Unit 1

Parts of speech

Guess the meaning of the old saying:

Don’t trouble yourself until trouble troubles you.

Have you noticed which word is used twice besides the noun street in the two sentences?

Once out in the street, she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.

“Here we are, King Street.” He stopped.

Look at the following two sentences:

Can you define ( 解释 , 说明 ) the two meanings and describe two parts of speech?

In the first sentence, stop is a noun, which means ‘a place at which someone or something stops’. In the second sentence, stop is a verb, which means ‘to put an end to what one is doing’ .

Read the speech bubbles on page 6

Can you describe the different meanings of the word rest in different parts of speech?

The rest in “…the rest of the passengers…” is used as a noun means ‘those remaining’ or ‘the others’.

The rest in “…with his hand resting on her arm…” is a verb, which means to lie or lean on something, or to put something on something else so that its weight is supported.

Try to find out more words in the text Fog that can be used as both a noun and a verb.

work in “Polly leaves work early.”____________________________________________

______________________

work in “Polly works very hard.” _______________________________

n. something that one is doing, especially as a job

v. do an activity which uses effort

sense in “She sensed she was

being watched.”

_____________________________

sense in “People have five senses.”__________________________________________________

vt. to become aware of

n. sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch

brush in “…felt a rough hand brush her face ...”

_____________________________

brush in “paint the wall with a brush”

_________________________

vt. to touch lightly in passing

n. an instrument for painting

help in “I can help you.”

____________________________

help in “pay back the help”

_______________________________

vt. to give assistance to or ‘aid’

n. the act of helping; aid; assistance

Complete the table in Part A individually Part of speech

Meaning Example

once (line 7 )

(line 42)

conjunc-tion

as soon as

Once she finishes her work, she can help you.

adverb sometime in the past

I once lived in Beijing.

Part of speech

Meaning Example

left

(line 2)verb (the past

tense or past participle of ‘leave’) went / gone away from a person or a place

I left for work earlier this morning.

Part of speech

Meaning Example

left

(line 43)

adverb on the west side of your body when you are facing north

Look right and left before crossing the street.

Part of speech

Meaning Example

still

(line 5)

(line 29)

adverb continuing

I’m still hungry though I’ve just had a big hamburger.

adjective not moving Can’t you sit still?

Use the words below and the correct part of speech to complete the report.

The air sometimes smells very bad. Do you know what _____ this? One ____ is traffic. Does anyone have an ______ to the problem of global warming? So far even scientists can’t _______this question.

In some countries, the price of food____ every year. Poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the

__________.

causes causeanswer

answerincreases

increase

Describing the weather:

What words do you often use to describe different kinds of weather?

cloudy, sunny, cold, cool, warm, hot, dry, wet, rainy, and snowy

sunny/finecloudy overcast foggy/misty

stormythunder\lightning

snowydrizzly

tornado

Weather/climate (n. + y ---- adj. )

rainy

windy

showery

Complete the weather forecast for tomorrow

Here is the weather forecast for tomorrow. It will be warm and _______in the morning, with a fair chance of ______ weather developing before moon. It will become cooler in the afternoon. The sky will be very cloudy with heavy _____. In the evening, the temperature will drop a lot and it will become a bit cold. There will be _______ _________, with a______ likely after midnight!

sunnycloudy

rain

thunderlightning storm

1.Poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the increase (in the price of food). (p6) afford vt. 1. (usually with can, could, be able to) spare or find enough time or money for:

I can't afford three weeks away from work.

我无法丢下工作三星期。

如果出得起旅费 , 我们想到国外去度假。

抽不出一小时吃午饭。

can't afford an hour for lunch.

If we could afford it, we'd like to go abroad for our holidays.

1. [2009 山东 ]

They ________ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go.

A. had got B. got

C. have got D. get

高考链接(2009全国听力 ) 18. Why did the woman not go to college? （本题分值： 1.5 分）

A. She didn’t pass the exam. B. She wasn't interested in college. C. She couldn’t afford college education. 【正确答案】 C

(2009全国 III) 68. Few students in my class can______( 付得起 ) a trip to New Zealand.

【正确答案】 afford

高考链接

to make or become greater or larger.增大，增多 vt; vi

His employer has increased his wages.

n.增加；增大；增多an increase in wages工资的增加

My wages have increased this year.我的工资今年增加了。他的雇主增加了他的工资。

cause: n. 原因；起因 thing or person that makes something happen

The dog was the cause of the accident.

这只狗是造成交通事故的原因。这件事的起因是什么？

the basic cause of the present war

当前战争的根本原因 a leading cause 主要的原因

What was the cause of it?

n. 事业；（奋斗的）目标 the common cause 共同的事业 a dying cause 行将灭亡的事业 a noble cause 高尚的事业 the public cause 公众事业 the cause of education 教育事业 in devotion to our great cause 为了忠诚于我们的伟大事业 advance the cause of education 发展教育事业

v. make something happen

The book caused great interest and argument.

Sun, air and wind cause quick chemical changes.

What caused him to (made him) change his mind?

cause sb. anxiety 使某人担心

cause sb. trouble 给某人添麻烦

这本书引起了人们的极大兴趣和争论。

太阳、空气和风引起快速的化学变化。

什么原因使他改变主张的？

1. Retell the text.

Homework

2.There are many words in English t

hat can have more than one part of

speech. Try to find out some more

examples.