teaching STUDENTS speaking SKILL through opening place TECHNIQUE---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BaihaqiDosen Tetap Non PNSFakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu PendidikanUniversitas Samudra Jln. Kampus Meurandeh No. 1 Langsabaihaqi_01@yahoo.com

Abstract:The research deals with teaching speaking through Opening Place Technique The purposes of this study is to find out causes which make students feel bored when learning in the classroom, causes which make students feel shy to speak and whether teaching speaking through opening place effective to make students interest and more active. The methodology in order to obtain the data for this research the writer used library and field research. In library research, the writer read some books, which are relevant to the topic from library and other sources and in the field research. Using this technique is one of the ways to solve students difficulties in learning speaking. It is increasing students interest and motivation in learning English. The teacher is also easier in teaching English especially speaking.Keyword: Teaching Speaking and Opening Place Technique

A. IntroductionTo communicate to other people we need a language. Every nation has its own language. Every language has unique system, there are no two language ever have the same system exactly. One of the languages is English. As we know, English is as an international language. Because everything are written in English now and it is used in many countries for any purposes. It is important and become necessity to be studied and mastered by people in globalization era today because of that reason. Language is system; it means language is formed by different component in suitable pattern and formula. According to Wardhough (1986: 3), says, Language is system of arbitrary vocal symbol use for human communication. Information is gotten not always from printed material like books, magazines, newspaper, etc. but we can also get the information from audiovisual such as computer, internet, television etc. and by the change of the information with other people in other country, so we have to understand what they speak by learning their language. We can learn a language by formal or informal education.Learning English speaking is one of skills to understand the other language. Probably, if we are able to speak English well we can have big challenge to get nice job and salary. Because English is as one of requirement getting many formal or informal job today. English is a head condition to get it.Today, almost school in this world teaching English as one of the main subject. English is studying by all students in around the world including in Indonesia. English is taught as an obligatory subject. It is taught from elementary school up to university level. It is used as a tool in improving the students knowledge, so they can live in society with this skill. Each skill listening, speaking, reading and writing need to be mastered by students; however, as language the student demanded to be able to speak. Because when student can speak, show that they have mastered the language. The goal of study a language is able to communicate. Speaking as one of the skill in English becomes a biggest problem for almost all Indonesian students who study it. It is caused as a foreign language; English has very different grammar and culture. The students face a new situation that very different with their basic language.There are many factors cause the problem. As we know the differences of structure between Indonesia and English is one of the factors. Moreover, the culture background sometime becomes another factor. Besides that, English is still as foreign language in Indonesia. Compare with our neighbor Malaysia or Singapore, where English is as the second language, it means the people use English for daily life beside their native language. It causes easier for students there to master English. However, our government keeps trying to design suitable curriculum, provide facility, and train teachers in order to increase students achievement in mastery English. In fact, teaching speaking at school still faces many problems. Since the facility and environment do not support learning process, Student as the object of study is the most sufferers in English learning. They face trouble in study it because they feel that impossible for them to master it. This situation made studying English has become something frightening for almost students who study it. Ahmadi and Supriyono (2004: 77) state that, The situation where student cannot study as should be, that is the trouble of study.Looking to the development of teaching methods in the world, today the method and technique tend to break the traditional rules and assumptions where study is not always going on inside of the classroom but also outside or opening place. However, this way is not the new method but just often to be done for long time in our education world. DePorter (2000: 78) states, Environment will influence the students to focus and grab the information. Environment is important because as connection to the brain. New or different situation will help learning become more interesting and good for students to increase their concentration in receiving of the