NUTRITION

UNIT 2 NATURAL SCIENCE

HUMAN BEINGS

are living things

THEY PERFORM THREE VITAL FUNCTIONS

INTERACTION REPRODUCTIONNUTRITION

5 senses

Nervous System

Locomotor system

?

NUTRITIONIT IS A VITAL FUNCTION BY WHICH LIVING

THINGS OBTAIN/GET NUTRIENTS AND ENERGY TO GROW AND PERFORM THEIR

DAILY ACTIVITIES OBTAIN ENERGY

NUTRITIONDigestive system

It takes oxygen (O2) from the atmosphere and it

expels CO2.

Excretory system

Circulatory system

Respiratory system

It obtains/gets the nutrients that we need from food and drink

It gets rid of waste or unwanted substances

It transports/carries the nutrients and oxygen to our body cells. It also transports

the CO2 and waste.

NUTRITIONENERGYFOOD

(NUTRIENTS)

OXYGENCARBON DIOXIDE

EAT WELL AND HEALTHILYOur Digestive System BREAKS DOWN the food in

smaller pieces called NUTRIENTS

CARBOHYDRATES

FATS PROTEINS

VITAMINS

A good diet should provide us with all these nutrients in a right quantity

http://www.mcdonalds.ca/ca/en/menu/full_menu/sandwiches.html

WHERE AND HOW CAN WE FIND INFORMATION ABOUT THE FOOD WE EAT?

In the packaging you can find nutritional

contents of that food

ENERGY

NUTRIENTS

FOOD PYRAMID

Why is important to eat well and healthily?

To grow well and to be stronger

To prevent from suffering mental and physical

diseases such as: obesity, heart attacks, anorexia,

bulimia...

What effects can smoking and pollution have in our body?

Respiratory Illnesses such as Bronchitis

and Lung Cancer

What effects can DRUGS have in our body?

DRUGS can interfere in the right functioning of

the BRAIN

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

FOOD NUTRIENTS

Substances that come from food which living things need in order to live and grow (energy)

It’s a group of organs in the body that extract nutrients from food and expel/get rid of undigested waste

CARBOHYDRATES VITAMINS

FATSPROTEINS

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Salivary gland Pharynx

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small IntestineLarge Intestine

Liver

Gallbladder

RectumAnus

Epiglottis

Pancreas

VOCABULARY

CRUSH

CHEW

TRIGGER

SWALLOW To press something with force that destroy it

To Masticate. An action done by your gums and teeth to

crush the food

CHEWING GUM

To provoque, to cause…

To take (food or drink) down your throat with a muscular

action

SQUEEZETo compress something

DIGESTIONOur smell sense triggers the

production of saliva. It’s help the teeth to crush food

as we chew. The tongue shape the food into a ball

called bolus

When we swallow the bolus passes into the oesophagus

(tubes that links the pharynx with the stomach). There is a flap called epiglottis, which

prevent food from going down into the windpipe (trachea)

and into the lungs. The muscles of the oesophagus

squeeze the food to the stomach.The stomach (main role)

breaks down food using its strong muscular walls and producing gastric juices

which mix with the bolus and kill harmful bacteria (quimo)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QvGYvK6qScE

CHOKE: When the airway is blocked you will choke, won’t breath

DIGESTION

In the small intestine, the tiny pieces of food mix with bile (produced by liver) and pancreatic juices (produced by

pancreas). They break down it into nutrients. These nutrients pass

through its walls and are absorbed into the blood

The waste that our body doesn’t need passes to

the large intestine. Here, water is absorbed into

the blood. The solid waste leaves our body

through the anus.

DIGESTION1ST ORGANISATION

2nd KEY VOCABAULRY: ACCURACY

Bile, pancreatic juices, swallow, trigger, crush, teeth...?

3rd GRAMMAR

3rd person

Spelling mistakes

Do the lungs have the same size? Why?

