unit 1 uk landscapes€¦ · unit 1 uk landscapes resources and answers to activities. cross...

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JustTeach GCSE | PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES IN THE UK

UNIT 1

UK landscapesResources and answers

to activities


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JustTeach

UK landscapes

GCSE | PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES IN THE UK

Dartmoor National Park

Figure 1


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JustTeach

UK landscapes


Natural landscape Ecological landscape Human landscape

• Hilly landscape with moorland on the hill tops and fields at lower altitudes.

• Some isolated rocky outcrops on the hill summits (tors).

• Mostly rolling landscape with few steep slopes.

• Woodland, particularly on the lower ground in valley bottoms.

• Hedges alongside the fields.

• Fields, mostly grass (pasture).

• Rough grassland (moorland) on the higher ground.

• The area is sparsely populated with just a few isolated buildings and small villages.

• Fields are used for farming, probably sheep grazing or cattle.

EXAM TIP In order to access the higher level marks, you need to refer to specific evidence from the photograph.

Activity 1


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UK landscapes


Salford Quays, Manchester

Figure 2


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UK landscapes


a The human features include large offices, residential flats and houses, transport systems, footbridges across the river, etc. The ecological features include the provision of green strips with grass and trees in between the new developments and alongside the water.

b The buildings look very modern and clean. There are new houses being built (bottom right). The architecture of the buildings and the building materials used (e.g. lots of glass frontages) is modern. The footbridges look modern and have been attractively designed.

EXAM TIP In order to access the higher level marks, you need to refer to specific evidence from the photograph.

Activity 2


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UNIT 2

The relief of the UKResources and answers

to activities


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The relief of the UK



Figure 1

Cambrian

Mountains

Loch Neagh

Dartmoor

The Fens

South Downs

Chilte

rn H

ills

Tamar

Exmoor

Ouse

Tees

Tyne

Clyde

Lake District

Southern Uplands

Pennine Hills

Grampian Mountains

Nor

th W

est H

ighl

ands

Cambrian

Mountains

Loch Neagh

Dartmoor

The Fens

South Downs

Chilte

rn H

ills

Tamar

Exmoor

Ouse

Tees

Tyne

Clyde

Lake District

Southern Uplands

Pennine Hills

Grampian Mountains

Nor

th W

est H

ighl

ands


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Relief map of south Wales and southwest England

Figure 2


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Activity 1

Pennine Hills

Ouse

Thames

Tweed

Tyne

Severn

Clyde

Tamar

Tees

Grampian Mountains

Chiltern Hills

South Downs

Loch Neagh

Cambrian Mountains

Exmoor

Dartmoor

Lake District

NW Highlands

Southern Uplands


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The UK has a varied relief. The highest ground (over 400 m) is located in the north and west of the UK. This includes mountain ranges such as the NW Highlands, Grampians, Lake District and Cambrian Mountains. The lowest and flattest land is in the south and east of the UK. Here there are extensive areas of flat land (e.g. eastern England) and gently undulating land with low hills (about 200 m), such as the Chiltern Hills.

EXAM TIP In order to access the higher level, you must use evidence from the map(s).

Activity 2


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a 621 m

b Mendip Hills

c The Cotswold Hills are to the NE of Bristol and run roughly parallel to the M5.

d The River Exe has its source on Exmoor. It flows roughly north–south to its mouth at Exmouth, where it joins the English Channel.

Activity 3


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The motorway (M5) follows low ground, running between Exmoor and the hills near Honiton (Blackdowns). Roads skirt around the edges of Exmoor and Dartmoor. They follow the lower ground to reduce construction costs and to retain gentle gradients which are easier for traffic to navigate and less likely to lead to accidents, congestion and weather-related problems.

EXAM TIP In order to access the higher level, you must use evidence from the map(s).

Activity 4


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1 Scotland – Ben Nevis (1345 m); England – Scafell Pike (978 m); Wales – Snowdon (1085 m); Northern Ireland – Slieve Donard (850 m);

2 The River Severn (354 km) – the Thames is slightly shorter (346 km)

3 The Brecon Beacons

4 The Hebrides

5 Southeast England

Online activities


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UNIT 3

Geology of the UKResources and answers

to activities


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Geology of the UK


The geology of the UK

Figure 1

CENOZOIC

MESOZOIC

PALEOZOIC

UPPER PROTEROZOIC

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

IGNEOUS ROCKS

(65mya–present day) –mostly weak sands and clays

Cretaceous (145–65mya) – includes relatively resistant chalk, also sandstones and clays