information from the teacher. Then DePorter (2000:67) also stated, Understand the connection between environment and brain it is important to orchestrate supporting study environment. The environment will increase confident and learning quality. We have known that environment study most used for learning activities is in classroom. However, the same similar situation everyday makes students or even teacher feel boring. Therefore, the choice to make the situation fresher is through change the environment study from in classroom into the out of classroom or at the opening place.Study outside of classroom or at opening place such as in yard or school field will give students new perspective because the atmosphere will influence the way they take the lesson. The teacher also can take more advantage from the environment and connect the situation and everything around them as the media to support the learning process. Especially for speaking, things around of the environment will help much because they can see directly object. Concurrent to the growing interest in promoting learner independence is a trend in learning studies to view language learning as a group phenomenon rather than an individual process. There are many research conducted that showed, most students believe that their learning is highly influenced by opportunities to have variety experiences at the outside classroom or the opening place. As stated by Polanyi et. al (1995: 271), Both nationally and internationally researchers claim that learners, at various levels of proficiency and at various stages of study, continue to view their successful and unsuccessful learning outcomes as related to their experiences outside the classroom. In the field of English education, much effort has been put into developing teaching practices that support the interactions of students in the classroom and encourage learning activities outside the classroom or the opening place. However, little is known about what teachers perceive and believe about out of class activity in the process of teaching and learning. This gap in our knowledge is highly significant as it is often claimed that the ultimate goal of teaching English is to increase the learners ability to interact successfully in the target language in real situations.As stated by Anderson (2000: 11) In the field of English education, much effort has been put into developing teaching practices that support the interactions of students in the classroom and encourage learning activities outside the classroom. Yet, little is known about what teachers perceive and believe about this out-of-class activity in the process of teaching and learning. This gap in our knowledge is highly significant as it is often claimed that the ultimate goal of teaching English is to increase the learners ability to interact successfully in the target language in real situations.The first thing that will be learnt in studying language is the word. The word is the important thing to express feeling, wishing and thinking of human like written or orally. It is like the meaning of word from Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2007: 513): Kata adalah unsur bahasa yang di ucapkan atau di tuliskan yang merupakan perwujudan kesatuan perasaan dan fikiran yang digunakan dalam berbahasa. And Also the meaning of word from Oxford Dictionary (2003: 499): Word is written or spoken unit of language. Word is thing that you say, remark or statement. And for the person who wants to say in daily conversation with language must know of the word. Without it, the people and cant get the information in the world. As mentioned by Tarigan (1996:9): The human using the language as vital communication facility in this life. Language is one major distinctive feature human of another life creature in this world. Language has the function the very important to human, very priority in communicative function. If in the language there is word isnt clear, so the person cant get the new thing and that accurate in information. As mentioned by French (1992:14): The human mind is able to remember a thing because it makes associations or link between the new thing which is being learned and things already language known. From the function of that language, the writer wants to teach foreign language (English) to the Elementary School. And before of that, the writer as teacher must know the age of the students to know the development of the children, as the purpose of study can reach.According to Merriam and Webster (1993: 2560) defines vocabulary is arranged of meaning by which one can apprehend experiences or express idea. It means vocabulary is one of the language aspects that cannot be ignored in any language teaching. The students should master vocabulary to express their ideas or something that they want to express. In communicate we need much of vocabulary; we must study first vocabulary when we learn language, especially in learning English. The meaning of Real Object according to Stefan (2005:1) states: Real Object is consists of actual objects or items or facsimiles thereof, which are used in the classroom to illustrate or to see, hear, and in some cases touch the object. Real object are used in the classroom to make the learning experience more memorable for the students.

