u_net1
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www.euronet.nl/users/sota/turkistan.htmwww.usembassy-china.org.cn/english/sandt/xjnotes.htmwww.uyghuramerican.orgwww.bizuyghur.comwww.utoledo.edu/~nlight/mainpage.htmwww.eastturkistan.com
http://freeud.tripod.com/cgi-bin/eudict.plwww.ccs.uky.edu/~rakhim/et.htmlwww.taklamakan.orgwww.uygur.orgwww.uyghurinfo.comwww.uyghurs.orgwww.uighur.co.ukwww.ozturkler.com/data_english/0007/0007_13.htmwww.uglychinese.org
www.future-china.org/spcl_rpt/uygr/uyghur.htmwww.wiu.edu/users/muawww.the_uighurs.tripod.comwww.uyghur-dic.orgwww.china.org.cn/e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-uygur.htmwww.geocities.com/uighurlanguage
www.radicalparty.org/uighur/oetkur_umit.htmwww.doguturkistan.comhttp://murad.nease.netwww.uighur.jpwww.yuighur.comwww.uighur.narod.ruhttp://www.oqya.5u.comhttp://www.uyghur.nethttp://www.uyghuristan-informationcenter.org
Uyghur.com
Communicating
www.theuygur.comwww.urumqi.gov.cnwww.uygur.org/kivilcim/index.htmlwww.zarapxan.com
Ethnic Nationalism
Through the Internet
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Cyber-separatism
• The Gladney paper you never saw...o “International campaigns for Uyghur rights and possible
independence have become increasingly vocal and well organized, especially on the internet.”
o “Supported largely by Uyghur émigrés who left China prior to the Communist takeover in 1949, these organizations maintain a plethora of websites and activities that take a primarily negative view of Chinese policies in the region.”
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Separatism on the Virtual Frontier
• Uyghur websites can be divided into three main categorieso Informational and
political separatiasto Ethnic nationalist
www.eastturkistan.com
www.uygur.org
www.uyghurinfo.com
www.uyghurs.org
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Ethnic Nationalism
• Maintaining links to other Uyghurso Some sites offer discussion boards in both
English and Uyghur for the émigrés www.uyghuramerican.org www.bizuyghur.com
• Spreading information on cultureo Sites devoted to Uyghur culture www.utoledo.edu/~nlight/mainpage.htm www.wiu.edu/users/mua
o Uyghur language dictionary projectswww.geocities.com/uighurlanguage www.uyghur-dic.org
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This one’s goes to you, Uyghur
• The targeted audience of most of these sights are Uyghurs of the diaspora and anyone else who will listen
• But nobody’s writing to Uyghur o China’s strict censorship policy
Most outside Uyghur sites blocked (but not all) Sites inside not allowed to contain political or
religious content, strictly monitored
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Internet Thought Police
• “China, hoping to control the political influence of overseas Uyghurs via Internet, has erected a firewall to prevent the Uyghurs in ‘Xinjiang’ from accessing the information on overseas websites. All the websites in Uyghur languages in ‘Xinjiang’ are required by the Chinese government to ban discussions on religion, politics, and Uyghur-Chinese related issues.”
www.theuygur.com/chinaandinternet.html
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Internet Censorship
• The Internet has proven to be a powerful tool in organizing demonstrations within China
• Chinese government uses firewalls to block outside sites, holds ICPs responsible for their content within China and has arrested people for the ‘counter-revolutionary material they download
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Turkestan Newsletter, www.euronet.nl/users/sota/turkistan.htm
accessible 4/29
US Embassy Xinjiang notes www.usembassy-china.org.cn/english/sandt/xjnotes.htm
accessible 4/30
Biz Uyghur www.bizuyghur.com inaccessible 4/30 Uyghur
Homepage of Nathan Light www.utoledo.edu/~nlight/mainpage.htm
inaccessible 4/30 German, English (limited)
East Turkestan National Congress www.eastturkistan.com
inaccessible 4/30
International Taklamakan HR Assc. www.taklamakan.org
accessible 4/30 (both main and uighur-l)
Uighur U.K. Association www.uighur.co.uk
accessible 4/30
Turkish Taran History www.ozturkler.com/data_english/0007/0007_13.htm
accessible 4/30 English, Turkish, Russian
Prospect Foundation www.future-china.org
accessible 4/30 Chinese, English
Dogu Turkistan www.doguturkistan.com
inaccessible 4/30 Uyghur
www.uighur.narod.ru accessible 5/1 Russian
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Continuing research
• Most of the Uyghur websites are not active, some not having been updated for years
• Through censorship and accessibility barriers, it will remain difficult for Uyghurs in China to access outside sites
• Even if they wanted to access them, most are as propaganda-laden as the information coming from Beijing