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMBLOOD

(nutrients and oxygen)

BLOOD VESSELS(carry it)

HEART (pump the blood)

CIRCULATIONconnect the heart with

The LUNGS The rest of the body

CIRCULATORY SYSTEMDELIVERS/CARRIES/DISTRIBUTES

BLOOD

THE BODY’S TISSUES

TO

NETWORK (interconnected system)

OF BLOOD VESSELS

THROUGH A

BLOODBLOOD IS CARRIED BY BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES, VEINS AND CAPILLARES).

PLASMA: Is 90% water. It carries the nutrients, waste products and other substances

BLOOD VESSEL (vaso sanguíneo)

BLOOD IS A LIQUID SUBSTANCE MADE UP OF:

RED BLOOD CELLS: Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Give blood its colour.

WHITE BLOOD CELLS: Fight infeccions. They absorb and kill germs and bacteria which enter the body.

PLATELETS (Plaquetas): Join together when the body loses blood to help stop bleeding.

IMAGINE

BLOOD VESSEL AND PLASMA

RED BLOOD CELLS

WHITE BLOOD CELLS

PLATELETS

BLOOD

WHEN WE LOSE BLOOD WE ARE BLEEDING

BLEED

BLOOD VESSELSARTERY (RED): CARRY BLOOD FROM THE HEART THE REST OF THE BODY. THEY TAKE THE BLOOD AWAY

VEIN (BLUE): CARRY/BRING BLOOD BLACK TO THE HEART. TOWARDS THE HEART.

CAPILLARIES: Tiny blood vessels where nutrients and gases can easily pass

through them to the cells.

HEARTRIGHT SIDE OF OUR BODY? LEFT SIDE OF OUR BODY?

HEART

Each half is divided in two chambers. The one at the top is called atria or atrium (aurícula) and the other chamber at the bottom is called ventricle (ventrículo).

The atrium and the ventricle of the same side are separated by a valve.

The heart is divided in two halves by a thick and elastic muscular wall. Left side (red half) and right side (blue part).

Atriums receive blood coming into the heart. Ventricles pump the blood out of the heart.

ATRIUM

VENTRICLE

TRICUSPID

MITRAL

RIGHT SIDE

LEFT SIDE

HEART

Right ventricle

Right atrium

LEFT ventricle

Superior VENA CAVA

InferiorVENA CAVA

AORTA ARTERY

PULMONARY VEIN (oxygenated blood comes back to the

heart)

LEFT atrium

PULMONARY ARTERY (deoxygenated blood goes to lungs)

CIRCULATIONBlood flows around the body in a

doble circuit

PULMONARY CIRCULATION

Blood flows from the HEART to the LUNGS and back to the heart

again

SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Blood flows from the HEART to the REST OF THE BODY and back

to the heart

CIRCULATIONPulmonary circulation

Deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Blood leaves the heart via pulmonary artery to the lungs.

In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and collects oxygen. Blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins

CIRCULATIONSYSTEMIC circulation

Oxygenated blood passes from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Blood is pumped

through the biggest artery in the body called AORTA, to the rest

of the body

AORTA carries the blood into small arteries and then to

capillaries (O2 and nutrients exchange)

Deoxygenated blood passes to the veins and

they carry the bood back to the heart and

the process begins again

CIRCULATION

ENERGYFOOD (NUTRIENTS)

OXYGENCARBON DIOXIDE

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

TO OBTAIN/GET OXYGEN (O2) FROM THE ATMOSPHERE AND GET RID OF CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

URINE

PEE

URINATE TO PISS/PEE

EXCRET

ELIMINATE

FORMAL INFORMAL/SLANG

SWEAT

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:Urinary System

URINEIt’s a yellowish liquid made up

of water and waste products excreted by our

kidneys

two bean-shaped organs that filter/eliminate waste from the blood

and produce urine

two thin tubes that take pee from the kidney to the bladder

a sack that holds/stores pee until it's time to go to the bathroom

the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body when you pee

KIDNEYS

BLADDER

URETER

URETHRA

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM: Urinary System

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM:Sweating