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Unit 1: Space

Space is..the vast 3D region that begins where the earth's

atmosphere ends

Some scientists believe that space extends infinitely in all directions, while others believe that space is finite

Celestial Bodies

Celestial bodies-all of the natural objects in space- Includes stars, moons, planets, comets etc

Celestial Bodies

Star- celestial body of hot gas that gives off heat and light- The sun is the closest star to us

Celestial Bodies

Star- celestial body of hot gas that gives off heat and light- The sun is the closest star to us

Planet- celestial body that orbits a star, is large enough that its own gravity holds it together, & is the only body occupying its orbital path

Celestial Bodies

Moon- Celestial body that revolves around a planet

- Mercury & Venus- none- Earth- one- Jupiter~67

Re-cap

Planets orbit ________

Moons orbit _________

Re-cap

Planets orbit _Stars__

Moons orbit _Planets__

Motion of Celestial bodies activity

What causes objects to orbit other objects in space?

Motion of Celestial bodies activity

What is the difference between rotation and revolution?

Design an infographic to illustrate these differences, you can use the motion of the earth as an example.

GalaxiesGalaxies -enormous collections of gases, dust, and stars held together by gravity

GalaxiesGalaxies -enormous collections of gases, dust, and stars held together by gravity

-our Galaxy is called the Milky Way

- All of the stars you see at night are part of this galaxy

- ~200 billion galaxies exist in the observable universe

Galaxies

GalaxiesTypes of Galaxies Spiral Galaxy- has many long “arms” spiralling out from a centre core

Elliptical Galaxy- ranges in shape from a perfect sphere to an elongated but flattened ellipse

Irregular Galaxy- has neither spiral arms or an obvious central core

GalaxiesOther Galaxies • The Andromeda: spiral galaxy

~2.5 million light-years from Earth.

• at least twice the # of stars as the Milky Way

• The Milky Way and Andromeda are expected to collide in 3.75 billion years, eventually merging to possibly form a giant elliptical galaxy

GalaxiesOther Galaxies -Centaurus A is our nearest giant galaxy (about 13 million light-years).

-elliptical galaxy-currently merging with a spiral galaxy, resulting in areas of intense star formation

Solar systemSolar system- An arrangement of planets and/or other bodies

orbiting a star

Our solar system:• is in the milky way galaxy•Orbits around the closest star (the Sun)•Contains 8 planets

The Planets of Our Solar System

Planet Speed Dating!


What did you notice about the characteristics of the

inner (terrestrial) vs. outer (jovian) planets?


Terrestrial (Inner) Jovian (Outer)Size

Motion

Composition

Distance from the

sun

Temperature

Density


Terrestrial (Inner) Jovian (Outer)Size Small (Earth size

or smaller)

Large ( 4-11 times larger

than earth)Motion

Composition

Distance from the

sun

Temperature

Density



or smaller)


than earth)Motion Slow spinning,

small orbits

Faster spinning, larger

orbitsComposition

Distance from the

sun

Temperature

Density



or smaller)



small orbits


orbitsComposition Solid and rocky Gaseous

Distance from the

sun

Temperature

Density



or smaller)



small orbits



Distance from the

sunCloser Further away

Temperature

Density



or smaller)



small orbits



Distance from the


Temperature Warmer, but

temperatures vary

Colder, but temperatures

varyDensity



or smaller)



small orbits



Distance from the


Temperature Warmer, but

temperatures vary

Colder, but temperatures

varyDensity Greater Lesser


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8aBZZnv6y8


My Very Elegant Mother Just Served Us Nuggets



This is called a pneumonic

deviceYou can use it to remember the order of the planets!



This is called a pneumonic

deviceYou can use it to remember the order of the planets!

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune


Try to come up with your own pneumonic devices!

Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Pluto

Why is Pluto no longer a real planet?

Pluto

Dwarf planeta celestial body resembling a planet but which has not

cleared it’s orbit of all other material

•Currently 5 recognized dwarf planets•Pluto, Eris, Ceres, Haumea & Makemake

Other Celestial objects

Asteroidslarge, rocky, usually irregularly shaped, bodies in the inner

solar system, believed to be leftover from the formation of the solar system

Other Celestial objectsAsteroidslarge, rocky, usually irregularly shaped, bodies in the inner

solar system

Asteroid Belt- area between the orbits of Mars

and Jupiter were mist asteroids are found


Kuiper Beltregion beyond Neptune containing many comets, asteroids, and other small bodies made largely of ice

- Similar to asteroid belt- Much larger

Other Celestial objectsComets

• a celestial body composed of ice, rock, & gas

•Originate from the outer solar system (Kuiper belt or Oort cloud)

•Develop a coma (fuzzy outline) and sometimes a long,

bright tail when passing near the sun


Comets


Periodicity of Comets

Period- amount of time it takes an object to make one complete orbit

-comets travel in long and short orbits

Hailey’s comit orbits every 75 years (short period)


Meteoroids-small rocky or metallic objects in space - Up to 10 m wide- Most are fragments from comets or asteroids


Meteor-a meteoroid passes into Earths atmosphere- Burns up and is seen as a shooting stars


Meteor-a meteoroid passes into Earths atmosphere- Burn up and are seen as a shooting stars

- Meteorite- When a meteor survives passing

through earth’s atmosphere and lands on the surface

- Large meteors can produce crators


http://nineplanets.org/meteorites.html

Suggested Consequences

http://nineplanets.org/meteorites.html

• Each orbits the sun

• Comets & Asteroids break into meteroids

• IF in earths atmosphere become Meteors, if land they are meteorites

Units in Space

Astronomical units

• Used to measure distances in space

1 AU = 150 million km

(distance from Earth ->Sun)

Units in Space

Light Years• Unit of distance, used for very large distances• The distance a photon of light would travel in 1 yr•Used because light is the fastest known thing in the

universe

unit 1: spacemsstapleton.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/4/25241349/sci9u1... · 2019-11-09 · •a...

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