UNCTADEnterprise Development Branch

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Mission Statement

• To assist enterprises to realize their trade and investment opportunities.

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How the Mission is accomplished….

• By building institutional capacity at the country level so that developing countries can assist their enterprises to survive and compete in the global economy.

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Activities

• Engages in research on best practices

• Promotes inter-governmental consensus on policies and programmes

• Assures policy coherence at the national and international levels

• Undertakes technical cooperation activities

Organigram of the Branch

EnterpriseDevelopment

EnterprisePolicies

EnterpriseCapacity Building

Financial Services& Governance

Policycoherence

NationalStrategies

Accounting / Reporting

CorporateGovernance

SpecialProjects

EMPRETEC

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Enterprise Policies - National strategies• Identification of effective private sector development strategies

– Public-private sector dialogue : building awareness/commitment/partnership.

• Business development services– One stop shop (EMPRETEC)– Networking / South-South cooperation– Disadvantaged entrepreneurs : Women, Rural

• Financing SMEs– Obstacles to commercial bank lending– Implementing Monterrey Consensus– Combining business & financial services

• Technology transfer for SMEs– Financing technology– Acquiring technology via interfirm cooperation

• Business linkages• Clustering

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Enterprise Policies - Policy coherence

• Interface between national strategies and WTO, IMF, BIS requirements

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EMPRETEC• Purpose : Contribute to the development of a

dynamic private sector• 5 Stages: Formal request, Consensus with the

Government, Initial implementation of ENC, Final implementation of ENC, Project Maturity-ENC

• Map of countries where EMPRETEC installed• Products & Services• South-South Cooperation• Impacts

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EMPRETEC Installation phases• Phase I Formal request for an Empretec project and

initial discussions;• Phase II Programming mission, assessment of national

SME sector, consensus with Government,identification of counterpart, drafting of project document;

• Phase III Recruitment of staff, including the director, establishment of Advisory Board, initial core activities;

• Phase IV Operationalization of full project, putting in place basic training and services, certificationof local trainers, setting up a national association of participants;

• Phase V Maturity of project, offering customized training and other services, progress toward financial self-sustainability, establishing of legal entity (e.g. foundation, association).

Operational Empretec Centers

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EMPRETECProducts & Services

• Entrepreneurship Training Workshop (ETW)

• Intrapreneurship

• Agrotech

• Iniciativa

• PROEX

• Financial services

• Business linkages

• Women entrepreneurs

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South-South cooperation• Brazil Angola, Guyana, Jordan, Mozambique, Romania,

Palestinian Territory (core activities)• Chile Argentina (Business Plan training)

• Colombia Argentina, Chile, Venezuela (Agrotech)• Ethiopia & Zimbabwe Uganda (core activities)• Ghana Enterprise Africa (core activities)

• Ghana Ethiopia, Guyana (ETW) • Uruguay El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama (core activities)• Uruguay Argentina, Panama (PROEX)

• Uruguay El Salvador, Ethiopia, Morocco,Zimbabwe (Iniciativa)

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Empretec impact via MED2000

2912001PalestinianTerritory

Uganda

Morocco

Jordan

Ethiopia

Country

1999

1998

2001

1999

Programmestart year

2128

15010

402

47720

No.ofParticipants

No.ofETWs

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EMPRETEC in Latin America(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

596037V1993Venezuela

91,60373V1989Uruguay

1145921IV2000Panama

31567III2001Guatemala

485538IV2000El Salvador

373025V1996Colombia

31,56063V1990Chile

20056,3802,244V1992Brazil

61,05749V1989Argentina

TrainersParticipantsETWPhaseYearCountry

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EMPRETEC in Africa(cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

24147768V1992Zimbabwe

152128IV1999Uganda

2602III2001Senegal

422511IV2000Mozambique

515010IV1998Morocco

1093844V1990Ghana

1547720V1999Ethiopia

TrainersParticipantsETWPhaseYearCountry

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EMPRETEC in other parts of the world (cumulative figures until Feb 2003)

61204IV2002Romania

4291III2001PalestinianTerritory

4402III2001Jordan

TrainersParticipantsETWPhaseYearCountry

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Special Projects

• Business linkages

• Women entrepreneurs

• Corporate social responsibility

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Financial Services & Governance

• ECOSOC mandate

• Bangkok mandate

• ISAR (members)

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ECOSOC mandate• Concerned about the lack of adequate disclosure, reliability

and comparability of financial reports by TNCs:

– July 1972, convoked a “group of high-ranking independent experts” or the group of “Eminent Persons”

• In July 1975 the Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (GEISAR) was established

• Based on the Recommendations of the predecessor ad hoc expert group, ECOSOC, established the IntergovernmentalWorking Group of Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) as a standing expert group.

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ISAR mandate• make a positive contribution to standard-setting at the

national and regional level

• take appropriate action to ensure the comparability of disclosure by transnational corporations

• serve as an international body for the consideration of issues of accounting and reporting

• review developments in the field of international accounting and reporting; including the work of standard-setting bodies

• concentrate on establishing priorities (of work) taking into account the needs of home and host countries, particularly those of developing countries.

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Bangkok mandate• As per Bangkok Plan of Action (2000) paragraph

122,

– UNCTAD should promote increased transparency and financial disclosure by encouraging the use of internationally recognized accounting, reporting and auditing standards and improved corporate governance. UNCTAD should develop appropriate technical cooperation programmes inthis field.

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ISAR membership

1

1

34

9

3

6

No. Of seats

13Total

6Western Europe and other regions

1Eastern Europe

4Latin America and Caribbean

7Asia

9Africa

VacanciesRegion

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Main areas of work of ISAR

• Transparency/accountability/comparability

• Accounting by SMEs

• Corporate governance / Disclosures

• Corporate social responsibilityEnvironmental accounting & reportingSocial accounting & reporting

• Capacity buildingGuidelines on professional qualifications

Role and responsibility of auditors