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[JnderstandingraphicHnformationHaveyou ever eadso many factsat once hat you had trouble

hem?A paragraph ontainingmany numbers, or example,ou wonderingwhat the main point is. Thbles, raphs,andgraphicaidsoftendo a better ob of organizing nformation for

than text.

Thbles rganize nformationby putting it into categories rrangedand rows.You can reada table rom top to bottom inor from left to right across ows.Look at the tablebelow.ou need nformation about mmigration in the 1980s.1981-1990 t the op of the ableand readthat column. To seehow Asian mmigration changed

hrough he 1980s,eadacrosshe row

Graphsare used o showgroupsof numbers.The numbers n an fact,can often be turned into a graph.Two typesof graphswill seeoften in your schoolworkarebar graphsand circleExamples f both typesof graphsare shown on thepage.

the ith tellsyouufiatkindof infomationhetabhcontains

Heading longhe opand abels t $ hftsidehelppu locateheinformationut need.

24.7Undestanding raphicnformation 699

REGIONSEuropeAsiaIheAmericasAfricaAllOther

r96r-19701,238.6

445.31,592.339.3' t9.1

1971-1980801.3

1,633.81,929.491 .537.3

198r-1990705,6

2,817.43,580.9192.341.9 Notehat nrnrbets ngivenn l.O00shnumber 05.6 henfiorgmeam 05,6d1immi-. grants

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scalet he eft ellshenumbersean.also llowsou oowmuchrmanyfsomethingarstandsor.

quicklyee owas hangedhe 1960s.romas hef mmigrantshemost ince1960s?

unit24study kitts

Bar Gnaphs Each umber n a bar graph s representedy a bar.Thegraphcanhavehorizontal ieft o right) or vertical bottomtotop) bars.Ttie engthor heightof thebar ndicateshe sizeof thenumber.Thebar graphbelowshows omeof the same nformationthat the tableon page699shows.Noticehow the heightsof the barsallowyou to comparehe numberseasily.

Circle Graphs In a circlegraph, nformation spresented sslices f a pie. Circlegraphsaresometimesalledpiecharts.)Thegraphbeginswith a circle hat standsor the wholeof something. orexample,he wholecirclecould epresentheworld population.Each liceof thecircleshows part of the whole. f thewholecircle sthe world's mmigrantpopulation,each licecouldshow he mmigrantpopulationof oneregion.

Noticeoweasyt is ocomparehesizesf heslices.hichwo egionscomelosestnnumbersof mmigrants?

c:E.5EG

EEooE=z.

I1961-1970 1371-rsSol9Sr-tgqt

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Sincea circle graph showsparts of a whole, the slicesare oftenmarkedaspercentages.he whole circle s 100percent-or all.Thepercentagesf all the slices dd up to 100percent.The circlegraphon the previous pageshows nformation taken from the table onpage699.Maps

Mapsshowaportionof the earth's urface.Mapscanshowavarietyof information.Physicalmapsshownatural eatures f theearth's urface,uchas iversand mountains.Politicalmapsshow heboundaries f countries, tates,ndotherpoliticaldivisions, sweilascities.Physical ndpolitical eatures reoftencombined n a singlemap.Historicalmapsmayshowareas eldby particulargroupsduring a certainperiod n history.Theymayshowchangesnboundaries ver ime or otherhistorical nformation.

Ihe itleof hemapellswhattssubjects.Ihetitleofa historicalapwilltellwhateriodfhistoryhemap hows.Mostmaps ave egend,rkey,oexplainhe eatureshey how.Ihismap ey xplainsow olbrsreusedoshow acheriodfgrowthof heRomanmpire.

A map calelets oumeasuredistancesnthemap.

24.7Understandingraphicnformation 7O l

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DiagramsHas someone ver ried to describean unfamiliar objector processto you?Perhapsou had troubleunderstandingt until heor shedrewa picture.Beingable opicturethe partsof an objector to picturehow the objectworkscan helpyou under-

stand t. That'swhy we usediagrams.

Diagramsarepictures hatshowaprocess r showrelationships mongpartsofan object.Insomediagrams,eachpart of an object slabeled.A label may include

lfoot0rCrown

RootRootanalMany iagramsrecutawaystat sltwfie inside fsoncfiingyonwouldnotnomally ee.

7O2 unit24study kius

l .

an explanationof what that part doesor how it relates o thewhole.Diagramshelpyou understandan objectmuch moreeasilyhan if you had a written or spokendescription.

Answer he following questions boutgraphic nformation.Which type of graphicaidwould bestshow he areas ontrolledby Egypt n1800 .c.?Which type of graphicaid would bestshowhow the space huttleworks?Which typeof graphicaid would bestshowwhat portion of your total diet ismadeup of fruits andvegetables,rotein foods,dairyproducts,grains,andother foods?Which type of graphicaid would bestshow he amountsof oil imported bythe fivebiggestoil-importing countries?What regioncontributed he most immigrants o the UnitedStatesn theperiod 98l-1990?Usea graphicaid in this essono answer.

2.3.

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