B. Problem of StudyThe problem of study discussed through this writing is where most of students get many difficulties to understand and speak English well because they often looked boring when study in the classroom. Therefore, the researcher takes the following questions to study: What does teaching speaking through opening place technique improve students speaking skill?

C. Purpose of StudyConsidering that problem is important to be discussed, in this study the writer decides to choose the question. It is necessary to make variation in teaching process by teaching speaking through opening place as an interesting way to solve problem in studying of speaking.

D. Method of StudyThis method used in writing this study is library research through identifying of reference list and then analyze and compose into academic writing.

E. Description of Teaching Through Opening Place1. Definition of Opening PlaceIf we look into Opening Place term could be some interpretations occurred to it. The term is consisted from two words that is opening and place. Each word has many interpretations and various usages.The word Opening has many definitions in many aspects. According to The opening Collins Essential English Dictionary (2006) as noun Opening has four definitions namely:a. the beginning or first part of something b. the first performance of a theatrical production c. a chance or opportunity: an opening into show businessd. a hole or gapMeanwhile according to The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (2003) defines ten meanings for Opening namely:a. The act or an instance of becoming open or being made to open.b. An open space serving as a passage or gap.c. A breach or aperture.d. A clearing in the woods.e. The first part or stage, as of a book.f. The first performance: the opening of a play.g. A formal commencement of operation: attended the opening of the new museum.h. Games A specific pattern or series of beginning moves in certain games, especially chess.i. An opportunity affording a chance of success.j. An unfilled job or position; a vacancy.Unfortunately, most of the definition above far from the meaning that this written intended. However, from Thesaurus Dictionary (2003) gave close meaning of the opening that is an open or empty space in or between things and the Oxford Dictionary (1996: 288) define opening as open space. Based on the Etymology it comes from Middle English, from Anglo-French, open space, from Latin platea broad street, from Greek plateia (hodos), from feminine of platys broad, flat; akin to Sanskrit prthu broad, Latin planta sole of the foot (Wikipedia, 2006).For the word place, Wikipedia (2006) define it as A place is a location in space. From the definition have some explanations which is has close meaning to the written intended namely: a. physical environment b. physical surroundings c. an indefinite region or expanse d. a building or locality used for a special purpose e. a particular regionf. center of population, or location g. a building, part of a building, or area occupied as a home h. a proper or designated niche or setting (the place of education in society) From the explanation above the term of opening place could be interpret as an open location in open space. Refer to the title of this written the opening place here means any places in outdoor or out of the classroom. In another word, the study activity operated at place without wall boundary. The places could take the place around the school or outside the school. The places around the school such as in the yard, field or school garden. The opening place at the outside of school such as in the field or city garden.2. Why Opening PlaceA question for all teachers or educators in around the world, where is the right place to teach? Actually, in the world history, school using the classrooms is a really new concept. It is because in the past before all the teaching and learning processes took the classroom as the centre for study, nature or the opening place was as the place where study activities held. The problem is teaching and learning activities that held inside of the classroom could not guarantee that the process more success than the teaching and learning activities that took at the opening place. There are many examples that students feel uncomfortable because of the monotonous of classroom. The classroom even sometimes looks like a jail. It is time to ask that study in the classroom is the best way and still is the main forum for the learning or we need to back as in the past. The condition of classroom that not support the teaching and learning process will make the students even teacher feel numb. And the result for the condition is failure.There are many proofs or cases show that students got nothing from their school but only frightened and punishment. Because school as the place for study turn into place for giving burden and punishment for students who cannot learn according their teacher. The exploiting of school about 200 days per year, several hours in a day and only use 15% times is the wasting of the worth asset. And using of big part of time for one way teaching is the bigger wasting from the 15%. It needs to emphasize that most of people will in the best condition for learning through experimentally and whole senses.As stated by Dryden and Vos (2002: 109): The exploiting of school about 200 days per year, several hours in a day and only use 15% times is the wasting of the worth asset. And using of big part of time for one way teaching is the bigger wasting from the 15%. It needs to emphasize that most of people will in the best condition for learning through experimentally and whole senses.Teaching and learning is the complex process. In the process everything has their own meaning. Every word, opinion, presentation, association, action that used in the process and how far the teacher composes the surrounding that is the process is running.In order to solve the problem regarding to the classroom issues, today the education world start to change or combine the way of their teaching strategy. There are many schools or education centers begin to use the techniques which can support the teaching and learning process. One of the techniques is through study outside of the class or at the open place. This way is not only to move study from inside to outside the class but have serious intention in making student easier to grab the study material.The place or environment is very important in learning process. Good place can be a value medium in build and keep positive attitude. Because supporting place will help student easier in developing their ability, keep their focus in studying and winner mentality. The winner mentality will create success students. As stated by DePorter and Hernacki (2002: 66), If you work in good ordering environment, then easier to develop and keep the winner mentality. And the winner mentality will produce success students.

