epiphany conference at cracow “physics in underground laboratories and its connection with...

L. Mosca EPIPHANY Conf 6-8 Jan 2010 1

EPIPHANY Conference at Cracow “Physics in Underground Laboratories and its connection with LHC”

- 6 to 8 January 2010 -

Fréjus site for LAGUNA

Luigi Mosca

CEA-Saclay and LSM-Fréjus

)

• Present LSM (Laboratoire Souterrain de Modane) :

depth ≈ 4800 mwe, volume ≈ 3500 m3

• Main Experiments :

- EDELWEISS II (Dark Matter direct detection)

- NEMO 3 (Double Decay) --

- Weak radioactivity measurements for different purposes

(15 Germanium test-benches)



Project of a first extension of the present LSM (volume ≈ 60 000 m3) mainly for the next generation of Dark Matter and Double Decay experiments

First a brief reminder of

LAGUNA as a European cooperation

and as an FP7 Design Study Network



• European Cooperation Project LAGUNA(30 Institutions in 10 countries)

Grand Unification

Proton Decay up to ≈ 1035 years lifetime

mainly to study Supernovae (burst + “relics”)

the Sun (solar ’s )

Neutrinos from Cosmic rays (atmospheric ’s)

the Earth (geo ’s )

Neutrino properties accelerators (super-beam and beta-beam)

and Astrophysics


• In the LAGUNA Cooperation

the main Physics goals are common,

while 3 different detection techniques are proposed

3 detector types : GLACIER, LENA, and MEMPHYS, and

7 candidate sites : Boulby (UK), Fréjus (France/Italy), Umbria (Italy), LSC (Spain), Pyhäsalmi (Finland), Sunlab (Poland), Slanic (Romenia)

There is a strong complementarity

among the 3 detector approaches,

to be better investigated inside LAGUNA


• The 3 detectors : R&D and physics

• GLACIER (Liquid Argon TPC) --> Dorota Stefan talk

• LENA (Liquid Scintillator) --> Michael Wurm talk

• MEMPHYS (Water Cherenkov) -> Michela Marafini talk


80 m

An example of complementarity :



130 Km

630 Km659 Km

Bulby mine: 1050 Km

SUNLAB 950 Km

Unirea Salt Mine

= CERN

CASO

Pyhhäsalmi 2300 Km

LAGUNA as an FP7 Design Study Network Four Working Packages :

WP1 : Management and coordination

WP2 : Underground Infrastructures and engineering (including

tanks and liquids handling)

WP3 : Safety and environmental and socio-economic issues

WP4 : Science Impact and Outreach

Main deliverable : a “conceptual design report” on the feasibility

of a megaton-scale underground infrastructure to allow policy

makers to define the European strategy in this field of research



• Main topics to be addressed in the feasibility study for each site and each type of experiment on the basis of their requirements :

1) determination of the best shape for very large cavities and of their possible dimensions (using simulations constrained

by the knowledge of the type, structure and stress of the rock)2) optimisation of the access to these cavities (tunnels, shafts, local

bypasses, …)3) study of the basic equipment and facilities : ventilation and air-

filtering and conditioning, liquid production (if any) and transportation and continuous purification “factories” (in connection with WP3), electrical power supply, clean rooms, computing facilities, etc.

4) incorporation of the relevant safety conditions and equipments (for long term stability of the cavities, for fire, liquid leaks and evaporation risks, etc), in connection with WP3.

5) evaluation of the cost and time of realisation of the different parts of each site’s infrastructure (and also maintenance cost)

Now let us consider the study(*) (well advanced)

of the Fréjus site as a candidate for the LAGUNA Project

(*) by the Lombardi Company



0 1000 2000 3000

04 0002000 6 000 8 000

102

103

104

105

106

IMB

SOUDAN

CANFRANC

KAMIOKA

BOULBY MINE

GRAN SASSO

HOMESTAKE LSM

BAKSAN MONT BLANC

SUDBURY

Depth (meters)

Depth (meters of water equivalent)

(FINLANDE)

ST GOTHARD

(WIPP)

muon

flux

per

m2

and

per

year

( FRÉJUS )

4800


≈ 13 km (12 870 m)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34

70 m x 70 m x 250 m

France Italy

Future Lab.

