positively infinitely variable transmission

8/12/2019 Positively Infinitely Variable Transmission

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Seminar Report 2007-2008 1

MAR ATHANASIUS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KOTHAMANGALAM

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SEMINAR REPORT

ON

POSITIVELY INFINITELY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION

SUBMITTED BY:

ARUN JOSE K A

ROLL NO: 10

S8 MA

2008

Department of Mechanical engineering MACE Kothamangalam


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ACKNOLEDGEMENT

'ir(t of a))* + than, T!e A"#i$!t% GOD who )e((e$ me to $ea) with thi( to&i!.

+ ta,e thi( o&&ort-nit to e/&re(( m (in!ere "ratit-$e to Pr&f'Re(i Mat!e)*

Pr&f'De*i+raa- Var#a a.- Dr'Sa(i C'B* o-r (taff a$i(er( for a)) the he)& an$ "-i$an!e

ren$ere$ $-rin" the &re&aration of thi( (eminar re&ort.

+t i( in$ee$ a "reat &)ea(-re to than, Pr&f'Ra#a. Na#/&&t!iri, #ea$ of the %e&artment

of Me!hani!a) en"ineerin" for hi( hea)th !oo&eration an$ !on(tant en!o-ra"ement.

La(t* -t not the )ea(t* + wo-)$ )i,e to than, a)) m frien$( an$ we)) wi(her( who(e "oo$ wi))

he)&e$ me to ma,e thi( (eminar re&ort a rea)it.



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ABSTRACT

ontin-o-() 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion( a(e$ on e)t(* &-))e(* !one(* $i(!(* !o))e!tie) fri!tiontran(mi((ion(* (hare man of the $i(a$anta"e( of !onentiona) h$ra-)i! tran(mi((ion(. 34(

re5-ire !)-t!hin" me!hani(m(* h$ra-)i! &-m&( to !om&re(( 3 e)t( etween a$j-(ta)e &-))e(*

an$ a)) hae a)atie e)t(* no matter if the are !on(tr-!te$ from r-er or meta). 4he a$j-(ta)e

&-))e( wi)) "rin$ oth the e)t( an$ &-))e( (i$e(* more in &ro&ortion to the )oa$ motiate$.34( ten$ to e/&erien!e (ome ()i&&in" -n$er )oa$. P+3 4ran(mi((ion (ee,( to aoi$ fri!tion

re)in" -&on "ear( an$ !hain(. Po(itie) +nfinite) 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion i( a (te& )e(( (&ee$

!ontro). +t i( main) a !hain $rie. +t !ontain( (&ro!,et( whi!h are two &air( of whee)(. +t i(mo-nte$ on (&)ine$ (haft( whi!h are ra$i!a)) "rooe$ an$ !one (ha&e$. hain( are (-!h that

!hain )in,( !ontain (e)ftoothformin" har$ene$ (tee) ()at(. 4he(e ()at( !an moe (i$ewi(e. +t( ()i&

)e(( an$ ha( "ot man in$-(tria) a&&)i!ation( whi!h wi)) e $i(!-((e$.



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Seminar Report 2007-2008

CONTENTS

1. +ntro$-!tion

2. ontin-o-() 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion 6347

. oner(ion of a 34 into an +349. +nfinite) 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion

. Po(itie) +nfinite) 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion

;. on!)-(ion


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Seminar Report 2007-2008 !

0' INTRODUCTION

After more than a !ent-r of re(ear!h an$ $ee)o&ment* the "ear tran(mi((ion i( nearin"

oth &erfe!tion an$ o(o)e(!en!e: en"ineer( !ontin-e to e/&)ore the o-ter )imit( ofeffi!ien! an$ &erforman!e. Attem&t( hae een ma$e to oer!ome the(e )imitation(

thro-"h re&)a!in" the (o-r!e( of fri!tion with me!hani(m( to $-&)i!ate their

f-n!tion(. 4hi( )ea$( to the $ee)o&ment of P+3. P+3 i( an infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ionwhi!h i( a (- !ate"or of !ontin-o-() aria)e tran(mi((ion* whi!h ha( "ot man

in$-(tria) a&&)i!ation( e(&e!ia)) in 4e/ti)e +n$-(trie(* Pa!,a"in" = orr-"atin" +n$-(trie(*

'oo$ Pro!e((in" +n$-(trie(* R-er Ma!hiner* Rotar Printin" Ma!hiner* an$ hemi!a) =

Pharma!e-ti!a)(. +t i( a (te& )e(( (&ee$ !ontro). +t i( main) a !hain $rie. +t !ontain((&ro!,et( whi!h are two &air( of whee)(. +t i( mo-nte$ on (&)ine$ (haft( whi!h are ra$i!a))

"rooe$ an$ !one (ha&e$. hain( are (-!h that !hain )in,( !ontain (e)ftoothformin"

har$ene$ (tee) ()at(.

1' CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 2CVT3

After more than a !ent-r of re(ear!h an$ $ee)o&ment* the interna) !om-(tion 6+7

en"ine i( nearin" oth &erfe!tion an$ o(o)e(!en!e: en"ineer( !ontin-e to e/&)ore the o-ter)imit( of + effi!ien! an$ &erforman!e* -t a$an!ement( in f-e) e!onom an$ emi((ion(

hae effe!tie) (ta))e$. >hi)e man + ehi!)e( meet Low Emi((ion( 3ehi!)e (tan$ar$(*

the(e wi)) "ie wa to new* (tri!ter "oernment re"-)ation( in the er near f-t-re. >ith)imite$ room for im&roement* a-tomoi)e man-fa!t-rer( hae e"-n f-))(!a)e

$ee)o&ment of a)ternatie &ower ehi!)e(. Sti))* man-fa!t-rer( are )oath to (!ra& a !ent-r

of $ee)o&ment an$ i))ion( or &o((i) een tri))ion( of $o))ar( in + infra(tr-!t-re*

e(&e!ia)) for te!hno)o"ie( with no hi(tor of !ommer!ia) (-!!e((. 4h-(* the i$ea) interim(o)-tion i( to f-rther o&timi?e the oera)) effi!ien! of + ehi!)e(.

