unit 2 vocabulary. agrarian a society mainly based on agriculture
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 2 VOCABULARY
Agrarian
• A society mainly based on agriculture
Urbanization
• The process of people moving to cities and building larger cities.
Industrial Revolution
• The movement that caused people to begin to use machinery and factories to manufacture goods.
Before and After—Industrial Revolution (Section 4)
Before Industrial Revolution After Industrial Revolution
Most people lived in countryside Most people lived in cities
No pollution Air Pollution, water pollution
Move goods by ship or cart Move goods by ship or train
Build using wood Build using steel
Buildings were only a few stories high Taller buildingseventually skyscrapersMost people are farmers Most people are factory or mine workers
Most household goods are home-made or expensive
Household goods are available to everyone relatively inexpensively
Everything done by hand—takes a long time
Many things done by machines—much more efficient
Land only cleared for farms, few forests cleared
Wide-spread deforestation, many forests cleared for mines, cities, farms, etc.
• With a partner at your table, you need to produce the table of pre and post Industrial Revolution. You will be graded on the following:– A: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student
used less than 10 words.– B: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student
used less than 20 words.– C: At least 7 of the ideas are present, and student
used less than 30 words.
ASSIGNMENT
Steam Engine
• The invention that made it possible for industrialization to take place
Subsistence Farming
• Growing just enough food for yourself and your family to survive.
How did Britain change because Of the Industrial Revolution?
Manufacture
• The process of making raw materials (resources) into a useful item.
Mass Production
• The process of making large quantities of the same or similar items for sale.
Factory
• An industrial facility where large amounts of items are mass-produced.
Inventor Invention Impact on Modern Society (what we have because of
this invention)
James Watt First Reliable Steam EngineCars, Electric power plants, Factory
Equipment, Trains
Eli WhitneyCotton Gin, Interchangeable parts for
musketsRepeating Rifle, farm equipment,
helped end slavery
Robert FultonRegular Steamboat service on the Hudson
RiverPublic transportation, Motor
Powered ships (no sails)
Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph Phone, Internet, Telecommunciation
Elias Howe Sewing MachineMass production of clothing (in
factories)
Isaac SingerImproves and markets Howe's Sewing
MachineAbility to make clothing at home with
a machine
Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable Communication between Europe and USA in 5 minutes (instead of waiting
5 weeks for a round trip boat)
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone Telephone, Cellular Phone
Thomas Edison Phonograph, Incandescant Light Bulb Video, Electric lights, Electricity in every home
Nikola Tesla Induction Electric Motor Mass-production of Electricity
Rudolf Diesel Diesel EngineSemi-Trucks, Construction
Equipment, Cars
Colony
• A region that is ruled by another country, but does not have the same laws or privileges as that country.
Empire
• A mother country and all of it’s colonies.
Colonialism
• The time when European countries tried to gain new colonies in other parts of the world. (Also Age of Imperialism)
Direct Rule
• The policy of France and other countries where they completely controlled everything that happened in their colonies.
Indirect Rule
• The policy of England and other countries where colonies largely ruled themselves as long as they benefitted the mother country.
Direct Rule vs. Indirect RuleIndirect Rule Direct Rule
*Local Government’s used *Foreign officials brought in to rule
*Limited self-rule *No self-rule
*Goal: Develop future leaders in the colony
*Goal: Get the colonies to adjust to European culture
*Government based on Europe, but included local influences
*Government based only on European styles
*British *French
Reading a Political Cartoon
• Step #1: Who are the people or countries shown? (HINT: Look for labels or distinct features)
• Step #2: Where is the picture happening?• Step #3: Is the message positive or negative?• Step #4: What is the main idea of this cartoon
(What message is the artist trying to send?)
• USE THESE STEPS FOR THE NEXT 4 SLIDES
CREATE YOUR OWN
• Now it’s your turn to make your own political cartoons. Here are the main ideas you need to get across in your political cartoon:– #1: Great Britain should stay out of our country.– #2: Colonies are being abused.– #3: Monarchy is too old and doesn’t work in today’s
world.– #4: Colonies only exist to make people in Europe
lazy and rich.– #5: ???? Whatever you want. Be creative!
Communism
• An economic and governmental system based on state ownership of assets
Capitalism
• An economic system based on individual ownership of assets
Proletariat
• Karl Marx’s working class
Bourgeoisie
• Karl Marx’s middle class
Labor Unions
• Organizations that represent workers against factory owners or other company owners.
Monopoly
• One company that controls most or all of an industry
Regulation
• Government control of trade in order to prevent companies from taking advantage of buyers
Competition
• Companies working against each other to produce cheaper and better products
What does the chart show
About how people feel about
Labor unions?
Propaganda
• Information spread about someone or something that is usually untrue to make you believe something negative about them.
Abolitionist
• A person who works for the end of slavery
Apartheid
• An official policy of separation in South Africa during the 1950’s to 1990’s.
Civil Disobedience
• The belief started by Gandhi that people should disobey government laws if they don’t make sense for the people.
Segregation
• An official policy of separation based on a set of criteria.
Discrimination
• Choosing one thing over another based on a defined set of characteristics.
Boycott
• Refusing to buy a product to put pressure on the company to change a policy.