unit 24 - bernoulli principal and flight
DESCRIPTION
The Bernoulli Principal and the History of FlightTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 24
History of Flight and Bernoulli’s Principal
![Page 2: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than its
surrounding fluid.
![Page 4: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Therefore, as the speed of the fluid increases its pressure decreases.
![Page 5: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Feather and Flaps
They both act to change the angle of air over the wing to
control lift
![Page 6: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
There are many forces acting on an aircraft.
The thrust must be sufficient to overcome drag to give enough lift to overcome gravity
![Page 7: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How Do Birds Do It?
• They have hollow bones to be very light weight and their strongest muscles are their breast muscles to generate thrust.
![Page 8: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Use of Lift by Animals• Riding “thermals” condors and hawks can soar for
hours without flapping their wings.
![Page 10: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Use of Lift by Animals• Riding “ocean breezes” albatrosses can literally fly for
days between wing flaps just feet above the water.
![Page 11: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Use of Lift by Animals• Flying fish use their fins as wings to fly above the
water. This reduces drag, allowing them to go faster and to avoid predators.
• Penguins use their wings to “fly” underwater at high velocity
![Page 12: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s Principal
• Paper airplanes, frisbees, and boomerangs are all examples of using Bernoulli’s Principal to get lift.
![Page 13: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s Principal
• Hydroplanes use lift to reduce the boat’s drag in the water, allowed them to hit speeds in excess of 150 mph
![Page 14: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s Principal
• Hydroplanes use lift to reduce the boat’s drag in the water, allowed them to hit speeds in excess of 150 mph
• However, if they get too far out of the water, it can be bad news.
![Page 15: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Hydrofoils
• Hydrofoils use “wings” underwater to create lift, to reduce drag, for high speed ferries.
![Page 16: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Variations on the ThemeOther Examples of Bernoulli’s Principal
• The Stealth Fighter and Stealth Bomber are so unstable to fly, that pilots do not actually control them.
• They are controlled almost completely by computers
![Page 17: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Variations on Flight Today
The Harrier can rotate its jets downward to take off or land vertically, or can flight like a normal plane
Helicopters push air downward to rise The osprey is half-helicopter half-airplane
![Page 18: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
History of Flight
1000 BC to Present
![Page 19: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
1000 BC
• Chinese Invent Kites
![Page 20: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
15th Century
• Leonardo Da Vinci, using the basic principals of flight, draws and explains various possible aircraft types.
• He never built or attempted to fly them himself.
![Page 21: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
1670’s
• Giovanni Borelli, a mathematician calculates human muscles are not strong enough for flight.
• Many attempted before and some still try afterwards.
![Page 22: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
1783
• Jean François Pilâtre de Rozier and Marquis d'Arlandes make first successful flight in hot air balloon in France.
• They used the concept of bouyancy of gases and density changes with temperature.
![Page 23: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1797
• André Jacques Garnerin is first to successfully descend to the ground on a parachute.
![Page 24: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
1852
• Henri Giffard makes first steam powered airship that can be propelled and controlled.
![Page 25: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1891
• Otto Lilienthal starts flying first successful gliders
![Page 26: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1902
• Orville and Wilbur Wright begin flying gliders in preparation for their powered flight attempts.
![Page 27: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
1903• The Wright Brothers make first successful
powered flights at Kittyhawk, NC• First flight only lasted 12 seconds and went
120 feet. The longest was 893 feet.
![Page 28: Unit 24 - Bernoulli Principal And Flight](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062418/554a2b78b4c90542548b4f9c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
So Much More Has Occurred Since
• It took many years before flying was common.• In doing your assignment, look up advances in
flight technology that occurred after the Wright Brothers.