Unifying Principles Unifying Principles of Biologyof Biology

BiologyBiology

Mr. PlazakMr. Plazak

What is Biology?What is Biology?

Biology is the study of living things Biology is the study of living things or LIFE!or LIFE!

What do all living things have in What do all living things have in common?common? Movement?Movement? DNA? DNA? Cells?Cells?

CommonalitiesCommonalities

All living things All living things have 6 have 6 characteristics.characteristics.

These are found These are found in all living in all living things from baby things from baby to adultto adult

11stst Principle – Evolution Principle – Evolution

Natural Selection-Natural Selection- facilitator of facilitator of evolution – characteristics most evolution – characteristics most favorable – live on.favorable – live on.

ALL living “things” have evolved or ALL living “things” have evolved or are currently evolving.are currently evolving.

These changes eventually lead to These changes eventually lead to changes and different populations changes and different populations that have diverse characteristics.that have diverse characteristics.

22ndnd Principle - Homeostasis Principle - Homeostasis Ability of organisms to Ability of organisms to

maintain an internal maintain an internal balance.balance.

All organisms “control” All organisms “control” their internal systems in their internal systems in response to their response to their surroundings.surroundings.

Examples: sweating, Examples: sweating, stomata, anoles, stomata, anoles, adrenaline, shivering.adrenaline, shivering.

33rdrd Principle - Principle - OrganizationOrganization

All living systems are highly All living systems are highly organized forms of matter.organized forms of matter.

Most living things are made up of Most living things are made up of mostly just a few atoms – carbon, mostly just a few atoms – carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus and sulfurphosphorus and sulfur

Cells-Cells- the basic structural unit of the basic structural unit of living matter.living matter.

cont’d Organization…cont’d Organization…

All living things NEED All living things NEED energy!energy!

Energy is needed to Energy is needed to build and repair highly build and repair highly organized structures – organized structures – cells!cells!

Dead things have their Dead things have their organization broken organization broken down.down.

44thth Principle - Continuity Principle - Continuity

The ability of an organism to transfer The ability of an organism to transfer it’s DNA, and give it to it’s offspring – it’s DNA, and give it to it’s offspring – REPRODUCTION!REPRODUCTION!

Sexual or asexual.Sexual or asexual. Genetic information is carried/stored by Genetic information is carried/stored by

DNA – a long and complex molecule.DNA – a long and complex molecule. DNA is just a rearrangement of the DNA is just a rearrangement of the

same pieces and parts – wardrobe ex.same pieces and parts – wardrobe ex.

55thth Principle - Principle - DevelopmentDevelopment

The ability of an The ability of an organism to grow and organism to grow and develop.develop.

Change of Change of formation/function of formation/function of structures.structures.

Ex. – humans and Ex. – humans and plants, p. 126plants, p. 126

66thth Principle - Ecology Principle - Ecology All living things interact All living things interact

in a web of life.in a web of life. Some live in Some live in

communities.communities. Some help each other, Some help each other,

others hurt.others hurt. Interaction and Interaction and

Interdependence in Interdependence in living systems.living systems.

Classification of Classification of Living OrganismsLiving Organisms

Naming ThingsNaming Things Swede botanist Carolus Linnaeus is Swede botanist Carolus Linnaeus is

credited for the current system – in Latin.credited for the current system – in Latin.

The largest group will be the Kingdom – The largest group will be the Kingdom – the 5 Kingdoms…ex. the 5 Kingdoms…ex. AnimaliaAnimalia

The organism is then sub-divided into a The organism is then sub-divided into a phylum of that kingdom…ex. phylum of that kingdom…ex. ChordataChordata

……cont’d Namingcont’d Naming After a phylum – After a phylum –

divided into a class divided into a class with similar with similar characteristics….ex. characteristics….ex. MammaliaMammalia

Class then divided Class then divided into an order…ex. into an order…ex. CarnivoraCarnivora

More NamingMore Naming Order then divided Order then divided

into a family….ex.into a family….ex. CanidaeCanidae

Family then divided Family then divided into a Genus…ex. into a Genus…ex. CanisCanis

Genus then sub Genus then sub divided into divided into species…ex. species…ex. familiarisfamiliaris

How to RememberHow to Remember

KingKing KingdomKingdom Phillip Phillip PhylumPhylum CameCame ClassClass OverOver OrderOrder ForFor FamilyFamily GrapeGrape GenusGenus SodaSoda SpeciesSpecies