Unification of Italy

Italy and Germany• Nationalism destroyed empires but resulted in

building of some nations– Italy and Germany are the two biggest examples

• Both areas were a hodge-podge of small kingdoms, united in language and culture but not politically

• Much of the reason why is the old Holy Roman Empire and the Reformation– Conflict between Catholics and Protestants led to

much of this disunity

Italy• Italians were very interested in the revolutions

of 1830 and 1848• Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia (basically

western Italy) had a liberal constitution– This appealed to middle class Italians all over the

region• Young Italy movement: founded by Giuseppe

Mazzini– Took “code names” from the Renaissance and Medieval

times– Wanted a democratic, republican form of government– Anti-monarchy

Italy• Sardinia’s King appoints Camillo di Cavour as

Prime Minister• Goal: gain control over northern Italy• Obstacle: most of northern Italy controlled by

Austrian Empire• Tactic: get Napoleon III of France to help drive

the Austrians out– And it worked

Southern Italy• Meanwhile, Cavour was secretly aiding rebels in the

south of Italy• Giuseppe Garibaldi leads nationalist rebels and takes

over Sicily• Red Shirts: Followers all wore red shirts, they become

known by that name• Garibaldi and his troops march north, Cavour has his

king meet Garibaldi in Naples, they unite the south to Sardinia

• Garibaldi steps aside and lets the king rule over both parts in 1860

Camillo di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi

King Victor Emmanuel II

Venice, Rome and the Pope

• Two areas remain “outside”• Austrian province of Venetia– Where Venice is located - joins Italy in 1866

• Papal States– Conquered by Garibaldi’s forces – Directly controlled by the church – Including the city of Rome

Italian unification

• Now all of Italy is united and controlled by one government – except for Vatican City which remains the Pope’s own kingdom

Text Books

Get a text book and turn to page 695

Unification of Germany

• Read through the case study on the Unification of Germany

• Create an outline of the information using the bold topics as your level one.

• Example:

Unification of Germany• Bismarck Unites Germany– Info from first paragraph

• Prussia leads German Unification– Info from this section

• Bismarck Takes Control– Info from this section

Be sure to define any words in blue and be specific with information