Underground Physics Research in Finland

Jukka MaalampiDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of JyväskyläandHelsinki Institute of Physics

RECFA Helsinki 8-9 October 2010

An Underground Cosmic Ray Experiment EMMA (Experiment with MultiMuon Array) in Pyhäsalmi mine. Under construction and testing.

Megaton observatory for neutrinos and proton decay (LAGUNA). In Design Study phase. Pyhäsalmi mine a candidate

location.

Underground Physics projects

CUPP - Center of Underground Physics in Pyhäsalmi mine

Administrated by University of Oulu. Supported by University of Jyväskylä.

Research activity since 2000 Pyhäsalmi mine is the deepest

operating hard rock mine in Europa (1444 m). Known ore reserves until ca 2018. Operated by Inmet Mining Corporation, Canada

Small scale pilot experiments Radon migration in the rock

2000-2001 China University of Geophysics

Investigation of Neutron Multiplicity Khlopin Radium Institute of St.

Petersburg MUG 2000-2002

Muons UnderGround. Measured muon flux at different depths down to 210 m

MUD 2004-2005 Movable Underground

Detector. Measured muon flux down to 1490 m

EMMA – Experiment with Multi-Muon Array Experiment for studying the knee-area

of the cosmic ray energy spectrum via multi-muon events

Recycled LEP-DELPHI drift chambers & small scale scintillators (manufac-tured by IHEP, Protvino)

Under construction at the depth of 75 m, to be completed in 2011. Total detector area 300 m2

Funded mainly by EU through the Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ~300 k€/yr. Funding also from the Academy of Finland and universities and grants from private foundations. Total funding so far ~2 M€. Scintillators 0.7 M€, drift chambers ~0 k€.

The concept Measures the laternal

distribution of muons which depends on the chemical composition of the primary cosmic rays.

Novelty: only the high-energy muons created close to the primary cosmic ray reach the detector

Direction sensitivity < 1 degree

EMMA Collaboration

The Finnish EMMA team (+ summer students)U. Jyväskylä and U. Oulu

T. Enqvist, J. Joutsenvaara, P. Kuusiniemi, T. Räihä, J. Sarkamo University of Oulu, Finland

T. Kalliokoski, K. Loo, M. Slupecki, W.H. Trzaska, A. Virkajärvi University of Jyväskylä, Finland

L. Bezrukov, L. Inzhechik, B. Lubsandorzhiev, V. Petkov, V. Volchenko, A. Yanin RAS/INR, Moscow, Russia

H. FynboUniversity of Århus, Denmark

PhD-students underlined

Scientific Advisory Board Tiina Suomijärvi (Orsay), chair Leonid Bezrukov (INR, Russian Academy of Sciences) Anatoly Erlykin (Durham/LPI, Moscow) Andreas Haungs (Karlsruhe)

LAGUNALarge Apparatus for Grand Unification and Neutrino Astrophysics

Design study 2009-2011 (FP 7, 1.7 M€) 9 countries, 28 institutions, ~100 members Finland: U. Jyväskylä, U. Oulu, Kalliosuunnittelu Oy

Rockplan (rock engineering), ~10 persons involved, EU funding 0.24 M€. Salaries from other sources (Universities, foundations, Rockplan).

Pyhäsalmi mine a candidate location (6 other) 3 detector options: GLACIER (LiAR), LENA (LScin),

MEMPHYS (WC) Technical feasibility study done (~1200 pages)

Cite candidates

ASPERA Roadmap

To be updated soon.

Scientific goals Long/Short Baseline neutrino

physics CP violation Mass hierarchy CERN-Pyhäsalmi offers a LBL (2300 km

≈ ”magic baseline”) not considered elsewhere in the world

CERN-Fréjus offers a SBL (130 km) not considered elsewhere in the world

Proton decay (testing GUTs) Solar neutrinos Supernova neutrinos (new&old) Geoneutrinos

Thank you for your attention!

Backup slides

Test run in spring 2010A 29 track event in station C