One &otentia) (o)-tion to thi( f-e) e!onom $i)emma i( the !ontin-o-() aria)e

tran(mi((ion 6347* an o)$ i$ea that ha( on) re!ent) e!ome a a(tion of ho&e toa-toma,er(. 34( !o-)$ &otentia)) a))ow + ehi!)e( to meet the fir(t wae of new f-e)

re"-)ation( whi)e $ee)o&ment of hri$ e)e!tri! an$ f-e) !e)) ehi!)e( !ontin-e(. Rather

than (e)e!tin" one of fo-r or fie "ear(* a 34 !on(tant) !han"e( it( "ear ratio to o&timi?een"ine effi!ien! with a &erfe!t) (mooth tor5-e(&ee$ !-re. 4hi( im&roe( oth "a(

mi)ea"e an$ a!!e)eration !om&are$ to tra$itiona) tran(mi((ion(.

4he f-n$amenta) theor ehin$ 34( ha( -n$enia)e &otentia)* -t )a/ f-e) re"-)ation(an$ oomin" (a)e( in re!ent ear( hae "ien man-fa!t-rer( a (en(e of !om&)a!en!: if

!on(-mer( are -in" mi))ion( of !ar( with !onentiona) tran(mi((ion(* wh (&en$ i))ion(

to $ee)o& an$ man-fa!t-re 34(@

A)tho-"h 34( hae een -(e$ in a-tomoi)e( for $e!a$e(* )imite$ tor5-e !a&ai)itie(an$ 5-e(tiona)e re)iai)it hae inhiite$ their "rowth. 4o$a* howeer* on"oin" 34

re(ear!h ha( )e$ to eermore ro-(t tran(mi((ion(* an$ th-( eermore$ier(e a-tomotie

a&&)i!ation(. A( 34 $ee)o&ment !ontin-e(* man-fa!t-rin" !o(t( wi)) e f-rther re$-!e$an$ &erforman!e wi)) !ontin-e to in!rea(e* whi!h wi)) in t-rn in!rea(e the $eman$ for

f-rther $ee)o&ment. 4hi( !!)e of im&roement wi)) -)timate) "ie 34( a (o)i$

fo-n$ation in the wor)$( a-tomotie infra(tr-!t-re.



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1'0 Bac4$r&5.- a.- Hit&r%

4o (a that the !ontin-o-() aria)e tran(mi((ion 6347 i( nothin" new wo-)$ e a

"ro(( -n$er(tatement: Leonar$o $a 3in!i (,et!he$ hi( i$ea for 34 in 19B0. +n a-tomotie

a&&)i!ation(* 34( hae een aro-n$ near) a( )on" a( !ar( them(e)e(* an$ !ertain) a()on" a( !onentiona) a-tomati!(. Cenera) Motor( a!t-a)) $ee)o&e$ a f-)) toroi$a) 34 in

the ear) 1B0( an$ !on$-!te$ e/ten(ie te(tin" efore eent-a)) $e!i$in" to im&)ement a

!onentiona)* (te&&e$"ear a-tomati! $-e to !o(t !on!ern(. Cenera) Motor( Re(ear!h

wor,e$ on 34( a"ain in the 1B;0(* -t none eer (aw &ro$-!tion . Driti(h man-fa!t-rerA-(tin -(e$ a 34 for (eera) ear( in one of it( (ma))er !ar(* -t it wa( $ro&&e$ $-e to it(

hi"h !o(t* &oor re)iai)it* an$ ina$e5-ate tor5-e tran(mi((ionF . Man ear) 34( -(e$ a

(im&)e r-er an$ an$ !one ((tem* )i,e the one $ee)o&e$ %-t!h firm %af in 1B8. #oweer* the 34 !o-)$ on) han$)e a 0.; L en"ine* an$ &ro)em( with noi(e an$ ro-"h

(tart( h-rt it( re&-tation. Unin(&ire$ the(e ear) fai)-re(* a-toma,er( hae )ar"e)

aoi$e$ 34( -nti) er re!ent)* e(&e!ia)) in the Unite$ State(.

1'1 CVT T!e&r% a.- Dei$.

4o$a( a-tomoi)e( a)mo(t e/!)-(ie) -(e either a !onentiona) man-a) or a-tomati!

tran(mi((ion with m-)ti&)e &)anetar "ear (et( that -(e inte"ra) !)-t!he( an$ an$( to

a!hiee $i(!rete "ear ratio(F . A t&i!a) a-tomati! -(e( fo-r or fie (-!h "ear(* whi)e aman-a) norma)) em&)o( fie or (i/. 4he !ontin-o-() aria)e tran(mi((ion re&)a!e(

$i(!rete "ear ratio( with infinite) a$j-(ta)e "earin" thro-"h one of (eera) a(i! 34

$e(i"n(.

P-(h De)t 4hi( mo(t !ommon t&e of 34 -(e( (e"mente$ (tee) )o!,( (ta!,e$ on a (tee) rion* a((hown in 'i"-re 617. 4hi( e)t tran(mit( &ower etween two !oni!a) &-))e(* or (heae(* one

fi/e$ an$ one moa)e . >ith a e)t $rie:

+n e((en!e* a (en(or rea$( the en"ine o-t&-t an$ then e)e!troni!a)) in!rea(e( or $e!rea(e(the $i(tan!e etween &-))e(* an$ th-( the ten(ion of the $rie e)t. 4he !ontin-o-()



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!han"in" $i(tan!e etween the &-))e(Gtheir ratio to one anotherGi( ana)o"o-( to (hiftin"

"ear(. P-(he)t 34( were fir(t $ee)o&e$ $e!a$e( a"o* -t new a$an!e( in e)t $e(i"n

hae re!ent) $rawn the attention of a-toma,er( wor)$wi$e.

4oroi$a) 4ra!tion%rie

4he(e tran(mi((ion( -(e the hi"h (hear (tren"th of i(!o-( f)-i$( to tran(mit tor5-eetween an in&-t tor-( an$ an o-t&-t tor-(. A( the moa)e tor-( ()i$e( )inear)* the an")e

of a ro))er !han"e( re)atie to (haft &o(ition* a( (een in 'i"-re 627. 4hi( re(-)t( in a !han"e in

"ear ratio.

3aria)e %iameter E)a(tomer De)t 4hi( t&e of 34* a( re&re(ente$ in 'i"-re 627* -(e( a f)at* f)e/i)e e)t mo-nte$ on

moa)e (-&&ort(. 4he(e (-&&ort( !an !han"e ra$i-( an$ th-( "ear ratio. #oweer* the

(-&&ort( (e&arate at hi"h "ear ratio( to form a $i(!ontin-o-( "ear &ath* a( (een in 'i"-re 67.4hi( !an )ea$ to the &ro)em( with !ree& an$ ()i& that hae &)a"-e$ 34( for ear( .

