unemployment and unemployment in pakistan
DESCRIPTION
CHILL AND ENJOYTRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
• Unemployment is a global phenomenon. Mostly the problem occurs in developing countries of the world, which not only affects them socially but also psychologically. The study focuses on the causes and consequences of unemployment in Pakistan and attempts to offer recommendations for its alleviation.
SEQUENCE
• PART 1.
a. UNEMPLOYMENT
b. TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
CAPT MUHAMMAD ZIA BASHIR KHAN
SEQUENCE
• PART 2.
a. MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
b. UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
MR. MUNAWAR REHMAN
SEQUENCE
• PART3.
a. FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
IN PAKISTAN
MR. AMIR ANWAR
SEQUENCE
• PART 4.
a. CONSEQUENCES OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
MR. JAMIL KHAN
SEQUENCE
• PART 5.
a. RECOMMENDATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• FAQS
MISS UZMA
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployed – A person is said to be "unemployed" if he or she is looking
for work, is willing to work at the prevailing wage, but is unable to find a job.
• Unemployment – Unemployment refers to the condition of being
unemployed, or to the number or proportion of people in the working population who are unemployed.
– ILO (International Labour Organisation) measure– the number of people available for work and actively seeking employment
TYPES OF UNEMPLOYMENT
VOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployment when attributed to personal decisions.
– Leaving one job and looking for another
INVOLUNTARY UNEMPLOYMENT
• Unemployment when attributed to the socio economical environments(external environments).– Modern trends in technology.
LONG TERM UNEMPLOYMENT
• The condition of unemployment for more than one year there by leading to social exclusion.
SHORT TERM UNEMPLOYMENT
• The condition of unemployment less than a year is referred to short term unemployment
– Fresh job seekers– Switching employees
FRICTIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• Frictional Unemployment - dynamic labor force in a stable economy with imperfect information.
• It occurs when a worker moves from one job to another. While he is searching for a job, he is experiencing frictional unemployment.
• Fresh graduates
Short term
Promoters– Imperfect information– disincentives
STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• Structural Unemployment - stable labor force in a dynamic economy with mismatch between skills of labor and skills demanded.
• Caused by a mismatch between jobs offered by employees and potentials of employers
• Tech bubble
• Long term
SEASONAL UNEMPLOYMENT• Seasonal Unemployment - unemployment that
results from the normal seasonal change in aggregate economic activity or environment.
• Tourism
• Sky diving
• Training activities
• variable
CYCLIC UNEMPLOYMENT
• Cyclical Unemployment - stable labor force in an unstable economy. Unemployment that results from a decline in aggregate economic activity
• Demand Deficient Unemployment – where AD is less than AS• Great depression of 1930• Present state
CLASSICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• Real Wage or Classical Unemployment – caused by wage rates being held above market clearing levels
TECHNOLOGICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• Technological Unemployment – caused where people are put out of work by changes in technology
• Down sizing because of advancement
GEOGRAPHICAL UNEMPLOYMENT
• Geographical unemployment:-occurs due to geographical immobility of labor
• Incentives for investors• Reducing barrios to free movement
THIN LINING UNEMPLOYMENT
• Hidden unemployment• Casual unemployment
BRAIN CHANGE
MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
LABOUR FORCE
EMPLOYEDUNEMPLOYED
MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
Employed
Worked one ormore hours
for pay?
Unemployed
Unemployed
Temporarylayoff?