Present road Tunnel at Fréjus (grey)andfuture Tunnel (black) for safety (*) and for an independent access to the Fréjus Lab(s)______________________________________________________ (*) with 34 bypasses (shelters) connecting the two Tunnels


130 Km


Example of possible location of LAGUNA detectors near the existing infrastructure

LSM(1982)

Road tunnel(1974 – 1978)

LAGUNA detector(example with MEMPHYS)

Safety tunnel(2009 – under construction)

FRANCE

ITALY

L. Mosca EPIPHANY Conf 6-8 Jan 2010 18L. Mosca 18

Caverns shape and dimensions for the 3 detectors candidates

Volumes of excavations :

•GLACIER: 160'000 m3

•LENA: 111'000 m3

•MEMPHYS: 838'000 m3 (3 caverns)

GLACIER


LENA


MEMPHYS



GLACIER – Final lining

•Thickness: 1.5 m (roof and vertical wall)


LENA – Final lining

•Thickness: 0.7 m (roof and vertical

wall)

•In vertical walls to be installed

proceeding bottom-up

•Thickness of the lower part (20 m)

increased to 1.2 m


MEMPHYS – Final lining•Thickness: 1.5 m (roof and vertical wall), 2.3 m in the lower part (15 m)


Roof excavation sequence (GLACIER)


Geomechanical feasibility

• GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS option are all feasible at Fréjus site.

• The geomechanical feasibility remains valid also by a small change of the size of the excavation, both in the diameter and height of the cavern.

• The geomechanical conditions at Frejus are well known and further investigations are basically not required. The safety tunnel under construction will provide further information.

• The support system proposed guarantees the long term stability and the absence of significant time dependent displacement of the cavity.

• The support system proposed has sufficient reserve to ensure the stability of the cavern in case of earthquake.

Mechanical interaction with rock (MEMPHYS)

FREE TANKTANK IN CONTACT WITH

ROCK

TOP THICKNESS

1.0 cm 1.0 cm

BOTTOM THICKNESS

15.7 cm 1.0 cm

STEELMASS

11‘170 kg 3‘970 kg

L. Mosca 27EPIPHANY Conf 6-8 Jan 2010

Thermal interaction with rock (MEMPHYS)

Solution with the insulation Solution without the insulation

ROCK: T = 30°C

WATER: T = 13°CHEAT ENERGY TRANSFER (Q)

L. Mosca 28EPIPHANY Conf 6-8 Jan 2010


Tank feasibility and tank construction

• The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass is feasible at Fréjus site for LENA and MEMPHYS option. For GLACIER option an independent tank is preferable.

• The solution with tank placed in contact with the rock mass can save the amount of steel needed (7‘200 kg for MEMPHYS option, 3‘600 kg for LENA option).

• Both the solution with the insulation and without insulation are feasible at Fréjus site.

• In case of absence of water circulation in the rock mass, the solution without the insulation is preferable, from an economic point of view.

Concerning the distance of a given site from CERN

two different strategies can be considered :

(see Mauro Mezzetto talk)

a) “short” long-baseline (with “low” energy) : - low background (absence of inelastic events)

- negligible matter effect (good for a clean CP-V measurement)

- “mass hierarchy” determined by atmospheric events

- feasible with the present CERN accelerators (PS and SPS)

• “long” long-baseline (with “high” energy) :

- higher background due to inelastic events

- “mass hierarchy” determination possible without atmospheric but need to disentangle it from CP-Violation effects

- need more important upgrade of the CERN accelerators



A possible schedule for a European Lab. at Fréjus

Year 2008 2012 2016 2020

Safety tunnel Excavation

Lab cavity ExcavationPS Study

detector PM R&D PMT production

Det.preparation InstallationOutside lab.

Non-acc.physics P-decay, SN

Superbeam Construction Superbeam

betabeam Beta beamConstruction

decision for cavity digging decision for SPL construction decision for EURISOL site


Conclusions and outlook

- The main physics goals are common inside the LAGUNA Cooperation - The LAGUNA programme aims at otherwise inaccessible fundamental phenomena - The 3 detector approaches are complementary - LAGUNA is a European cooperation, but it is also open to the world community !

- The FRÉJUS site (at the French/Italian border) : - is the deepest in Europe (4800 mwe) - GLACIER, LENA and MEMPHYS options are all possible from the geo-mechanical point of view (optimal type of rock) at this depth - independent horizontal access via the safety tunnel ( = 8m) - the long-distance access is optimal by highways, TGVs and airports - the distance from CERN (130 Km) is OK (even if not fully optimized)

for a 13 and CP-Violation strategy with a “short” long-baseline - strong support from the local authorities

L. Mosca EPIPHANY Conf 6-8 Jan 2010

and finally at EPIPHANY the “Magi” indicate to us the direction that we have to follow …

33

DZIKUJ !


Back-up



Neutrino Background from Power Plants based on 2008 data

W.H.Trzaska on behalf of the Finnish LAGUNA Team(calculations by Kai Loo)

+ 77

After 2012

Measured spectra of reactor neutrinos for U-235,Pu-239 andPu-241 were used. For U-238 calculated spectra were used.

Event rates were calculated for a KamLand-type scintillator det.

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