4hi( inherent f)aw ha( $ire!te$ re(ear!h an$ $ee)o&ment towar$ &-(h e)t 34(.

1'6 I.!ere.t A-*a.ta$e 7 Be.efit

ertain)* the !)-n, of a (hiftin" tran(mi((ion i( fami)iar to a)) $rier(. D !ontra(t* a!ontin-o-() aria)e tran(mi((ion i( &erfe!t) (moothGit nat-ra)) !han"e( "ear(F

$i(!reet) an$ min-te) (-!h that the $rier or &a((en"er fee)( on) (tea$ a!!e)eration. +n



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Seminar Report 2007-2008 "

theor* a 34 wo-)$ !a-(e )e(( en"ine fati"-e an$ wo-)$ e a more re)ia)e tran(mi((ion*

a( the har(hne(( of (hift( an$ $i(!rete "ear( for!e the en"ine to r-n at a )e((thano&tima)

(&ee$. Moreoer* 34( offer im&roe$ effi!ien! an$ &erforman!e. 4a)e 617 e)ow (how( the

&ower tran(mi((ion effi!ien! of a t&i!a) fie(&ee$ a-tomati!* i.e. the &er!enta"e of

en"ine &ower tran()ate$ thro-"h the tran(mi((ion. 4hi( ie)$( an aera"e effi!ien! of 8;H*!om&are$ to a t&i!a) man-a) tran(mi((ion with B


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34 tor5-e han$)in" !a&ai)it i( )imite$ the (tren"th of their tran(mi((ion me$i-m

6-(-a)) a e)t or !hain7* an$ their ai)it to with(tan$ fri!tion wear etween tor5-e

(o-r!e an$ tran(mi((ion me$i-m for fri!tion$rien 34(. 34( in &ro$-!tion &rior to 200are &re$ominant) e)t or !hain $rien an$ therefore t&i!a)) )imite$ to )ow &owere$ !ar(

an$ other )i"ht $-t a&&)i!ation(. Unit( -(in" a$an!e$ )-ri!ant(* howeer* hae een

&roen to (-&&ort an amo-nt of tor5-e in &ro$-!tion ehi!)e(* in!)-$in" that -(e$ for -(e(*hea tr-!,(* an$ earth moin" e5-i&ment.

De!a-(e a-tomotie 34( are a-tomati!* the are (ti"mati?e$ in (ome re"ion( whi)e

a-tomati! tran(mi((ion( are !ommon in the Ameri!a(* &)a!e( (-!h a( (o-thern E-ro&e $o not

"enera)) a!!e&t a-tomati! tran(mi((ion( of an ,in$. Ja&an with it( "enera)) (ma))er !ar(an$ (to&an$"o traffi!* ha( &roen a m-!h etter mar,et for 34 $rien !ar(.

1'8 A++"icati&.

4ra!tor( j-(t a( !ar( hae the nee$ for a f)e/i)e ((tem to !one &ower from their

en"ine to their whee)(. 4he .3.4. wi)) &roi$e j-(t thi( an$ at hi"h f-e) (ain"( with )ow

atmo(&heri! &o))-tion.

Co)f art( (tan$ to enefit from the .3.4. a( we)) in the wa e)e!tri! !ar( $o. that i(:

Lar"e ran"e of (&ee$(* )on"er $riin" ran"e etween !har"e(* 'ewer atterie(* )owermaintenan!e !o(t* )e(( wei"ht.

Motori?e$ >hee)!hair(. Datter r-n* (&ee$ !ontro))e$ a rheo(tat. Coin" -& a ram&

()ow) !a-(e( a $ro& in &ower 6when it( mo(t nee$e$7. .3.4. i( a form of tran(mi((ion*

)ower (&ee$ mean( MORE PO>ER. Di!!)e(. Eer tr to (hift "ear( whi)e &e$a)in" -&hi))@ Coo$ new( the K+NES+S .3.4.

wi)) a-tomati!a)) (e)e!t the a&&ro&riate for the (it-ation "ear ratio. No ha(()e* no tro-)e.

En$ of (tor. Power too)( an$ ho-(eho)$ a&&)ian!e(* that ar from en!h to& $ri))( to wa(h ma!hine(

an$ )en$er( nee$ to $e&art from the !ent-rie( o)$ e)t an$ &-))e !onfi"-ration for(moother o&eration an$ more re)iai)it.

+n$-(tria) E5-i&ment an$ &ro$-!tion ma!hiner often -(e either "ear( or !-mer(ome

e)t an$ &-))e !onfi"-ration(. .3.4. !an $o awa with a)) that an$ a$$itiona)) "ie them

infinite ratio(.

Mini ma!hine( Sma)) $ei!e( that nee$ to o&erate in a wi$e ran"e of (&ee$(* a( the nee$ari(e(. O-r -ni5-e $e(i"n a))ow( the &ro$-!tion of an ine/&en(ie miniat-re .3.4. to

ena)e them $o j-(t tho(e.

1'9 C!a""e.$e 7 Li#itati&.

34 $ee)o&ment ha( &ro"re((e$ ()ow) for a ariet of rea(on(* -t m-!h of the $e)a

in $ee)o&ment !an e attri-te$ to a )a!, of $eman$: !onentiona) man-a) an$ a-tomati!tran(mi((ion( hae )on" offere$ (-ffi!ient &erforman!e an$ f-e) e!onom. 4h-(* &ro)em(

en!o-ntere$ in 34 $ee)o&ment -(-a)) (to&&e$ (ai$ &ro"re((. %e(i"ner( hae

-n(-!!e((f-)) trie$ to $ee)o& a 34Q that !an mat!h the tor5-e !a&a!it* effi!ien!* (i?e*wei"ht* an$ man-fa!t-rin" !o(t of (te&ratio tran(mi((ion(F. One of the major !om&)aint(

with &reio-( 34( ha( een ()i&&a"e in the $rie e)t or ro))er(.

4hi( i( !a-(e$ the )a!, of $i(!rete "ear teeth* whi!h form a ri"i$ me!hani!a)

!onne!tion etween to "ear( fri!tion $rie( are inherent) &rone to ()i&* e(&e!ia)) at hi"h



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tor5-e. >ith ear) 34( of the 1B0( an$ 1B;0(* en"ine( e5-i&&e$ with 34( wo-)$ r-n at

e/!e((ie) hi"h RPM trin" to !at!h -&F to the ()i&&in" e)t. 4hi( wo-)$ o!!-r an time

the ehi!)e wa( a!!e)erate$ from a (to& at &ea, tor5-e: 'or !om&re((ie e)t(* in the&ro!e(( of tran(mittin" tor5-e* mi!ro ()i& o!!-r( etween the e)ement( an$ the &-))e(. 4hi(

mi!ro ()i& ten$( to in!rea(e (har&) on!e the tran(mitte$ tor5-e e/!ee$( a !ertain a)-e F

'or man ear(* the (im&)e (o)-tion to thi( &ro)em ha( een to -(e 34( on) in !ar(with re)atie) )owtor5-e en"ine(. Another (o)-tion i( to em&)o a tor5-e !onerter 6(-!h

a( tho(e -(e$ in !onentiona) a-tomati!(7* -t thi( re$-!e( the 34( effi!ien!.