3. Definition of SpeakingLanguage is used to communicate with series of rule and the way to express it. As the quoted that states, That language is communication, not simply a series of social and grammatical regulations (Celce-Mursia, Downey and Thurrel, 1985). Human expresses language through speaking generally. Before human create written system, people communicate or interact through spoken. That is why if people say that language is primarily spoken. Speaking is one problem that recurs and more frequently talked these days. Speaking is ability of people to communicate with the other people. Through speaking, we are able to express our feeling, opinion or get our necessity. Speaking cannot separate from human life that is why speaking is one of abilities needed to learn. Speaking is fundamentally and instrumental act, speakers talk in order to have some effect on their listeners, they assert things to change state of knowledge states by Herbert and Ave (1980: 46). However, Speaking is complex skill, required the simultaneous of number of different abilities which of develop different rates either four of five components in generally recognized in analysis of speech, there are including as the remembering system pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. As stated by David P. Haris in his book entitled Teaching the Spoken language (1997: 32): Speaking is complex skill, required the simultaneous of number of different abilities which of develop different rates either four of five components in generally recognized in analysis of speech, there are including as the remembering system pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension.According to Wikipedia (2008: 155), speaking can described: As an act of producing voice through the use of the vocal cords and vocal apparatus or other means, such as sign language, to create linguistic acts in the form of language that communicate information from an initiator to a recipient.In other more colloquial terms, speaking can be described in several different ways (Onelook, 2008):a. A linguistic act designed to convey information.b. Various types of linguistic acts where the audience consists of more than one individual, including public speaking, oration and quotation.c. The physical act of speaking, primarily through the use of vocal cords to produce voice.When we are speaking, we make interact with someone else and usually we need an action from someone as the listener. As Hammond et al. (1992: 5) concluded speaking is interaction language or language accompanying action.However speaking or speech can also take place inside ones head, known as intrapersonal communication, for example, when one thinks or utters sounds of approval or disapproval. At a deeper level, one could even consider subconscious processes, including dreams where aspects of oneself communicate with each other as part of intra personal communication, even though most human beings do not seem to have direct access to such communication. Because of speaking is the way of human to express their opinion it is need spontaneity when do that. In addition, the spontaneity is the major problem of the students who learn the foreign language particularly English.He also claims that many teachers often overlook the fact that in a relaxed atmosphere, real learning takes place, and students use the language they have been exposed to and have practiced earlier.

4. Teaching SpeakingThe purpose of speaking can be to convey meaning or to increase social bonds between individuals or groups. For the latter, shallowness is not problem. The success of speaking depends on numerous factors, including the presence or absence if a variety of speech disorders, the ability of the speaker to express the intended message and the ability and willingness. Such of language education is to prepare student in term to be participate in modern society life (Hammond et al. 1992: 56). In other words, language education is life skill education that is the education, which give the skill to student to be surviving in modern life patterned with globalization. In practically level, generally Indonesian student cannot answer the global communication challenge, whereas in theoretic language education needs to have obvious focus about what competence need to develop if student targeted to be able to communicate in global era.In standard of content of school-based curriculum stressed how important to looking of language product as an instrument to communicate, is not only the language that received through explain by teacher. It means in teaching speaking, student expected to be more active in express their speaking skill. They are not just listen what the teacher said but demanded directly to practice. Because when an activity conducted directly, it helps them to master it better. As the research presented that, We learn 90% from what we said and done (DePorter, 2000: 32). To reach the target, curriculum designed need to settled the syllabus target that could be used as benchmark as suggested by Wells (1987: 65). According to Wells, four literacy degrees exist that is per formative, functional, informational and epistemic.a. Per formativeIn per formative degree, people able to write and read, and speak through symbols that are used.b. FunctionalIn functional degree, people expected are able to use language to fulfill daily life such as reading newspaper, magazine, manual reading etc.c. InformationalIn informational degree, people expected are able to access knowledge through his language.d. EpistemicIn epistemic degree, people expected to able to transform knowledge in certain language.Refer to standard of content of school-based curriculum, students of senior high school intended to reach until the third degree that is informational, because they prepared to enter university level. Sequentially the purposes of teaching speaking for senior high school student formulated in three of competence standard (Depdiknas, 2003: 5) following:1. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style, fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of narrative, procedure, recount, report and news.2. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style, fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of narrative, descriptive, anecdote, analytic and hortatory exposition. It intended to interpersonal meaning variation.3. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style, fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of narrative, explanation, discussion, commentary and review with emphasis on complex of interpersonal meaning.Since the standard demand teacher to be able to achieve the target, it might be happened teacher only teaches to run the target without care about the students capability or their intake in study. With all the burden of study that mentioned above, the most suffer is students. Looking the situation students is as the object of education, whereas nowadays they are not anymore. Nowadays, students are not the education object, but they are as the subject. Because the demand of curriculum that students must be active. They must inquiry the knowledge not only receive or waiting teacher to give them. And teacher also should be realized and accustomed to treat the students not as the object.

