interfacing chemistry and biology since 2005 ™. heatitup! helping empower all to important...
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Interfacing Chemistry and Biology Since 2005
™
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HEATHEATITIT
UP!UP!HHelping elping EEmpower mpower AAll ll TToo
IImportant mportant TThermodynamichermodynamic
UUnifyingnifying P Principlesrinciples
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Outline of teachable unit:
Day 1: Provide an environment that reduces the fear of chemistry in students.
Day 2: Chemical equilibrium, steady state, as well as how and why cells/life are not at equilibrium
Day 3: Chemical potential, entropy, and diffusion
Day 4: Enzyme kinetics, catalysis, transition states, binding of substrate, and activation energy
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With which of the following are you least comfortable?
a. Physiologyb. Molecular Biologyc. Geneticsd. Thermodynamicse. Ecology
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When you see the graph above, how do you feel about interpreting it?a- confidentb- if I have toc- neutrald- warye- scared out of my mind…I am dropping biology immediately!
___________________________________________________________________Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants
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Based on these data which reaction would have the highest ratio of the concentration of products:reactants at equilibrium?
A – green (bottom)B – blue (middle)C – red (top)
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Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants
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Some basic biology:
1. Why do we eat?
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Some basic biology:
1. Why do we eat?2. Where is this energy used
in our body?
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Some basic biology:
1. Why do we eat?2. Where is this energy used
in our body?3. Why do cells need energy?
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From where might the energy come that is required for these cellular processes we just discussed?
a. The oxygen we breatheb. The water we ingestc. The caffeine we drinkd. The vitamin pills we takee. The sugar we break down
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Can energy be created?
Can energy be destroyed?
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Energy Releasing Reactions
Energy Requiring Reactions
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Energy Releasing Reactions
Energy Requiring Reactions
Biological processes can COUPLE these reactions
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Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants
Am
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t of
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ergy
ava
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le t
o d
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Am
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Ratio of the Concentration of Products:Reactants
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Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain
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Figure 5.16 Making a polypeptide chain
The ∆G forthis reactionis 6 kcal/mole
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In the cells of your body, glucose and oxygen are converted to carbon dioxide and water.
This process is called cellular respiration.
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Consider the synthesis in a cell of a protein having 101 amino acid subunits. This requires the formation of 100 peptide bonds. The G for peptide bond formation is 6 kcal/mol. The complete breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration releases 600 kcal/mole.
How many moles of glucose molecules does it take to make a mole of this protein?
a. < 1
a. 1
b. > 1
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∆Go’
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∆Go’
Standard State
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∆Go’
Equilibrium Point
Standard State
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Based on the lesson just presented, when you see the graph above, how do you feel about interpreting it?
a- confidentb- if I have toc- neutrald- warye- STILL scared out of my mind…I am dropping biology immediately!
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Based on these data which reaction(s) would have the lowest ratio of the concentration of products:reactants at equilibrium?
A – green (bottom)B – blue (middle)C – red (top)
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Congratulations!
You just did thermodynamics!!!
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A <---> B
B <---> C
A <---> C
Sum of abovereactions:
Homework 1: The reactions A <---> B and B <---> C occur sequentially and can be summed to yield the reaction A <---> C. What is the G of this reaction when the reaction occurs under standard state conditions? Homework 2: Concept map. See course web site for instructions.
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
“Much to learn, you still have.”
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Cornell University Rutgers, the State University of NJ Kuei-Chiu Chen Diana Martin Tom Owens Gregg Transue
Dartmouth College University of Alabama Jon Kull Kim Caldwell Roger Sloboda
And driven mercilessly by:
Ishrat Khan (Clark Atlanta) and Lillian Tong (University of Wisconsin-Madison)
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