Perha&( more than anthin" e)(e* 34 $ee)o&ment ha( een hin$ere$ !o(t. Low

o)-me an$ a )a!, of infra(tr-!t-re hae $rien -& man-fa!t-rin" !o(t(* whi!h ineita)ie)$ hi"her tran(mi((ion &ri!e(. >ith in!rea(e$ $ee)o&ment* mo(t of the(e &ro)em( !an

e a$$re((e$ (im&) im&roement( in man-fa!t-rin" te!hni5-e( an$ materia)(

&ro!e((in". 'or e/am&)e* Ni((an( E/troi$ i( $erie$ from a !ent-ro)$ !on!e&t* &erfe!te$ mo$ern te!hno)o"* meta))-r"* !hemi(tr* e)e!troni!(* en"ineerin"* an$ &re!i(ion

man-fa!t-rin"F.

+n a$$ition* 34 !ontro) m-(t e a$$re((e$. Een if a 34 !an o&erate at the o&tima)

"ear ratio at an (&ee$* how $oe( it ,nowF what ratio to (e)e!t@ Man-a) tran(mi((ion( haeman-a) !ontro)(* where the $rier (hift( when he or (he (o $e(ire( a-tomati! tran(mi((ion(

hae re)atie) (im&)e (hiftin" a)"orithm( to a!!ommo$ate etween three an$ fie "ear(.#oweer* 34( re5-ire far more !om&)e/ a)"orithm( to a!!ommo$ate an infinite $ii(ion

of (&ee$( an$ "ear ratio(.

1' CVT Varietie

Seera) other t&e( of 34( hae een $ee)o&e$ oer the !o-r(e of a-tomotie hi(tor*

-t the(e hae e!ome )e(( &rominent than &-(h e)t an$ toroi$a) 34(. A m-tatin" tra!tion

$rie -(e( a &iotin"* !oni!a) (haft to !han"e "ear(F in a 34. A( the !one( !han"e an")e*the in)et ra$i-( $e!rea(e( whi)e the o-t)et ra$i-( in!rea(e(* or i!e er(a* re(-)tin" in an

infinite) aria)e "ear ratio. A aria)e "eometr 34 -(e( a$j-(ta)e &)anetar "ear(et(to !han"e "ear ratio(* -t thi( i( more a,in to a f)e/i)e tra$itiona) tran(mi((ion than a!onentiona) 34.

1'; E


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6' CONVERSION OF A CVT INTO AN IVT

34( on) &roi$e &o(itie ratio(. 4herefore* a reer(e "ear an$ a !)-t!h 6or a tor5-e

!onerter7 i( ne!e((ar. +34( 6+nfinite) 3aria)e 4ran(mi((ion(7 &roi$e a f-)) ran"e of ratiofrom reer(e* thro-"h (tationar* an$ from e/treme) )ow (&ee$(* -& to hi"h oer$rie. 4he

en"ine i( &ermanent) !onne!te$ to whee)(. )-t!h an$ reer(e "ear are not re5-ire$.

'i" 9

A &)anetar "ear (et 6e&i!!)i!7 !an e -(e$ to !onert a 34 into a +34 &ower (&)it.4he&)anetar "ear (et (-tra!t( (ome RPM( from the 34 o-t&-t. 4h-(* the oera)) ratio (&rea$

!an e free) !-(tomi?e$.

4he &)anetar "ear (et form-)a:

>P 6%R %S7 T >R %R >S %S

6>: an"-)ar e)o!itie( %: &rimitie $iameter(7

.

'i" 34 with &)anetar "ear (et



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'i" ; 34 with e&i!!)i! "ear (et

6'0 Deter#i.ati&. &f IVT +ee-:

6>in T en"ine (&ee$ R!t T 34 ratio7>hat wi)) e the +34 oera)) ratio@

6Ratio( are in&-t (&ee$o-t&-t (&ee$ 7

6'1 Si< c/i.ati&. &f a CVT a.- a +"a.etar% $ear et:

+34 i( a !omination of 34 with an e&i!!)i! "ear ((tem 6&ower (&)it7.4he $ifferent

!omination( of a 34 an$ a &)anetar "ear (et are a( (hown e)ow. 4he in&-t !an e "ien to

&)anet(* (-n "ear or to rin" "ear an$ the o-t &-t !an a)(o e ta,en from the(e three "ear(. 4hein&-t an$ an$ the o-t&-t !an e inter!han"e$ (o that we !an "et (i/ $ifferent !omination for an

effe!tie +34.

'i" < %ifferent !omination of 34 an$ &)anetar "ear (et.



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8' INFINITELY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 2IVT3

A (&e!ifi! t&e of 34 i( the infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ion 6+347* in whi!h the ran"e ofratio( of o-t&-t (haft (&ee$ to in&-t (haft (&ee$ in!)-$e( a ?ero ratio that !an e !ontin-o-()

a&&roa!he$ from a $efine$ hi"her ratio. A ?ero o-t&-t (&ee$ with a finite in&-t (&ee$ im&)ie( an

infinite in&-ttoo-t&-t (&ee$ ratio* whi!h !an e !ontin-o-() a&&roa!he$ from a "ien finitein&-t a)-e with an +34. Low "ear( are a referen!e to )ow ratio( of o-t&-t (&ee$ to in&-t (&ee$.

4hi( ratio i( ta,en to the e/treme with +34(* re(-)tin" in a ne-tra)* or non$riin" )ow "ear

)imit* in whi!h the o-t&-t (&ee$ i( ?ero* a)tho-"h* -n)i,e ne-tra) in a norma) a-tomotie

tran(mi((ion* the o-t&-t tor5-e ma e non?ero: the o-t&-t (haft i( ri"i$) fi/e$ at ?ero (&ee$rather than ein" free) rotatin".

