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TRAINING METHODS

&TECHNIQUES

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Role playing

Business games

In basket techniques

Laboratory training

Programmed instruction

Case studies

Seminars

GD

Lecture

Brainstorming

Mind mapping

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Role playing

Trainees act out characters assigned to them.

Information regarding the situation is providedto the trainees.

Outcomes depend on the emotional (andsubjective) reactions of the other trainees.

The more meaningful the exercise, the higherthe level of participant focus and intensity.

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Types of role play

Simple role play (the group performs beforean audience who evaluate the exercise).

Multiple role play (group is divided intovarious sub groups which play the rolessimultaneously working on same situation).

Reverse role play (used when 2 participantshave reached an intractable situation in theirdiscussion ,they are asked to change roles).

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Spontaneous role play (during a lecture orbefore it , to demonstrate a particular situation)

Some guidelines

Identify the problem

Develop structure for role play

Assign roles to the participants

Develop material for exercise

Setting the scene

Setting rules

Role briefs

Observers sheet

Making physical arrangements for exerxise

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BUSINESS GAMES

These are the types of simulators that try topresent the way an industry , org functions.

The trainees are given some information thatdescribes a particular situation and then they

are asked to make decisions that will best suitin the favour of the company.

And then the system provides the feedbackabout the impact of their decisions. On basisof feedback they are asked to make decisionsagain.

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Trainees are given some info about the role to beplayed like description , responsibilities.

Trainee is given a log of materials that make upthe in basket and asked to respond to materials

within a particular time period.

After all the trainees complete the in basket , a

discussion with the trainer takes place.

Now the trainee describes the justification for thedecisions.

IN BASKET TECHNIQUE

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This technique focuses on -

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LABORATORY TRAINING

To achieve proper result the group is isolated

from its normal routine.

no of participants 12 to 15

Using resources of others and acting like a

resource for others.

Changes through this are more permanent.

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Factors affecting Lab Training:

The here & now focus (immediate experience)

The there & then focus (focus on situation

away from lab where the trainee are likely to

work)

Focus on self as change agent.

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Conditions for lab training

Willingness to be a part of lab. Honest approach

Feedback.

Conducive envt.

Changes that have potential for application

Participants ability to learn from experience

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Programmed Instruction

It involves the self pace learning.

It includes only the trainee and the system. No

physical trainer is involved.

It consists of branches that moves the trainee

to different levels of training depending upontheir answers or response to the query

generated by system.

Correct answer takes the trainee one level upbut incorrect answer brings him back to the

previous level.

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CASE STUDIES

Its the description of real life experience

which are used to make points or raise issues.It includes

Setting the scene

Details of the org

Description of the players

Outline of the problem

Any additional info necessary tounderstand the scenario.

Resource available.

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Objectives of case study:

In depth discussion

Used in decision making and problem solving.

Helps in deriving principles regarding working

in the field.

Guidelines for using the method:

First identify the objective.

It should be based on genuine data and

situations

You should know the actual outcome in order

to compare the participants findings.

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SEMINARS

Its a conference of a smaller size but greater

degree of participation from the members is

incorporated.

Centered around a single theme.

Size of the seminar group should be optimum.

Advantages

Provides learning through sharing.

Experts guides the discussion .

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Disadvantages

Boring

Some members play passive role

Members do no come prepared

How to make it effective

Provide handouts

Make the objective very clear.

Skilled trainer, quality presentation

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GROUP DISCUSSION

Its the structured but informal exchange of

information , ideas ,knowledge andperceptions among the participants on any

topic or issue

Objectives: Generate wide range of solutions

Broaden the outlook of the participants

Develop their interpersonal comm.

Helps in changing attitude through influence

of peers in the group.

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Limitation of method:

If group is large all the members do not get

the opportunity to participate

If the task is no clearly defined , the discussion

may lack focus

Difficulties can arise if leader is unskilled in

guiding the discussion

Some members may dominate the discussion

Some members may not participate.

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LECTURE

The oldest method of training.

Words are spoken by the trainer.

One way communication.

When to use :

When participants are huge in no.

When participants are required only to listen

carefully and clear their doubts .

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Why not to use :

It is assumed that the participants can by

themselves ,through reading , bridge the gapbetween the contents of lecture and their

realities at work.

Passive comm. that does not allow 2 - waycomm.

Develops a sense of interdependence on the

trainer.

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Enhancing usefulness of lecture :

The trainer should have the required

knowledge and skills. Trainer should not feel inhibited to use visual

aids to highlight a point.

Handout can be provided 20-30 minutes may be the maximum time that

a lecture can hold attention of the

participants.

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BRAIN STORMING

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BRAIN STORMING

Ideas , solutions are proposed and evaluation

are suspended until the time this step iscompleted and the group is ready to move on

to the next step.

Its based on the assumption that its not good

to shoot down an idea without proper

consideration of its merit and demerits in an

unbiased manner.

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Objectives :

Generating a wide range of ideas.

Developing positive attitude among the

participants by encouraging them to

participate.

Encouraging shy and reluctant participants to

share their ides and views without any fear.

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Steps in organizing brainstorming session:

Generation of ideas

Amending ideas

Posting all ideas on a chart.

Analyzing ideas

Action planning

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MIND MAPPING

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MIND MAPPING

Its the technique of visually arranging ideas

and their interconnections

It can be used to graphically arrange the

linkages of some central concepts with other

concepts into memorable treelike diagrams.

Uses :

To organize , filter the thoughts that are

collected

To structure the information

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Advantages :

Simplicity

One idea has many links Visual easy to remember

Helps to see big picture & relationship b/w issues.

Link :http://www.12manage.com/methods_mind_map

ping.html