UNIT 3: THE CIVIL WAR &

RECONSTRUCTION

Causes of the Civil War North vs. South

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Causes of the War

• Regional Differences– Industrial North v. Agricultural South– South wanted to remain traditional and

continue to use slave labor• Slavery

– Expansion into western territories– States’ rights vs. federal government

• Election of President Abraham Lincoln– Not listed on the ballot in southern states– South felt that they did not elect him

Secession of the Southern States

• Secession: to leave formally from membership

• South Carolina voted to leave the Union on December 20, 1860

• 10 more states left the Union and formed the Confederate States of America

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Lincoln’s Response

• President Lincoln saw it as his duty to protect the Union

• In his Oath of Office, Lincoln promised to “ protect and defend the Union”

• He vowed to protect the Union and keep it together

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Protect and Defend the Union

• Protecting the Union proved to be more difficult that Lincoln thought

• Fort Sumter was a particularly difficult issue– Union fort located in enemy South– South threatened to attack if Lincoln

tried to re-supply the fort– Despite warning, Lincoln sent supply

ships to the fort

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First signs of War

• Confederate President Jefferson Davis made good on his promise

• As the Union ships entered Charleston, South Carolina, Davis ordered an attack

• The Union responded in self defense• These became the first shots of the

Civil War

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The Union

Advantages:• Greater Population• More railroads• More factories• More money• More technology• Functioning

government• Existing army &

navy

Disadvantages:• Fighting far from

home• Many did not

believe in the cause

• Many did not want to fight their neighbor

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The ConfederacyAdvantages:

• Seven major colleges to train military officers

• Only had to defend their homeland

• Fighting to defend their way of life and right to self government

Disadvantages:• Smaller population• Few factories• Underdeveloped

railroad• Little money in the

banks• Struggling

government

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Emancipation ProclamationAnd by virtue of the power, and for the

purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said

designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and

that the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize

and maintain the freedom of said persons. - President Abraham

Lincoln

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Gettysburg Address

Read the Gettysburg Address.

Answer the questions that follow.

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