Mo(t +34( re(-)t from the !omination of a 34 with an e&i!!)i! "ear ((tem 6whi!h i( a)(o

,nown a( a &)anetar "ear ((tem7 whi!h enfor!e( an o-t&-t (haft rotation (&ee$ whi!h i( e5-a)to the $ifferen!e etween two other (&ee$(. +f the(e two other (&ee$( are the in&-t an$ o-t&-t of a

34* there !an e a (ettin" of the 34 that re(-)t( in an o-t&-t (&ee$ of ?ero. 4he ma/im-m

o-t&-tin&-t ratio !an e !ho(en from infinite &ra!ti!a) &o((ii)itie( thro-"h (e)e!tion of

a$$itiona) in&-t or o-t&-t "ear* &-))e or (&ro!,et (i?e( witho-t affe!tin" the ?ero o-t&-t or the!ontin-it of the who)e ((tem. 4he +34 i( a)wa( en"a"e$* een $-rin" it( ?ero o-t&-t

a$j-(tment.

+34( !an in (ome im&)ementation( offer etter effi!ien! when !om&are$ to other 34( a( inthe &referre$ ran"e of o&eration e!a-(e mo(t of the &ower f)ow( thro-"h the &)anetar "ear

((tem an$ not the !ontro))in" 34. 4or5-e tran(mi((ion !a&ai)it !an a)(o e in!rea(e$. 4here(

a)(o &o((ii)it to (ta"e &ower (&)it( for f-rther in!rea(e in effi!ien!* tor5-e tran(mi((ion!a&ai)it an$ etter maintenan!e of effi!ien! of a wi$e "ear ratio ran"e.

An e/am&)e of a tr-e +34 i( the #$ri(tor e!a-(e the front -nit !onne!te$ to the en"ine !an

$i(&)a!e from ?ero to 2< !-i! in!he( &er reo)-tion forwar$ an$ ?ero to 10 !-i! in!he( &erreo)-tion reer(e. 4he rear -nit i( !a&a)e of ?ero to


15/23


De!a-(e the +34 $oe( not hae $i(!rete ratio (te&( it !an r-n the en"ine at o&tim-m

!on$ition( for f-e) e!onom an$ emi((ion(.

'i" 8 An +34 Ma!hine

An +34 ma!hine in!)-$e( an in&-t (haft* a $rie whee) on the in&-t (haft* an o-t&-t (haft* a

ratio !han"in" $ei!e whi!h i( mo-nte$ on the o-t&-t (haft* an en$)e(( e)t whi!h &a((e( oer the$rie whee) an$ in an o&en )oo& on the ratio !han"in" $ei!e* !ontro) e)ement( for en)ar"in" an$

re$-!in" the e)t )oo& $imen(ion ao-t the o-t&-t (haft a/i(* e)t "-i$e e)ement( &roi$in" a

throat thro-"h whi!h the e)t enter( an$ )eae( it( )oo& on the ratio !han"in" $ei!e* an$ a $riearran"ement on the ratio !han"in" $ei!e for the tran(mi((ion of $rie &ower to the o-t&-t (haft

an$ i( en"a"e$ with the e)t in a &ortion of it( )oo& on the $ei!e an$ en"a"ea)e with the e)t on

oth (i$e( of the throat in it( tran(ition a!ro(( the throat $-rin" rotation of the ratio !han"in"$ei!e.

8'0 A-*a.ta$e:

1. +m&roe$ 4ran(mi((ion Ratio(2. Iero 4R witho-t ?ero in&-t

. Ne"atie 4R for reer(e

8' >i$er ran"e of 4R a)-e(

8'1 C+&.e.t:

1. 3De)t an$ P-))e 34

2. P)anetar Cear 4rain

. 'i/e$ Ratio Me!hani(m+n&-t Power i( S&)it thro-"h 34 to 'i/e$ Ratio Me!hani(m an$ P)anetar Cear



16/23

Seminar Report 2007-2008 1!

8'6 Pr&/"e# )it! c5rre.t IVT Dei$.:

+nterna)) )e(( effi!ient than man-a) an$ a-tomati! tran(mi((ion(

'ri!tion $rien !om&onent( for aria)e !ontro)

#i"h Lo((e( #i"h Stre((e(

Low %-rai)it

#i"h Maintenan!e

8'8 Pr&+&e- Dei$. =5a"itie:

U(e hi"h interna)) effi!ient !om&onent( to a!hiee tran(mi((ion ratio(

#ae two (e&arate &ower in&-t(

#ae oth &o(itie an$ ne"atie 6reer(e7 tran(mi((ion ratio( witho-t )ar"e !han"e in

aria)e !ontro))er (&ee$

E)iminate fri!tion $rien !om&onent(



17/23


9' POSITIVELY INFINITELY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 2PIV3

4he mo$ern nee$ for rotar motion tran(mi((ion $ei!e( ori"inate$ with the intro$-!tion of

interna) !om-(tion en"ine( &ro$-!in" narrow ran"e( of hi"h &ower o-t&-t. 4wo form( of

tran(mi((ion( a&&eare$: 617 infinite) aria)e tra!tion $ei!e(* an$ 627 "eare$ m-)ti&)eratio(hiftin" me!hani(m( oth form( e/&erien!e$ (erio-( )imitation(.

M-)ti&)eratio "ear o/e( re5-ire !)-t!hin" me!hani(m to interr-&t $rie !ontin-it $-rin"

ratio (hiftin". 4herefore* the(e me!hani(m( m-(t in!or&orate fri!tion !)-t!he( or f)-i$ tor5-e

!onerter( whi!h hae )imite$ )ife (&an(* wa(te "enerate$ ener"* an$ are me!hani!a)) !om&)e/.+nfinite) aria)e $ei!e( are &refera)e (in!e the are !a&a)e of ein" arie$ to the e/a!t

$e(ire$ ratio. 4herefore* effort( hae !ontin-e$ to &erfe!t the(e. +nitia) effort( in!)-$e$ a wi$e

ariet of fri!tion tra!tion $ei!e( -ti)i?in" whee)( ()i$in" a!ro(( $i(,( or !one(. Limitation( ofthe(e $ei!e( in!)-$e$ ra&i$ wear an$ )imite$ tra!tion &ro$-!in" (hort me!hani(m )ife(&an(.