5. Teaching Speaking Through Opening placeAs development nation, Indonesia needs to run the fallen behind in any sectors. Especially, when we are talking about education sector. The education in Indonesia still poor compared with its closest neighbor nations such as Malaysia and Singapore. However, our government always tries to improve our national education with many programs that could support accelerate of the education progress. For example, the government builds facilities and infrastructure to supporting learning process. Also held training for teachers in order to develop their perception and teaching skill. It tends to create a competence teacher. Because how modern the facilities that had by a school without competence teacher, everything is useless. One of features that a teacher competence to do his job is the teacher should know and rich with many approach, method and techniques in order to support his duty. The good mastery of teaching techniques will help teacher and their student to accomplish learning target. In study a language, the main target is making students able to communicate through spoken.Today speaking ability is very important closer the globalization where English as the international language urgent to be mastered. In this case, the teaching technique for speaking at school is very important to make the students understand and easier master it. As we know, there are so many teaching techniques old or new. In teaching process, a teacher could use one technique or more and combine it. It is all depend on the learning necessity. For teaching speaking, teacher prefers to choose the technique that make learning situation more active. Also, make student become braver to express their speaking ability. Because sometimes we are trapped with the path that our predecessor have done which not always correct or suitable with present condition where study situation is very serious and far from fun. That situation will hamper the students in enjoying and developing their ability. As according to Kim (1995: 35) states that: There is a common perception that all learning should be serious and solemn in nature, and that if one is having fun and there is hilarity and laughter, then it is not really learning. This is a misconception. It is possible to learn a language as well as enjoy oneself at the same time. Regarding to the opening place, it is one way in order to accelerate students developing in mastering speaking. Through the different situation of study, hoped that the students would have interesting and pay attention to what teacher teach. Moreover, by study at the open place the teaching and learning process can be as an directly experience for students especially when the material of study adjusted with the situation of the place. So the student can see, feel the atmosphere directly and it is will help them much in memorizing and expressing their spoken ability. The energize place of study, relieve a lot of tension students and it can be also motivate them in learning speaking.

6. The Role of TeacherThe role of teacher is central as an active explainer. Teacher dominates the teaching and learning process. Cullingford (1995: 159) states, Teacher makes a subject interesting, he sets up experiments, brings in interesting materials, and is not merely bound by routine. This means that teacher become a source of knowledge. When the teacher is an active judge, she make corrections, control the students performance or answer. The teacher must judge the correctness of the students responses. Before the study is started the teacher should make sure that all the necessary material ready. It is suggested that teacher prepares the material that have connection with the place or the teacher should be able to design the material that can connected by student where the place support them to look the thing directly or imagine it.After that the study cannot be successful if the teacher does not explain the tasks and the rules for students in studying at the open place. The rules must be made clear to the students in order to prevent students take chance to play because they are at the free place. Teacher should tell to the students what they can or cannot do. Teacher should maintain the situation so that the teaching and learning process still in the path. Because for students, study at the opening place quite different and strange for them. This is crucial for the success of the activity, so every effort should be made.Following things that teacher should prepared and do to teach at the opening place:1. The selection of the place and time is very important. Study at the open place such as at the football field at middle of the day is a stupidity.2. The material that compatible with the place or can be supported with the place.3. Clear rule for students along the opening place.4. Clear task for students so that they know what they must to do and focus.5. Teacher should be able maintain the situation from the beginning until the end of program.6. Teacher should be creative and able to connect and relate the material with the place.

7. The Role of StudentsStudents play a reactive role by responding to teachers explanation. They should contribute as much as they gain in the classroom. If the students are successfully doing the alphabet games, the will apply the new vocabulary, which has just been learnt into the lesson. It is needed for recalling the vocabulary. After the students do their role in vocabulary teaching learning process, it is expected that they will master some aspects of vocabulary teaching, namely aspects of association of concepts (meaning in clues) with words and the spelling words. So that after doing the game, they can spell the words correctly and they can remember the words with easy way.

F. ConclusionAfter doing the research finally the writers concluded that Teaching speaking through opening place gives new situation in study English for students so they are far from boring, students more relax and enjoy speaking as a fun activity to do, Students shy to speak because they do not know the answer and afraid if it going to be wrong then got punishment. However, study at the opening place had assisted students to less their shy feeling to speak, and Increase students interest and more active to study speaking because it was fun being at the free space without the wall restricted while Increase students motivation because they can speak without afraid to make mistake and their memory to the lesson.

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