Searched forwork?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Not in Labor Force
No
No
No
MEASUREMENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Employed persons
+ Unemployed persons
= Total labor force
+ Not in labor force
= Civilian noninstitutional population (16 and over)
MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment Rate (percent)
= Unemployed X 100
Total Labor Force
UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTANLABOUR FORCE• 50.58 million• country comparison to the world: 11
LABOUR FORCE BY OCCUPATION• agriculture: 43%• industry: 20.3%• services: 36.6%
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE• 2009 : 7.40%• WORLD RANKING : 92
UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
GEARING UP
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
Nepotism
Insurgency
Globalistation
Population growth
Decreased investment
Landless rural area
FACTORS OFUNEMPLOYMENT
• Poor Governance: Good governance is an essential pre-condition for employment as it establishes the enabling regulatory and legal framework essential for the sound functioning of land, labor, capital and other factors of market. Whereas, good governance is considered to be non-existent in Pakistan and poor governance is taken one of the key underlying causes of unemployment in Pakistan.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Lack of Education & Rampant Illiteracy: The country’s education indicators portray a dismal picture when compared with other countries. More specifically, the public expenditure on education have been around 2% in Pakistan compared to other (low income) countries of the region. Since, foundation of any development in socio-economic sector is corollary to the level of education / skills of its human capital therefore, general perception that one of the main causes of the unemployment in Pakistan is pitiable state of education across the country.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Landlessness in Rural area: Being from an agricultural country, most of the people of Pakistan have farming as their primary source of living. This source is shrinking with the division of lands amongst the family members and increasing population thereby depriving honorable way of living to the families furthermore increasing unemployment.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Non-Transparency in Resource Allocation: The lack of transparency in public sector planning, budgeting and allocation of resources in Pakistan has been the hallmark of our financial resource planners and policy makers. Political or the ruling leadership has never responded to the real needs of the populace and accountable to the promises they made with the public. Resultantly, without having regards of the real stakeholders or the potential beneficiaries, the priorities for the development were determined by the bureaucracy
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Political Instability: Political stability is fundamental to the creation of an enabling environment for growth and development. Economic agents, particularly investors, must be reassured with regard to the continuation of policies, should have confidence in the government’s credibility in order to operate effectively, and in the case of investors, be induced to take risks. Unfortunately the political dilemma has furthermore cornered this issue
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Insurgency : The perceived security threat on its eastern border that has dominated Pakistan’s political culture, followed by continuous threat on western borderand war against terrorism as first line state . All these factors have in turn affected growth, and subsequently unemployment levels in the country.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Corruption & Corrupt Practices: Corruption is one of the most dangerous factor that eroded Pakistan’s economic and governance system since its inception.
• In 2008, Pakistan was ranked as the 46th most corrupt country out of the 180 countries of the world. The persistently rampant corruption in Pakistan not only jeopardizes its resolve to fight against unemployment rather adding to the menace of unemployment from all direction.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Nepotism: nepotism at every level in Pakistan has polluted the environment both socioeconomically and psychologically, the employee who suits the jobs best is kept deprived to flourish his abilities.
• Globalisation: it has further increased the menace of unemployment in two basic ways
a. Brain drainb. Global recession
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Social order: in Karachi, Balochistan ,Punjab and almost every parts of the country supplemented with war against terror has retarded Pakistan production process. The worsening situation is affecting the social order as a whole and adding to uncertainties in business circles, thereby increasing unemployment in the country.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Population Growth: Due to rapidly increasing population the problem of food shortage in most developing countries are compounded by inadequate provision of basic services such as health and sanitation facilities, shelter and safe drinking water, also lack of education and increasing unemployment. Owing to shrinking developmental funds visa vise population growth. Resultantly the phenomenon gives further rise to the unemployment rate.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Privatization: is yielding opposite results then the intended ones. National assets are going in to foreign hands, companies are monopolizing their ownership, they downsize and do not except the existing criteria, thereby playing a solid role in unemployment
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Declining Foreign Investment: Owing to number of factors Pakistan has not been able to attract needed level of FDI despite its pro liberalization and investor friendly policies. These factors include; political instability, rising trend in terrorism, social disorder and unsatisfactory law and order situation particularly in the, city of Karachi, the largest industrial and commercial Centre and the only port of the country. thus feeding the unemployment rates.
FACTORS OF UNEMPLOYMENT
• Energy crises: Leading example in this case is the textile industry of Faisalabad, where almost 70% of growth has been jeopardized because of energy crises thereby increasing unemployment.
LINKING A-HEAD
CONSECUENCES
CONSEQUENCES
• Individual effects:The individual costs for the unemployed– Loss of income– Fall in real living standards– Loss of self-esteem– Increased health risks
• Stress• Reduction in quality of diet• Social exclusion because of loss of work and income
– Deskilling and demotivation
CONSEQUENCES
• Social effects– Low morale values– Security threats– Increase crimes– Family breakdowns– Vandalism– Increased involvement of foreign elements
(MOSSAD, RAW, CIA, MOIS, NDS)
CONSEQUENCES
• Economical effects– Fall in sales– Fall in profits– Fall in revenue– Decreased economic growth
• Positive aspects– Bulk of employers always available– Less turnover
KEEP AWAKE, BORING PART IS OVER
RECOMMENDATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Good governance• Education • Transparency in resource allocation• Stable political government• Refined policies• Continuity of policies• Security of investors• Broadly defined internal security plans
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Security of investors• Broadly defined internal security plans• Advanced skill refresher courses• Check and balance• Better strategies and planning
CONCLUSION
Those, living with the unemployment in Pakistan’s
present a depressing challenge for our socio-political
gurus and economic managers. unemployment in
Pakistan can only be alleviated by sharpening the
human capital by improving literacy and investing in skill
development, good governance, community
empowerment, long term economic growth, socio-
political justice and real term democratic culture. The
international community under the guise of Friends of
Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to support
Pakistan’s economic program with more than US$5
billion in funding designed to meet its immediate needs
and protect expenditures on safety net and human
development initiatives critical for poor people. The
amount exceeded initial expectations and offers strength
and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-economic
managers to march towards unemployment free
Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many serious
problems. It cannot be expected for everything to be
fixed overnight. It is very important though to establish
goals and set up priorities. What is needed most is a
stable democratic government, basic essentials for all,
access to proper education and healthcare and social
justice for all in stable social order line in Pakistan’s
present a depressing challenge for our socio-political
gurus and economic managers. unemployment in
Pakistan can only be alleviated by sharpening the
human capital by improving literacy and investing in skill
development, good governance, community
empowerment, long term economic growth, socio-
political justice and real term democratic culture. The
international community under the guise of Friends of
Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to support
Pakistan’s economic program with more than US$5
billion in funding designed to meet its immediate needs
and protect expenditures on safety net and human
development initiatives critical for poor people. The
amount exceeded initial expectations and offers strength
and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-economic
managers to march towards unemployment free
Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many serious
problems. It cannot be expected for everything to be
fixed overnight. It is very important though to establish
goals and set up priorities. What is needed most is a
stable democratic government, basic essentials for all,
access to proper education and healthcare and social
justice for all in stable social order governance,
community empowerment, long term economic growth,
socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.