Attem&t( hae een ma$e to oer!ome the(e )imitation( thro-"h re&)a!in" the (o-r!e(

of fri!tion with me!hani(m( to $-&)i!ate their f-n!tion(. 4hi( )ea$( to the $ee)o&ment of

P+3. +t i( a (te& )e(( (&ee$ !ontro). +t i( main) a !hain $rie. +t !ontain( (&ro!,et( whi!h are two

&air( of whee)(. +t i( mo-nte$ on (&)ine$ (haft( whi!h are ra$i!a)) "rooe$ an$ !one (ha&e$.hain( are (-!h that !hain )in,( !ontain (e)ftoothformin" har$ene$ (tee) ()at(. 4he(e ()at( !an

moe (i$ewi(e.

'i" B P+3 S&ee$ %rie



18/23


'i" 10 P+3 S&ee$ %rie(

9'0 S+ee- etti.$ a.- +ee- *ariati&.:

Ma/im-m S&ee$ Settin" a$j-(t( in&-t (haft whee)( !)o(e to"ether to form a )ar"e $riin"$iameter. 4hi( a-tomati!a)) (e&arate( o-t&-t (haft whee)( to form a (ma)) $rien $iameter.

Minim-m S&ee$ Settin" a$j-(t( in&-t (haft whee)( wi$e a&art to form a (ma)) $riin" $iameter.

4hi( a-tomati!a)) !)o(e( o-t&-t (haft whee)( to form a )ar"e $rien $iameter. #ere i( the P+3 hain $rie &o(itie &ower tran(mi((ion et infinite) aria)e rea))

(tee&)e( (&ee$ !ontro). 4he (&ro!,et( of the !hain $rie are two &air( of the !one (ha&e$ ra$ia))

"rooe$ whee)( mo-nte$ on (&)ine$ (haft(.

4he !hain i( ma$e from -ni5-e )in,( whi!h !ontain &a!,( of (e)f tooth formin" har$ene$(tee) ()at(. Ea!h ()at i( free to moe (i$ewi(e an$ !onform to the tooth (ha&e of the &aire$

(&ro!,et(.

>hen the &aire$ whee)( are far a&art the !hain a!t-a)) o&erate( aro-n$ a (ma)) $iameter.>hen the whee)( are !)o(e to"ether the !hain o&erate( aro-n$ a )ar"e $iameter.

4hi( &rin!i&)e arin" the $riin" an$ $rien $iameter( i( the &rin!i&)e on whi!h a)) aria)e

(&ee$ $rie( o&erate. On) the P+3 a&&)ie( the &rin!i&)e to a !hain $rie an$ th-( !omine(infinite) aria)e (&ee$ !ontro) with &o(itie &ower tran(mi((ion.

'i" 11 Minim-m S&ee$ Settin" 'i" Ma/im-m S&ee$ Settin"



19/23

Seminar Report 2007-2008 1"

9'1 O+erati.$ A-*a.ta$e:

4he P+3 !ant ()i&. 4he P+3 !an &roi$e a!!-rate (&ee$(* infinite) aria)e within the ran"e ofea!h -nit. 4hi( ma,e( the P+3 a -ni5-e aria)e (&ee$ tran(mi((ion* &arti!-)ar) -(ef-) where

$e)i!ate or (en(itie o&eration( are ino)e$.

Lon" $e&en$a)e )ife Pro&er $e(i"n an$ !aref-) man-fa!t-re of &art(* roa$ -(e of mana))o (tee)( heattreate$ for ma/im-m (tren"th an$ wear re(i(tan!e* an$ a-tomati! )-ri!ation

from a !ommon re(eroir* in(-re )on" )ife a( atte(te$ man P.L. +n(ta))ation( with oer 2

ear( of (eri!e.

Low maintenan!e re5-irement( Maintenan!e i( )imite$ to maintainin" !orre!t !hain ten(ionan$ oi) )ee).

An infinite n-mer of (&ee$( etween ma/im-m an$ minim-m (ettin"( !an e ea(i) otaine$

(im&) t-rnin" the !ontro) (!rew whi)e the P.13:i( o&eratin". V4he !ontro) (!rew ma a)(o ea!tiate$ man t&e( of a-tomati! !ontro)(.

9'6 PIV Acce&rie

+t i( main) a !hain $rie. +t !ontain( (&ro!,et( whi!h are two &air( of whee)(. +t i( mo-nte$ on(&)ine$ (haft( whi!h are ra$i!a)) "rooe$ an$ !one (ha&e$. hain( are (-!h that !hain )in,(

!ontain (e)ftoothformin" har$ene$ (tee) ()at(. 4he(e ()at( !an moe (i$ewi(e. hain )in,( !ontain( &a!,( of har$ene$ (tee) ()at( whi!h ()i$e free) from (i$e to (i$e to

!onform with "rooe( in the whee) fa!e(. 4hi( -ni5-e e"f f&r#i.$ t&&t! ca+a/i"it% re(-)t( in

&o(itie no ()i& tran(mi((ion an$ )on" !hain )ife.

'i" 12 P+3 hain

'i" 1 oni!a) %i(!

9'8 PIV Veritie:

Seera) other t&e( of P+3( hae een $ee)o&e$ oer the !o-r(e. 'o))owin" are (ome of thee/i(tin" new P+3 eritie(.



20/23


a3 D5a" C&.ce.tric P&iti*e"% I.fi.ite"% Varia/"e Tra.#ii&.

4he %P+3 i( a tr-e a))"eare$ tor5-e !onertin" &o(itie) infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ionwhi!h -ti)i?e( a -(er a!t-ate$ in$e&en$ent in&-t !ontro) to ar the tran(mi((ion o-t&-t. 4he

in&-t !ontro) !han"e( the effe!tie ratio etween a $riin" rin" "ear an$ a $rien &inion "ear

&h(i!a)) re&o(itionin" them re)atie to the me!hani(m( !entra) a/i(. 4hi( &ro$-!e( an o-t&-tre!eiin" "ear an$ atta!he$ o-t&-t (haft tor5-e !onertin" (&ee$ ran"e o&eratin" etween a

"eare$ ne-tra) (to&&e$ &o(ition an$ it( ma/im-m $rien (&ee$. 4he re(-)tin" o-t&-t i( a reer(e$

$ire!tiona) o-t&-t (haft rotation with a ratio infinite) ran"in" from 1:0 at the "eare$ ne-tra)

