UNIT 2: Who commits CRIME?

SELF-TESTSELF-TEST

• Why do people commit crime? Brainstorm Why do people commit crime? Brainstorm reasons for criminal behavior based on reasons for criminal behavior based on

these three catagories:these three catagories:–Social:Social: –Economic:Economic:

–Biological:Biological:

What do people become criminals?What do people become criminals?___________ vs. _________________________ vs. ______________

NATURENATURE: Criminals are _______, not _______ : Criminals are _______, not _______ – Biological TheoriesBiological Theories – –

– Personality TheoriesPersonality Theories – –

• NURTURENURTURE::

NATURE THEORIES

About what makes someone a Criminal

Old School nature theories Old School nature theories about criminals:about criminals:

• Cesare Lombroso Cesare Lombroso (1876) criminals(1876) criminals

• Theory:Theory:

• Another Old School NATURE Theory: Another Old School NATURE Theory:

• William SheldonWilliam Sheldon _________________ _________________ determined criminality.determined criminality.

1.1. EndomorphicEndomorphic

2.2. EctomorphicEctomorphic

3. Mesomorphic3. Mesomorphic

IDENTIFY SOME FLAWS IN THIS THEORY?IDENTIFY SOME FLAWS IN THIS THEORY?

________________________________________ causes causes• PET (brain) scans done on impulsive killers showed: PET (brain) scans done on impulsive killers showed:

________________________________, ________________________________, which controls impulsive behavior. which controls impulsive behavior.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtOQnM3LQkE Charles Whitman sniper Charles Whitman sniper

NATURE: MODERN THEORIESNATURE: MODERN THEORIES

Neurochemical CausesNeurochemical CausesThe brain’s chemistry can be influenced by The brain’s chemistry can be influenced by ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

The The TWINKIE DEFENSETWINKIE DEFENSE: A psychiatrist claimed that a poor diet : A psychiatrist claimed that a poor diet couldcould

NeurochemicalNeurochemical • STEROIDS? Can the abuse of steroids, STEROIDS? Can the abuse of steroids,

which increase testosterone levels:which increase testosterone levels:

NO direct link betweenNO direct link between

Twin studies: Genetic influence Twin studies: Genetic influence on crime on crime

• IDENTICAL TWINS (same genes and gender) that have been IDENTICAL TWINS (same genes and gender) that have been separated at birth and brought up separately have been studiedseparated at birth and brought up separately have been studied

• The degree of similarity between two twins is known as theThe degree of similarity between two twins is known as the_____________________________________. _____________________________________. • This rate was compared with FRATERNAL twins who are This rate was compared with FRATERNAL twins who are

brought up separatelybrought up separately

• Concordance rate Concordance rate

• FRATERNAL twins:FRATERNAL twins:

Psychopaths and Sociopaths• SIMILARITIES:

• PRIMARY DIFFERENCE:

–Generally Speaking

•PSYCHOPATHS ARE _________ (_____________)

•SOCIOPATHS ARE __________ (______________)

• Sociopaths (____________): Sociopaths (____________): – Are capable of _____________ and can form meaningful Are capable of _____________ and can form meaningful

__________________________ __________________________ – Common sociological factors such as Common sociological factors such as

• Personal Characteristics:Personal Characteristics:– Easy to spotEasy to spot::

• Psychopaths (NATURE)Psychopaths show some of these characteristics:Psychopaths show some of these characteristics:

Mental Disorders related to Psychopathy Mental Disorders related to Psychopathy (and to a lesser degree SOCIOPATHS)(and to a lesser degree SOCIOPATHS)

• 1. CONDUCT DISORDER 1. CONDUCT DISORDER (diagnosed before age 15)(diagnosed before age 15)

• Criteria:Criteria:

2. ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDERDiagnosed over age18; frequent diagnosis of serial killers, rapists, thrill

killersCRITERIA:

Self-Test

• What is the difference between a psychopath and a sociopath?

• What diagnosis must have been made to be labeled Antisocial Personality Disorder?

• What is the difference between a ORGANIZED and DISORGANIZED serial killer?