The international community under the guise of Friends
of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to
support Pakistan’s economic program with more than
US$5 billion in funding designed to meet its immediate
needs and protect expenditures on safety net and
human development initiatives critical for poor people.
The amount exceeded initial expectations and offers
strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-
economic managers to march towards unemployment
free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many
serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything
to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to
establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed
most is a stable democratic government, basic
essentials for all, access to proper education and Those,
living with the unemployment in Pakistan’s present a
depressing challenge for our socio-political gurus and
economic managers. unemployment in Pakistan can
only be alleviated by sharpening the human capital by
improving literacy and investing in skill development,
good governance, community empowerment, long term
economic growth, socio- political justice and real term
democratic culture. The international community under
the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at
Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program
with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet
its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety
net and human development initiatives critical for poor
people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and
offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-
economic managers to march towards unemployment
free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many
serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything
to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to
establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed
most is a stable democratic government, basic
essentials for all, access to proper education and
healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order
line in Pakistan’s present a depressing challenge for our
socio-political gurus and economic managers.
unemployment in Pakistan can only be alleviated by
sharpening the human capital by improving literacy and
investing in skill development, good governance,
community empowerment, long term economic growth,
socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.
The international community under the guise of Friends
of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to
support Pakistan’s economic program with more than
US$5 billion in funding designed to meet its immediate
needs and protect expenditures on safety net and
human development initiatives critical for poor people.
The amount exceeded initial expectations and offers
strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-
economic managers to march towards unemployment
free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many
serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything
to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to
establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed
most is a stable democratic government, basic
essentials for all, access to proper education and
healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order
governance, community empowerment, long term
economic growth, socio- political justice and real term
democratic culture. The international community under
the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at
Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program
with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet
its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety
net and human development initiatives critical for poor
people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and
offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-
economic managers to march towards unemployment
free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many
serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything
to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to
establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed
most is a stable democratic government, basic
essentials for all, access to proper education and
healthcare and social justice for all in star. Those, living
with the unemployment in Pakistan’s present a
depressing challenge for our socio-political gurus and
economic managers. unemployment in Pakistan can
only be alleviated by sharpening the human capital by
improving literacy and investing in skill development,
good governance, community empowerment, long term
economic growth, socio- political justice and real term
democratic culture. The international community under
the guise of Friends of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at
Tokyo rallied to support Pakistan’s economic program
with more than US$5 billion in funding designed to meet
its immediate needs and protect expenditures on safety
net and human development initiatives critical for poor
people. The amount exceeded initial expectations and
offers strength and opportunities to Pakistan’s politico-
economic managers to march towards unemployment
free Pakistan. Pakistan has been experiencing many
serious problems. It cannot be expected for everything
to be fixed overnight. It is very important though to
establish goals and set up priorities. What is needed
most is a stable democratic government, basic
essentials for all, access to proper education and
healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order
line in Pakistan’s present a depressing challenge for our
socio-political gurus and economic managers.
unemployment in Pakistan can only be alleviated by
sharpening the human capital by improving literacy and
investing in skill development, good governance,
community empowerment, long term economic growth,
socio- political justice and real term democratic culture.
The international community under the guise of Friends
of Pakistan on 17th April 2009, at Tokyo rallied to
support Pakistan’s economic program with more than
healthcare and social justice for all in stable social order.
.
.
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