unit 2 the french revolution part 1: flirting with disaster
TRANSCRIPT
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UNIT 2
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Part 1: Flirting with Disaster
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A. Old Regime
• Old Regime – existing system of feudalism
• People divided into three estates, or classes
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THE FIRST ESTATEWHO: King and family
Church officials
HOW MANY: 1% of population
TAXES: Extremely minimal
DIVISIONS: Higher Clergy – Cardinals, bishops, etc.Lower Clergy – Priests
ACTIVIES: HC – Get fat off of people’s tithesLC – Work with people, say mass,
visit sick, talk to homeless
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THE SECOND ESTATEWHO: Nobles
Military officials
HOW MANY: 2% of population
TAXES: VERY minimal
DIVISIONS: None
ACTIVIES: See “higher clergy”Minimal administrative
duties
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THE THIRD ESTATE
WHO: Everyone else (Peasants, artisans, farmers, doctors, lawyers, merchants…)
HOW MANY: 97% of population
TAXES: YES! 50% to nobles, 10% tithe to church
DIVISIONS: Bourgeoisie – Artisans, doctors, lawyers
Other – Farmers, laborers,
peasants
ACTIVIES: Try to survive daily life
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Bourgeoisie• Middle class• Bankers, factory owners,
merchants, and skilled artisans
• Many were well educated• Believed in enlightenment
ideals such as liberty and equality
• Paid high taxes, and even though many were rich, they lacked the privileges that the 1st and 2nd estate had
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Third Estate (the workers)• Poorest group in 3rd estate• Worked in the cities• Laborers and trades people• Starving and poor• Would attack if they could
not afford bread• Resented the clergy
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Third Estate (Peasants)• Largest Group in 3rd estate,
nearly 80% of pop.
• Peasants paid nearly half of their income in taxes, most of which went to nobles and to the church.
• Growing resentment toward 1st and 2nd Estates
• Spreading of Enlightenment ideas
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1. Who is represented by each of the figures in this picture?2. How do you know who is represented?3. What is the picture telling you about the relationship between these people?4. Why might figures that are clothed be opposed to change?
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Tennis Court Oath – June 17, 1789
The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom, to effect the regeneration of the public order, and to maintain the true principles of monarchy; that nothing can prevent it from continuing its deliberations in whatever place it may be forced to establish itself; and, finally, that wheresoever its members are assembled, there is the National Assembly;
Decrees that all members of this Assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the kingdom is established and consolidated upon firm foundations; and that, the said oath taken, all members and each one of them individually shall ratify this steadfast resolution by signature.
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What now????
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Warm-up• Take map #2 quiz• Read the newspaper
account of the Storming of the Bastille and answer the questions that follow
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It’s time to storm the Bastille….
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UNIT 2
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Part 2: The Explosion
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The Bastille• Infamous Paris
prison• Mob storms the
Bastille to get supplies and gun powder
• Great symbol of Revolution
• Bastille Day July 14 – similar to July 4
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The Great Fear
• Senseless panic spread through France
• Peasants became mobs and terrorized nobles
• Peasants storm Versailles to attack the King and Queen
• Royal family flees and power is changing hands
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Congratulations…welcome to the National Assembly. Now solve the problems of France.
1. What rights should men have?
2. Should there be freedom of the press?
3. How do you deal with the fact that the mob has started running around and terrorizing nobles and merchants?
4. There are still lots of hungry people in Paris. What should we do about this?
5. What should we do with the royal family?
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How did they solve it?The Declaration of the Rights of Man
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But what about King Louis?
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From revolution to chaos
Begin working on checkpoint 2-2. This is due tomorrow and there will be a checkpoint quiz to go along with it. Take your time – there is a lot going on in this section.
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THE FRENCH REVOLUTION
Part 3: The Implosion
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Problem
• Now Jean-Paul Marat calls for the death of 200,000 enemies of the revolution. What now?
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Solution
1793 – Charlotte Corday kills Marat in his bath
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Problem
• What should we do with Marie Antoinette?
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Solution
Throw her in prison – for now
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Was the French Revolution a revolution of bread or ideas?
BREAD IDEAS
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NapoleonNapoleon and the French Revolution Video
A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte
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A. Napoleon Bonaparte
1769-born in Corsicamilitary school in
FranceJoins army of the
National AssemblyBecomes general of
the French Army in 1799
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B. Coup d'état 1. Coup d’etat =
overthrow the state
November 9, 1799Napoleon uses his
military success to overthrow the Directory
Believed the Directory was corrupt, did not promote the good of people
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November 10, 1799- French Consulate in place3 leaders called Consuls
1st Consul- Napoleon Bonaparte2nd Consul- Napoleon’s brother Lucien Bonaparte3rd Consul-former Director Sieyes
Napoleon drafts a new constitution
naming him as 1st consul of France for life…unbeknownst to the other consuls
2. French Consulate
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Plebiscite= vote of YES or NO on specific question
1800- plebiscite votes YES-1st Consul of France
1802-plebiscite votes YES-1st Consul of France for life
1804-plebiscite votes YES-
EMPEROR OF FRANCE
3. Napoleon becomes Emperor
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Napoleon's CoronationDecember 2,
1804 Napoleon’s
Coronation at
Notre Dame Cathedral
He crowns himself-big
controversy-WHY??