Serial KillersSerial Killers

• Murder ________ or more Murder ________ or more victims, but each is killed on victims, but each is killed on

___________________________ ___________________________

Serial KillersSerial Killers

• Most serial killers will fall into a Most serial killers will fall into a pattern:pattern:

• The The patternspatterns of activities often allow of activities often allow police to apprehend the killer.police to apprehend the killer.

• Serial killers are often described as:Serial killers are often described as:

Serial KillersSerial Killers

Typical serial Killers are: Typical serial Killers are:

Types of serial killers (patterns)Types of serial killers (patterns)OrganizedOrganized

• CharacteristicsCharacteristics: :

Types of serial killers (patterns)Types of serial killers (patterns)DisorganizedDisorganized

• Characteristics: Characteristics:

Women who commit CrimeWomen who commit Crime•Men commit about ____of all Crime Men commit about ____of all Crime

_______ of all murders_______ of all murders

•Why do women commit so few murders?Why do women commit so few murders?

•Theory:Theory:

Women serial killers: RAREWomen serial killers: RAREPsychopathy:Psychopathy:

• 1. 1. “Angel of Mercy / Death”“Angel of Mercy / Death”

• 2. Mothers: 2. Mothers: Münchausen syndrome by proxyMünchausen syndrome by proxy

• 3. BLACK WIDOWS:3. BLACK WIDOWS:

Freud: Criminals are Freud: Criminals are like Childrenlike Children

Children should progress from:Children should progress from:1.1. Pleasure principle (idPleasure principle (id =_____________________) =_____________________)2.2. Reality principle (whereReality principle (where

). ).

. Freud: stable home environment_________________. Freud: stable home environment___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Research has supported the fact that most criminals Research has supported the fact that most criminals

come from ____________________________.come from ____________________________.

Child abuse and CrimeChild abuse and Crime• Abused or neglected childrenAbused or neglected children

• One study showed 76% One study showed 76%

• Only about 10% ofOnly about 10% of

Juvenile “Delinquency”Juvenile “Delinquency”•Many Juvenile offenders are diagnosed with Many Juvenile offenders are diagnosed with

________________________________________________________•Causes of juvenile delinquency:Causes of juvenile delinquency:

•Every _______ makes their own rules with Every _______ makes their own rules with regard to who is a ______________regard to who is a ______________

Juvenile CourtsJuvenile Courts• Juvenile courts ___________ than adult courtsJuvenile courts ___________ than adult courts

• Early “JD’s” were sent to “________________” Early “JD’s” were sent to “________________” a type of prison school for troubled kids a type of prison school for troubled kids

• Their goal was to _____________ not PUNISHTheir goal was to _____________ not PUNISH

• Goal of Juvenile JusticeGoal of Juvenile Justice

– DiversionDiversion::

Landmark Court Cases regarding Landmark Court Cases regarding Juveniles:Juveniles:

• In Re GaultIn Re Gault (1967) (1967)

• 15 year old boy (Gault) is arrested for15 year old boy (Gault) is arrested for

• Held by the police, Held by the police,

• Supreme Court: Juveniles have the same Supreme Court: Juveniles have the same rights as adults!rights as adults!

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

• Supreme Court rules:

• Violates the

New JerseyNew Jersey

• Agency:Agency:NJ________________________________NJ________________________________

– Emphasizes accountability and offers programs to Emphasizes accountability and offers programs to create independent, productive and law abiding create independent, productive and law abiding citizens.citizens.

– DIVERSION: ___________________________DIVERSION: ___________________________

• Top Juvenile crime in NJ: _______________Top Juvenile crime in NJ: _______________• Juveniles: 59% of ___________arrestsJuveniles: 59% of ___________arrests

R.I.C.OR.I.C.O• RICO =RICO =

• 1970: RICO created to break up 1970: RICO created to break up __________________________________________________________________________

• MAFIA bosses did not ever directly commit MAFIA bosses did not ever directly commit crime. HOW DO YOU PROSECUTE THEM?crime. HOW DO YOU PROSECUTE THEM?