unit 14 circulatory and respiratory systems it is infinitely better to transplant a heart than to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Unit 14 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
It is infinitely better to transplant a heart than to bury it to be devoured by worms.
-Dr. Christiaan Barnard
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Functions of the Circulatory System
• The Circulatory system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body.
• It removes wastes from tissues and transports them to organs that will dispose of them.
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Heart Muscle layer is called the myocardium
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Coronary circulation Two vessels branching from the aorta.
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Heart Attack
• Myocardial Infarction occurs when a vessel is plugged.
• The muscle downstream from the vessels is starved of oxygen and starts to die.
• Prompt medical attention can limit the damage and decrease recovery time.
• The damaged muscle is replaced by connective tissue.
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Sinoatrial node and action potential
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xUifyll2Oc
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Blood Pressure
• Two numbers are read, systolic and diastolic.
• The upper number (systolic), measures the pressure of the blood when the heart is contracting.
• The lower number measures the pressure on the heart between beats when it is resting.
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Blood Pressure
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWti317qb_w
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Lymph System
• Primary functions are to drain and return interstitial fluid to the blood.
• To absorb and return lipids from the digestive system to the blood
• Filter the fluid of pathogens, damaged cells, debris and cancerous cells
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Atherosclerosis
• Hardening of the arteries occurs when fat, cholesterol and other substances build up on the walls of arteries.
• This build up forms hard structures called plaques.
• Over time these plaques can block the arteries.
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Stroke
• A stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain stops.
• Brain cells that need the oxygen and nutrients to survive will quickly die.
• A blocked artery results in an ischemic stroke.
• An artery the bursts is called a hemorrhagic stroke
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Hypertension
• When pressure is over 140/90.
• Can be without symptoms for years.
• High cholesterol can be a contributing factor.
• The situation can be a vicious circle of damaged arteries becoming stiffer leading to higher blood pressure
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Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a lipid that is part of animal cell membranes.
• It is also used in the synthesis of hormones, bile and Vitamin D.
• It is transported in the blood by either low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
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HDL and LDL
• HDL – high density lipoprotein.
• LDL – low density lipoprotein.
• LDL is a problem because it becomes part of plaque.
• HDL transports excess cholesterol from tissues to the liver for removal.
• LDL should be <100 mg/dL
• HDL should be >50 mg/dL
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LDL receptor problem
• LDL receptors on liver cells take in LDL and the cholesterol they carry.
• Some people, genetically, have defective LDL receptors.
• So the liver can’t remove cholesterol from the blood and these liver cells don’t stop producing cholesterol.
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Diet caused problems
• People with high fat diets store excess cholesterol in their liver cells.
• Those cells stop making LDL receptors and removing cholesterol from blood.
• The excess cholesterol is then deposited in arteries.
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Respiratory System
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Medulla Oblongata controls breathing.Rising CO2 stimulates breathing center to send impulses to
diaphragm and chest muscle causing them to contract.
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Chronic bronchitis
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