understanding insect metamorphosis - pace turf · understanding metamorphosis can help you to:...
TRANSCRIPT
Understanding Insect Metamorphosis
• There are more insects on earth than any other animal
• Total number of different types: 30 million?• More than 1,000 kinds of insects in a typical
back yard
FACTOIDS
Understanding metamorphosiscan help you to:
• Properly identify insect pests• Avoid treating non-pest insects• Know where to look for pests• Predict when pests will appear• Select the best products for control
METAMORPHOSIS:striking alteration in appearance,
character or circumstances
SIMPLE COMPLETE
• Little change in appearance or feeding habits
• Immature stages = nymphs; no pupae• Nymphs and adults feed on same food• Examples: Aphids, crickets, whiteflies,
grasshoppers, chinch bugs, roaches
Insects with simple metamorphosis
Insect metamorphosis
and why it matters to you
√√Mole crickets
√√Chinch bugs
ADULTSLARVAE/ NYMPHS
INSECT PEST
Control of insects with simple metamorphosis
• Dramatic difference between immature and adult insects
• Immature stages = larvae• Mature stages = adults• Transformation between larvae and
adult occurs in the pupa• Examples: Butterflies, moths, beetles,
flies, wasps
Insects with complete metamorphosis
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
EGG
LARVA (caterpililar)
PUPA
ADULT
BLACK CUTWORM
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
LARVA(grub)
PUPA CALLOWADULT
ADULT
Black turfgrass ataenius
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
GRUB
ADULT
BILLBUG
COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS
Leatherjacket
Crane fly
• Soft-bodied• No wings• No sex• Primary activity: food acquisition
• Larvae usually the damaging stage• Examples: caterpillars, grubs, maggots
LARVAE
• Formed by larva in protected location• Little or no movement; no feeding• Larval tissues broken down• Wings, reproductive organs form
PUPAE
Famous pupae:The silkworm, Bombyx mori
• Wings• Usually non-feeding• Hard bodied• Primary activity: mate acquisition
ADULTS
Control of insectswith complete metamorphosis
Larvae are usually targeted because:• Most damaging stage• Can�t fly away• Easier to control
√Oriental beetle
√Japanese beetle
√Green June beetle
√Chafers?√Black turfgrass ataenius
√Asiatic garden beetle
√Sod webworms
√Cutworms & armyworms?√Billbugs & weevils
√Crane flies
ADULTSLARVAEINSECT PEST
Control of insects with complete metamorphosis
Adults are not usually treated, but can be used as an �early warning system�
• Late June/early July chafer flights
• BTA adults on greens, in clippings
• Sod webworms hovering over turf
= ??
Black cutworm adult
Black cutworm larva (caterpillar)
Crane fly larva
= ??
White grub
Sod webworm
Masked chafer
WHITE GRUBS
Masked chafer Black turfgrass ataenius
WHITE GRUBSLARVAE = WHITE GRUBS• Fat & soft bodied; ¼� � 1� long• Usually in �C� shape• 6 legs• Hungry!• Soil insects
• White or transparent/gray with dark head
ADULTS = SCARAB BEETLES• Hard bodied beetles• Dark color• Wings• Usually non-feeding
Products effective for white grubs
trichlorfonDylox
thiamethoxamMeridian
imidaclopridMerit
halofenozideMach 2
CarbarylSevin
AcephateOrthene
FoliageSoilActive IngredientProduct
* water in * 2-3 months activity * preventive
X
X
X
X
X
X
CATERPILLARS
• Soft bodied• Long and thin• Many legs• Darker colored than grubs• Hungry!• Feed on foliage• Adults are butterflies & moths
Products effective for caterpillars
deltamethrinDeltagardhalofenozideMach 2spinosadConserve
λ cyhalothrinScimitar
chlorpyrifosDursban
cyfluthrinTempocarbarylSevinbifenthrinTalstaracephateOrthene
FoliageSoilActive IngredientProduct
* Do not water in * 1-2 wks activity * curative
XXX
XX
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