Jurassic (199–145mya) – mostly resistant limestones

Triassic (251-199mya) – mostly resistant sandstones

Late Precambrian

Permian (299–251mya) – sandstones and limestones

Carboniferous (359–299mya) – mostly resistant limestones

Devonian (416–359mya) – mostly sandstones

Silurian (443–416mya) – mostly limestones

Ordovician (488–443mya) – limestones and shales

Cambrian (542–488mya) – limestones and shales

Lower Palaeozoic and Proterozoic

Early Precambrian

Intrusive

Note: Key has been adapted from BGS source.mya = million years ago

Volcanic

Shetland Islands

0 100 200 kilometres

Belfast

Edinburgh

London

Holyhead

Dundee

Glasgow

Waterford

Londonderry

DouglasHullLeeds

Manchester

Ipswich

BirminghamAberystwyth

Norwich

Carlisle

Aberdeen

Galway

Newcastle

NottinghamDublin

Stornaway

John O’Groats

Kirkwall

Lerwick

Plymouth

Brighton

BristolDover

Southampton

Penzance

Cardiff


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Geology of the UK


Igneous rock: granite Coarse grained crystalline

rock – the large crystals result from slow cooling deep below the ground surface.

Often a mosaic of colours (white, grey, pink, black).

Tough and resistant to erosion.


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Geology of the UK


Sedimentary rock: limestone Formed from a build-up of

lime-rich sediment on the seabed.

Often fossiliferous, with shells, coral and other organisms.

Often quite tough and resistant to erosion.

Rich in calcium carbonate, it is vulnerable to dissolving.


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Geology of the UK


Metamorphic rock: slate Fine grained grey rock

that splits (cleaves) along parallel planes to form thin sheets.

Very tough and resistant to erosion.

Widely used for roofing.


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Geology of the UK


Activity 1

2.6

Present day

Pre

cam

bria

n

Cam

bria

n

Ord

ovic

ian

Silu

rian

Dev

onia

n

Car

bon

ifero

us

Per

mia

n

Tria

ssic

Jura

ssic

Cre

tace

ous

Cai

nozo

ic

23 65 145 199 251 299 359416

443 488 542

Millions of years ago


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Geology of the UK


Activity 2

Location Rock type (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic)

Age of rock (mya = millions of years ago)

London Cainozoic 65 mya–present day

Leeds Cambrian 542–488 mya

Hull Cretaceous 145–65 mya

Aberystwyth Silurian 443–416 mya


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Geology of the UK


The outcrops of granite in SW England are shown as isolated red outcrops on the map, identified as intrusive igneous rocks.

EXAM TIP Make sure that you refer to evidence from the map.

Activity 3Shetland Islands


Belfast

Edinburgh

London

Holyhead

Dundee

Glasgow

Waterford

Londonderry

DouglasHullLeeds

Manchester

Ipswich


Norwich

Carlisle

Aberdeen

Galway

Newcastle

NottinghamDublin

Stornaway

John O’Groats

Kirkwall

Lerwick

Plymouth

Brighton

BristolDover

Southampton

Penzance

Cardiff


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Geology of the UK


Activity 4

Jurassic rocks are shown as dark blue on the geological map. They outcrop as a broad band stretching roughly SW–NW from Dorset in the south, through the Midlands to the east of Birmingham to the east coast north of Hull. The outcrop is thickest in the Midlands; it is thinner to the north and south.

EXAM TIP Make sure that you refer to evidence from the map such as place names.

Shetland Islands


Belfast

Edinburgh

London

Holyhead

Dundee

Glasgow

Waterford

Londonderry

DouglasHullLeeds

Manchester

Ipswich


Norwich

Carlisle

Aberdeen

Galway

Newcastle

NottinghamDublin

Stornaway

John O’Groats

Kirkwall

Lerwick

Plymouth

Brighton

BristolDover

Southampton

Penzance

Cardiff


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Geology of the UK


Activity 5

Intrusive rocks – formed when molten magma cools below the ground surface, e.g. granite.

Extrusive rocks – formed when molten magma cools on the ground surface after a volcanic eruption, e.g. basalt.


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Geology of the UK


Online activity 1

Click to search for a location


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Geology of the UK


CONTINUEDOnline activity 1

Click on the map for further details on rock formation and economic use


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Geology of the UK


Online activity 2

The term ‘Anthropocene’ refers to a new (the current) geological period.

It was proposed by scientists in 2016 to reflect the increasing influence of human activities on the natural world.

The start date has been given as 1950, coinciding with the rapid increase in global temperatures.

Human activity has affected biodiversity, biogeography, climate and natural processes (weathering, erosion, etc.).

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