!onfi"-ration to 1:2 an$ "reater at ma/im-m (&ee$* $e&en$in" on the a!t-a) (i?e re)ation(hi&etween the $-a) !on!entri! "ear(. No (e!on$ar rotationa) motion inje!tion or e/tra!tion i(

re5-ire$ to a!t-ate the me!hani(m an$ no fri!tion !)-t!h or tor5-e !onerter me!hani(m( are

ne!e((ar to !o-&)e the tran(mi((ion to the $rie train.4he $efinition of the term( $-e) !on!entri! or $-a) !on!entri!t refer( to the me!hani!( of

two in$ii$-a) "ear(* en"a"e$ with one another whi!h: 617 !han"e their &o(ition( re)atie to the

me!hani(m !entra) a/i(* an$ 627 !han"e their !on!entri! orita) re)ation(hi&( re)atie to one

another. A $-a) !on!entri! &o(itie) infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ion -ti)i?e( the &rin!i&)e of $-a)!on!entri!it to !han"e the !on!entri! orita) re)ation(hi&( of two en"a"e$ "ear( to !onert in&-t

rotationa) motion into two (e&arate !om&onent(: 617 rotationa) motion* an$ 627 orita) motion.%-rin" o&eration at the "eare$ ne-tra) &ha(e* the orita) !om&onent effe!tie) !an!e)( the

rotationa) !om&onent. %-rin" the tor5-e !onertin" tran(ition* an$ arin" )ee)( of me!hani!a)

o-t&-t* the orita) !om&onent i( "ra$-a)) $e!rea(e$ -nti) on) the rotationa) !om&onent remain(.

Mai. Feat5re &f DCPIV Tra.#ii&.

A tran(mi((ion !a&a)e of maintainin" a "eare$ ne-tra) o-t&-t (to&&e$ &o(ition a( we)) a(

initia)i?in" tor5-e !onertin" o-t&-t $rie a!t-ation with an motor in&-t (&ee$.A tran(mi((ion whi!h &roi$e( -(era!t-ate$ infinite) arin" o-t&-t from it( "eare$ ne-tra)

(to&&e$ &o(ition witho-t an $rie )ine $i(en"a"ement an$ in$ii$-a) "ear ratio (hiftin".A tran(mi((ion whi!h &roi$e( infinite) arin" motor !om&re((ion ra,in" from an (&ee$ to

the ehi!-)ar or ma!hine (to&&e$ &o(ition. A tran(mi((ion whi!h in!rea(e( the effi!ien! of the

tran(fer of &ower from the motor to ehi!)e whee)( to in!rea(e f-e) !on(eration an$ $e!rea(e

&o))-tion. A &o(itie) infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ion whi!h i( a!t-ate$ witho-t inje!tion( or

e/tra!tion( of rotar motion. A $-a) !on!entri! &o(itie) infinite) aria)e tran(mi((ion with a&ara))e) rotar $rier to e)iminate the ne!e((it for 617 a te)e(!o&in" $rie (haft an$ 627 -nier(a)

(haft joint( to re$-!e the oera)) )en"th of the me!hani(m.

/3 Geare->.e5tra" /i-irecti&.a" +&iti*e"% i.fi.ite"% *aria/"e r&tar% #&ti&. tra.#ii&.:

A &ro!e(( for -ti)i?in" a aria)e oritin" "ear $rien $i(, "ear to $rie a !entra) !ore "ear an$

hi"h = )ow (&ee$ o-t&-t (haft( in a $rie arran"ement hain" an in&-t (haft* an in&-t re!eiin""ear* a $i(, $riin" "ear* a re&o(itiona)e $rie "ear orita) a)i"nment (haft* a re&o(itiona)e $i(,

"ear* a re&o(itiona)e aria)e orita) $rier arm* a !ore "ear* a &)anetar "ear (et in!)-$in" (-n

an$ &)anet "ear(* hi"h (&ee$ an$ )ow (&ee$ o-t&-t (haft(* a !entra) a/i( $efine$ the in&-t an$)ow (&ee$ o-t&-t (haft(* a -nier(a)) &o(itiona)e !onne!tin" )in,a"e* the &ro!e(( !om&ri(in":

reo)in" (ai$ $i(, $riin" "ear an$ (ai$ re&o(itiona)e aria)e orita) $rier arm aro-n$ (ai$

rotatin" re&o(itiona)e $i(, "ear thro-"h (ai$ in&-t re!eiin" "ear* (ai$ $i(, $riin" "ear* an$ (ai$

re&o(itiona)e $rie "ear orita) a)i"nment (haft rotatin" (ai$ !ore "ear an$ (ai$ hi"h (&ee$ =



21/23


)ow (&ee$ o-t&-t (haft( thro-"h the rotatin" (ai$ re&o(itiona)e aria)e orita) $rier arm

tran()atin" rotation of (ai$ re&o(itiona)e $i(, "ear to $rie (ai$ &)anetar "ear (et (-n "ear

thro-"h (ai$ -nier(a)) &o(itiona)e !onne!tin" )in,a"e tran()atin" (ai$ (-n "ear rotation to!on!-rrent) rotate (ai$ !ore "ear thro-"h (ai$ &)anetar "ear (et &)anet "ear( !ontin-o-()

!han"in" the rotation (&ee$( of (ai$ !ore "ear* (ai$ hi"h (&ee$ an$ )ow (&ee$ o-t&-t (haft(

etween &re$etermine$ minim-m an$ ma/im-m (&ee$(.

c3 T!e C&r&.e" Effect P&iti*e"% I.fi.ite"% Varia/"e Tra.#ii&.:

+t intro$-!e( the orone) Effe!t "ear (et* with a (in")e fir(t "ear en"a"in" with a

in$e&en$ent) $rien (e!on$ "ear. D !han"in" the an")e of rotation of the fir(t "ear the an"-)are)o!it of the (e!on$ "ear i( !han"e$. 4hi( !han"e in an"-)ar e)o!it wi)) form a re(-)tant

e)o!it etween the two "ear( !a-(in" the re!eiin" "ear to &ro$-!e a tr-e* a)) "eare$* i

$ire!tiona)* aria)e tran(mi((ion. +m&)ementation of thi( !on!e&t in the &rotot&e i( &re(ente$thro-"h a re&ort of !on(tr-!tion. D the orone) effe!t &rin!i&)e a (in")e fir(t "ear $rie( a (in")e

en"a"e$ $rien "ear twi!e* !on!-rrent)* with two $ifferent rotationa) in&-t(. One of the(e two

!om&onent( i( aria)e an$ the other i( !on(tant. 4he two !om&onent( are ,nown a( the !ir!-m

reo)in" !om&onent an$ the $rien !om&onent. 4he %rien om&onent W 4hi( i( the rotation in$-!e$ in the re!eiin" "ear the $rie "ear

whi)e the $rie "ear i( rotatin". 4he rotation i( in the (ame $ire!tion a( the $ire!tion a( the $rie"ear. 4hi( !onentiona)) tran(mit( rotation from the $rie "ear to the re!eiin" "ear.

