civil war and reconstruction part 2

8/7/2019 civil war and reconstruction part 2

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Civil War and Reconstruction

Part 2: Events Leading to the Civil WarChristian Jones

Based on Oklahoma EOI Standards


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Free Soil Party (1848)

This political party was formed in 1848by people who were against theexpansion of slavery to the westernterritories.

This party supported the Wilmot Provisowhich proposed that any territory theUnited States gained from Mexico,neither slavery nor involuntaryservitude shall never exist

The party did not last long, though theynominated presidential candidates inthe 1848 and 1852 elections and hadtwo senators and fourteenrepresentatives in Congress.


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Underground Railroad (1840-1860)

The Underground Railroad was anetwork of secret routes that fugitiveslaves took to escape from the Southand gain freedom in the northern statesor Canada.

Along the way, slaves stayed inabolitionists' homes and were protectedby abolitionists.

Harriet Tubman is one of the mostfamous conductors of the Underground

Railroad.After escaping using the route, Tubman

went back to the South at least 19 timesand helped over 300 slaves escape.


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Forty-Niners (1849)

In January 1848, JamesMarshall found traces ofgold in a stream inCalifornia.

By the end of 1849, over80,000 Forty-Niners hadarrived in California hopingto make their fortunes.

This led to questions ofstatehood.


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Compromise of 1850

After the Mexican War, the UnitedStates gained new territory in theWest.

The Compromise of 1850 was

passed to deal with the issue ofslavery in these new lands.

The compromise stated thatCalifornia was to be admitted asa free state, and New Mexicoand Utah were to decide on theissue by popular sovereignty,meaning that the people living inthe territories voted on whetheror not to allow slavery.


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Fugitive Slave Act (1850)

Passed in 1850, this law put a$1,000 fine on lawenforcement officials whodid not arrest escapedslaves.

The law was passed becauseslaves were escaping to theNorth, and northerners

made no effort to captureand return escaped slaves totheir owners.


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Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852)

This book, written byHarriet Beecher Stowe,was published in 1852.

The novel described therealities of slave life inharsh detail.

It was one book thatcontributed to the anti-slavery movement.


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Gadsen Purchase

The opening of Oregon country and theadmission of California convincedmany that the country needed atranscontinental railroad thatwould cross the whole country.

Two routes were proposed one startingfrom Chicago and the other startingfrom New Orleans.

The southern route required landcurrently owned by Mexico, sopresident Franklin Pierce sendsJames Gadsen to buy the 30,000

square miles for $10 million.

The northern route required Stephen A.Douglass to call for theorganization of a new territorycalled Nebraska.


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Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Kansas and Nebraska were both part of the Louisiana Purchase and were north of Missouri'ssouthern border.

Senator Stephen Douglas, who wanted support from southerners for a transcontinental railroad,introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

In this act, part of the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and the people who lived in Kansas

and Nebraska territories were able to decide on the issue of slavery by popular sovereignty.

This meant that the people living in the territory would vote on whether or not to allow slaverythere.

As a result, people who supported slavery and people who opposed it both moved to Kansasterritory, hoping to become the majority in the territory so they could influence whether itwould be a slave state.

In 1856, pro-slavery people burned a hotel in Lawrence, Kansas.

A few days later, John Brown and others killed 5 people who were pro-slavery.

Kansas became known as "Bleeding Kansas" because of the violence shown by both pro-slaveryand anti-slavery people.


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Republican Party (1854)

The Republican Party formed in1854 in response to theKansas-Nebraska Act.

The party formed because itsmembers were against theexpansion of slavery into newstates.

The party did not push for the

abolition of slavery, but it didnot want slavery to expandpast the states in the South.


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Sumner-Brooks Incident (1856)

In May 1856, Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech on the Senatefloor entitled "The Crime Against Kansas."

In the speech, Sumnerspoke out against the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

He blamed the violence in Kansas on the act and criticized both Andrew

Butler of South Carolina and Stephen Douglas of Illinois forsupporting the act.

A few days later, on May 22, 1856, Preston Brooks Congressman andnephew of Andrew Butler) attacked Sumner and caned him on theSenate floor.

Brooks thought that Sumner had dishonored the state of South Carolinaand his uncle.

This is just one event that shows how divided the country was overslavery.


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Dred Scot v. Sandford (1857)

Dred Scott was a slave who sued hisformer owner for freedom after thatowner took him to live in a freestate and then a free territory.

The case reached the Supreme Court in1857.

The court ruled that Scott was hisowner's property, and so he did nothave rights to sue.

The court also stated that AfricanAmericans were not citizens, sothey did not have the same rights ascitizens.


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Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

The Lincoln-Douglas debates were held inIllinois in 1858, when Abraham Lincoln andStephen Douglas were both campaigning tobe senator for Illinois.

In the second of the Lincoln-Douglas debates,Lincoln asked Douglas to explain how he

could support popular sovereignty and theDred Scott decision.

Douglas took a stance that was neither pro- noranti-slavery and argued that even thoughthe Dred Scott decision stated thatterritories could not forbid slavery, they

could keep slavery out by not passing lawsthat protected slavery.

This argument is known as the FreeportDoctrine.

Douglas was elected senator in the 1858election, but Lincoln went on to win the

presidential election in 1860.


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Harper's Ferry (1859)

Harper's Ferry, Virginia was afederal arsenal, meaning it was afort that held guns and otherammunition.

John Brown, an abolitionist, led araid at Harper's Ferry to stealweapons and give them to slaves.

He hoped the slaves would start arebellion to gain freedom.

Shortly after the raid, John Brown wascaptured and executed.

Slave owners feared that there wouldbe additional slave rebellions.


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Secession (1860)

After the election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina was the first stateto secede from the Union.

It was soon joined by other southern states, forming the ConfederateStates of America.

civil war and reconstruction part 2

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