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C. Napoleon’s Achievements at Home
The Economy Gov & Society Religion
Goals of the Revolution
• Equal taxation
•Lower inflation
• Less gov’t corruption
•Equal opportunity in gov’t
• Less powerful Catholic Church
• Religious tolerance
Napoleon’s Actions
Results
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The Economy Gov & Society Religion
Goals of the Revolution
• Equal taxation
•Lower inflation
• Less gov’t corruption
•Equal opportunity in gov’t
• Less powerful Catholic Church
• Religious tolerance
Napoleon’s Actions
• fair tax code
•national bank
•stabilized currency
Results•stable economy
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The Economy Gov & Society Religion
Goals of the Revolution
• Equal taxation
•Lower inflation
• Less gov’t corruption
•Equal opportunity in gov’t
• Less powerful Catholic Church
• Religious tolerance
Napoleon’s Actions
• fair tax code
•national bank
•stabilized currency
• Appointed officials by merit (and fired bad ones)•Created schools (lycees)• Created Code of Laws
Results•stable economy
• Honest, competent officials•public education•equal opportunity in gov’t
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The Economy Gov & Society Religion
Goals of the Revolution
• Equal taxation
•Lower inflation
• Less gov’t corruption
•Equal opportunity in gov’t
•Less powerful Catholic Church
• Religious tolerance
Napoleon’s Actions
• fair tax code
•national bank
•stabilized currency
• Appointed officials by merit (and fired bad ones)•Created schools (lycees)• Created Code of Laws
•Catholicism = national religion• Signed concordat with Pope •Kept Church lands
Results•stable economy
• Honest, competent officials•public education•equal opportunity in gov’t
•Religious tolerance•Gov’t control of Church lands•Gov’t recognition of Church influence
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Military geniusExpert in use of artilleryDeveloped innovative artillery strategy still in
use todayFather of modern artillery warfare
D. Military Mastermind
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Napoleon quickly forced his power across Europe
Battle of Austerlitz-December 1805Invaded AustriaForced emperor to make peace, formed
alliance
Battle of Jena-October 1806Invaded PrussiaForced King to make peace, formed alliance
Napoleon: The Conquerer
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Battle of Friedland: June 1807Fought in PolandAgainst RussiansForces Czar Alex I to the bargaining table
PEACE OF TILSITNapoleon can have western ½ of Poland and all of
EuropeAlex I can have eastern ½ of Poland and all Ottoman
EmpirePeaceful coexistenceNon-aggression Pact
Napoleon: The Conqueror
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Battle of Trafalgar: October 1805Massive naval battle against British Royal Navy GB lead by Admiral Horatio Nelson Fought off coast of SpainBig loss for NapoleonNelson shot by sniper and dies moments after
hearing the British won
This loss sets Napoleon on a obsessive mission to “get” Great Britain
Napoleon learns he's not invincible…
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Napoleon's Europe…where to next?
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VIDEO SEGMENT
Napoleon: Background
Napoleon: gaining power
Napoleon: in the military
Move to groups:
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In a small group, you will watch a video segment on Napoleon’s rise to power.
Each person chooses a character from Napoleon’s life – real (like his mother) or fictional (a classmate at military school).
Complete one card of notes on what that person would have thought of Napoleon
2 minute conversation from each group
How well do YOU know Napoleon?
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NapoleonNapoleon and the French Revolution Video
A revolution is an idea which has found its bayonets. Napoleon Bonaparte
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So where to? clip – not England, but Russia
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he becomes blinded by success and makes three decisive mistakes…1. Continental System2. The Peninsular War3. Invasion of Russia
Napoleon's ego gets in his way…
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Continental System (1806)
WHAT?: Continental blockade against Great Britain
WHY?: Cripple G.B.’s economy
RESULTS?: Backfires, Napoleon’s allies broke, starving
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Peninsular War(1808-1812)WHAT?: France invades Portugal/Spain
WHY?: Portugal leaves Continental System, Napoleon wants them back
RESULTS?: Spanish fight guerrilla war (led by British General Arthur Wellesley), France loses 300,000 soldiers
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Invasion of Russia (1812)WHAT?: Napoleon invades Russia with 500,000 soldiers from several countries
WHY?: Russians left Continental System
RESULTS?: Worst disaster in military history? Napoleon loses over 400K soldiers
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Europe has Napoleon at his weakest and decide to attack
Grand Alliance takes him on and winsExiled to Elba, but returns; Last 100 daysFinally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo by
WellingtonExiled again…but much further away—St.
HelenaDies on the island in 1821
Why didn’t they just kill him?
B. Kick him when he's down…
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C. What now? Congress of Vienna (1814-1815)
AGENDA: Restore order and stability in Europe
4 weeks of meetings turned into 8 months
Ring Leader and HostKlemens von Metternich –
Foreign Minister of AustriaPut down the “Experiments
of Democracy”Major conservativeWants to restore all rightful
monarchs to the throne
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Three Major Goals1. Encirclement of France
Strengthen countries around France Prevent French aggression
2. Balance of Power Strengthen weaker countries to offset
France’s size and power3. Legitimacy
Restore the monarchies deposed by Napoleon Uphold conservative political ideals
Metternich's Agenda
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1. Great Britain2. Austrian Empire3. Prussia4. Russia5. France
Was it right to keep France a great power?
Great Powers of Europe
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Sadly, all things, including Napoleon must come to an end. Your task for today is to write a eulogy for Napoleon (individually or in a pair). You should address: what you think are the three most important accomplishments of his life Evaluate his two largest failures Discuss what his legacy should be (how he should be remembered in history).
Drop all responses by the end of the block (possible weekly grade)
In the end….