ir!-m reo)in" !om&onent 4he orone) Effe!t i( the rotation in$-!e$ in the re!eiin" "ear

rotatin" the ((tem !on(i(tin" of the en"a"e$ $rie "ear an$ re!eiin" "ear. 4hi( in$-!e(

rotation in the re!eiin" "ear in the o&&o(ite $ire!tion of the $ire!tion of rotation of the ((tem.A( eer a!tion ha( an e5-a) an$ o&&o(ite rea!tion* the rotation of the ((tem m-(t e

!om&en(ate$ for. Sin!e the (haft wa( ori"ina)) in a re)atie) !on(tant &o(ition* an$ $e(ire( to

remain in that &o(ition* the !o-nter rotation i( in$-!e$ in the o-t&-t (haft. 4he mathemati!a) a(i(for thi( motion i( !on!)-(ie) $erie$ e)ow in the (e!tion tit)e$ Me!hani!( of the EP+34.F

4he mathemati!a) re&re(entation( of the(e !om&onent( wi)) e $i(!-((e$ an$ $erie$ in thefo))owin" me!hani!( (e!tion. 4he term !ir!-m reo)in"F wa( !reate$ to $e(!rie the reo)in"of the !ir!-mferen!e of the $riin" "ear. 4hi( !an e ana)o"i?e$ to a wo)in" !oin. 3i(-a)i?e a

!oin (&innin" on a ta)e near the en$ of it( !!)e. +t( e$"e i( &ro"re((ie) an$ reo)in")

!ontra!tin" the ta)e witho-t the !oin it(e)f rotatin". Now ima"ine thi( (ame !oin &o((e((in" "ear

teeth with it( e$"e !ir!-m reo)in"F or wo)in" aro-n$ a &erfe!t) (i?e$ (ma))er "ear withfewer teeth. Sin!e more teeth in the !ir!-m reo)in" "ear are in $riin" !onta!t with fewer teeth

in the (ma))er $rien "ear* rotation of the $rien "ear i( in$-!e$. 4hi( in$-!e$ &ro$-!t i( the

orone) Effe!t. 4he an"-)ar e)o!it of the !ir!-m reo)in" !om&onent !an e arie$in$e&en$ent) of the an"-)ar e)o!it of the $rien !om&onent. 4he e)o!it of !ir!-m reo)in"

(-tra!t(F from the rotationa) $riin" &ro$-!in" the arie$ o-t&-t. 4hi( i( the fir(t ,nown "ear

(et in hi(tor !a&a)e of a!!om&)i(hin" two in$e&en$ent* !on!-rrent $riin" f-n!tion( with one"ear.

9'9 O+erati.$ A-*a.ta$e &f PIV:

Po(itie an$ e/a!t W 4he P.+.3 !ant ()i&. De!a-(e it !ant ()i&* the P.+.3 !an &roi$e

a!!-rate (&ee$(* infinite) aria)e within the ran"e of ea!h -nit. 4hi( ma,e( the P.+.3 a



22/23


-ni5-e aria)e (&ee$ tran(mi((ion* &arti!-)ar) -(ef-) where $e)i!ate or (en(itie

o&eration( are ino)e$.

Lon" $e&en$a)e )ife Pro&er $e(i"n an$ !aref-) man-fa!t-re of &art(* roa$ -(e of man

a))o (tee)( heattreate$ for ma/im-m (tren"th an$ wear re(i(tan!e* an$ a-tomati!

)-ri!ation from a !ommon re(eroir* in(-re )on" )ife a( atte(te$ man P.+.3

in(ta))ation with oer 2 ear( of (eri!e. Low maintenan!e re5-irement( Maintenan!e i( )imite$ to maintainin" !orre!t !hain

ten(ion an$ oi) )ee).

An infinite n-mer of (&ee$( Detween ma/im-m an$ minim-m (ettin"(* !an e ea(i)

otaine$ (im&) t-rnin" the !ontro) (!rew whi)e the P.+.3 i( o&eratin". 4he ontro)(!rew ma a)(o e a!tiate$ man t&e( of a-tomati! !ontro)(.

Ma/im-m (&ee$ (ettin" W a$j-(t( in&-t (haft whee)( !)o(e to"ether to form a )ar"e $riin"

$iameter. 4hi( a-tomati!a)) (e&arate( o-t&-t (haft whee)( to form a (ma)) $rien

$iameter.

Minim-m (&ee$ (ettin" W XA$j-(t in&-t (haft whee)( wi$e a&art to form a (ma)) $riin"

$iameter. 4hi( a-tomati!a)) !)o(e( o-t&-t (haft whee)( to form a )ar"e $rien $iameter.

9' A++"icati&. &f PIV:

1Q 4e/ti)e +n$-(trie(

2Q Pa!,a"in" = orr-"atin" +n$-(trie(

Q 'oo$ Pro!e((in" +n$-(trie(9Q C)a(( +n$-(tr

Q Pa&er an$ P-)& +n$-(tr

;Q oa) an$ Minin" E5-i&ment(


23/23


Aer* C. 4ener"e* P.* E)e!trome!hani!a) #ri$ 4ran(mi((ion W !on!e&t*

$e(i"n* (im-)ationF* Pro!. +nte"rate$ Power train( an$ their ontro)*

Unier(it of Dath* +Me!hE* 2000.

Dra!e* .J.* %ea!on* M.* 3a-"han* N.%.* #orro!,(* R.>.* D-rrow( .R.* An

O&eratin" Point O&timi?er for the %e(i"n an$ a)iration of an +nte"rate$

%ie(e) 34 Power train* Pro!ee$in"( of 4he +n(tit-tion of Me!hani!a)En"ineer( Jo-rna) of A-tomoi)e En"ineerin" 6Part %7 3o) 21* Ma 1BBB* &"

2122;* +SSN: 0B990a)ter K. K. orone) an$ J-(tin C. Co(h"arian orone) %ee)o&ment

%-a) !on!entri! &o(itie) infinite) aria)e rotar motion tran(mi((ion

US Patent +((-e$ on O!toer 9* 1BB9 to Pa-). K orone) Coyright 2004 SAE International

www.e(m.t.e$-

htt&:en.wi,i&e$ia.or"wi,iontin-o-()Yaria)eYtran(mi((ion

htt&:www.,ri(hnaen".!om&ro$-!t(.htm

4orotra,* home&a"e* htt&www.torotra,.!om* 2001

positively infinitely variable transmission

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