIALES

CONCLUSIÓN: para corregir cada uno de estos problemas, deberemos hacer ejercicios de fuerza para los músculos que presentan debilidad y ejercicios de flexibilidad para los músculos que tienen acortamiento o exceso de fuerza.

4. ¿QUÉ CONSEJOS DEBE SEGUIR PARA NO EMPEORARLA?

Si vamos a coger grandes pesos o a trabajar ejercicios de fuerza de pie debemos:

o Flexionar las rodillas. o Espirar aire y hacer fuerza con los abdominales (hundir el ombligo y

apretar el abdomen hacia la zona central). o Un peso muy elevado debe levantarse siempre lo más cerca del

cuerpo posible. Nunca trabajar la fuerza de los músculos lumbares. Si mejorar su

flexibilidad. Los lumbares se usan para mantenernos de pie y por lo tanto se trabajan más y suelen tener más fuerza que los músculos que hacen la función contraría (los abdominales). Por eso la hiperlordosis lumbar es el problema de la postura corporal más frecuente del mundo.

Trabajar la fuerza de los abdominales inferiores más que la de los superiores, ya que la debilidad de los abdominales siempre suele ser mayor en los inferiores.

Si hacemos ejercicios de fuerza tumbados boca arriba (decúbito supino): o La zona lumbar deberá estar siempre pegada al suelo (para evitar la

hiperlordosis lumbar) o Los brazos en cruz, para que los hombros estén hacia atrás (evitando

la hipercifosis dorsal). Si hacemos ejercicios de fuerza sentados:

o Debemos están sentados con la espalda recta (tirar de los hombros hacia atrás).

Departamento de Educación Física IES Juan Gris 

3º ESO 12

o El tronco debe estar perpendicular a la cadera o ligeramente adelantado, pero nunca con el inclinado hacia atrás.

RECUERDA QUE TODO LO DICHO EN CLASE, TAMBIÉN PUEDE ENTRAR EN EL EXAMEN: POR EJEMPLO: balance or helping in acrosport