Understanding the Social Understanding the Social Functions of Subway StationsFunctions of Subway Stations

based on Metro Ridershipbased on Metro Ridership

Beihang UniversityBeihang UniversityBiao LengBiao Leng

Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning

Supported by

Beijing Municipal Commission of Transportation

Ministry of Science and Technology

Beijing Metro Network Control Center

Beijing Transportation Information Center

Beijing Mass Transit Railway Operation Corporation Limited

Beijing MTR Corporation

Data Description——Study area

Over 10% population

“China statistical yearbook”, Chinese Statistical Bureau, 2012

in 2012.5

15 lines 372 km of track 188 stations 7.5 million average

diurnal ridership

Data Description——Study area

Data Description——Empirical datasets

The intensity of daily overall ridership

DongZhiMen

CBD

XiErQi

XiZhiMenXiDan

Intensity of average morning peak ridership for exit

Tidal Characteristics: Morning Peak — 22.20% of daily volume Afternoon Peak — 18.90% of daily volume

Data Description——Empirical datasets

Result & Analysis——General result

Class Meaning

Residential Area The area where large number of people live together.

Work Area The area where large number of people work together.

Commercial Area The area where people go shipping and relax.

Mixed Area The combination of residential and work function, or residential and commercial functions.

Tourist Area The area where people visit.

Station port The area transiting people among cities, such as airport, railway station, inter-city bus station.

Different functional classes with large, medium or small group:

Result in May 2012

Most at the end of lines

Widely in the center; A few sparsely on the

suburban lines

Mainly around Chaoyangmen, Fuxingmen etc. Some small-

scale among other areas

Coincide with commercial centers;NO small

Around attractions; NO large

Near airport, stations

Result & Analysis——Cluster membership at system level

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

500

1000

1500

2000

2500(a)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

500

1000

1500

2000

2500(b)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23�200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400(c)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600(d)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

100

200

300

400

500

600

700(e)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400(f)

Time

Ave

rage

Rid

ersh

ip

Daily entrance ridership pattern (in line) for six function areas

Great morning peak; Flat curve during the

others.

One afternoon peak, Opposite to residential areas.

Flat before afternoon peak

One afternoon peak Margin of peak >> Work’s Bigger curve slope before

peak

One afternoon peak No sudden increase Change of SD > Work’s

& Commercial’s

No visible peak Biggest SD, even over mean

→ discrete & unsteadily

Two peaks

Smart City

Urban Planning -- current vs. planned social function

July 2013

Smart City

Urban Planning -- the change of social function Liuliqiao Station – from station port (2012) to

residential region (2013)

Smart City

Transport Planning -- the schedule of trains

Smart City

Transport Planning -- the optimized passenger guiding

Thanks!