uncc graduate preservation green lab survey

Vernacular Buildings Survey: Energy Retrofit PotentialUNCC Graduate Preservation Green Lab

Charlotte, North Carolina

In cooperation with

Team Members

Group 1: William Allen and Nicole RiveraGroup 2: Cortney Albert and Kareem MansourGroup 3: Yashika Gulati and Jigisha MehtaGroup 4: Rebecca Breffeilh and Dmitriy LednevGroup 5: Anne Schneider and Lindsay SheltonGroup 6: Garrett Lapping and Samantha StonePermit Research: Dylan McKnight

Team Leader: Jennifer L. CaldwellFaculty Advisor: Dale Brentrup, AIA, IES

NTHP Research Fellow Coordinator: Jeana C. WiserNTHP Project Director: Ric Cochrane

NTHP Preservation Green Lab “Getting to 50” - University of North Carolina Charlotte School of Art + Architecture (Center for Integrated Building Design Research)

1 NTHP Overview and Introduction1.1 About 1.2 General Building Information

2 Site

2.1 General Building Information2.2 First Floor Windows2.3 Upper Floor Windows2.4 Exterior Shading Devices

3 Building Use Sections

3.1 General Section Information3.2 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)3.3 Domestic Hot Water

4 Narratives

5 Photography

6 Site and Context

6.1 Overview6.2 Central / Plaza District6.3 Elizabeth District

7 Survey Collection Data

7.1 1-Story Freestanding7.1.1 Pre-WWII

7.1.2 Post-WWII7.1.3 Grocery

7.2 2+ Story, Attached; Converted Warehouse or Showroom7.2.1 Pre-WWII7.2.2 Other / Post-WWII

7.3 2+ Story; Office

7.4 Main Street7.4.1 2+ Story7.4.2 1-Story7.4.3 Religious

7.5 Lodging

7.6 School; Freestanding7.6.1 Pre-WWII7.6.2 Post-WWII

7.7 1-Story Retail Strip7.7.1 Strip Mall7.7.2 Neighborhood Storefront Rows

7.8 Other; Converted Residence

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The National Trust for Historic Preservation is a private, nonprofit membership organi-zation dedicated to protecting the irreplaceable. Recipient of the National Humanities Medal, the National Trust was founded in 1949 and provides leadership, education, advocacy, and resources to save America’s diverse historic places and revitalize communities.

New Buildings Institute (NBI) and the Preservation Green lab (PGL) of the National Trust for Historic Preservation have joined together to develop tools and strategies to better un-derstand current building performance and simplify the path forward into deep savings. This initiative is called Getting to 50 (GT50) - a target of 50% savings for existing buildings. GT50 will enable deep energy savings (40% to 60%) by disseminating best practices and technical tools to support building upgrades.

NBI is leading the national effort, conducting the technical analysis and tool develop-ment. These tools and strategies will help the market better understand current building perfor-mance and simplify the path to deep savings.

PGL is providing experience on the existing buildings database and helping connect the tool to the marketplace. A major focus of this work is characterization of the existing building stock smaller than 50,000 square feet - the large majority of buildings by number, but an over-looked segment of the building stock due to the diversity of physical building types, ownership patterns, and other factors.

This segmentation will prove useful to policy-makers trying to understand the potential for deep energy savings in an underserved market sector. Additionally, the research will aid in the development of design tools that can respond to the unique characteristics of small build-ings. PGL has identified a set number of building typologies of interest and has defined these typologies to the extent that existing data allows. The final step in this segmentation effort is a national survey of the selected building typologies, with a target of One Thousand (1,000) build-ings in ten geograhically distributed regions of the country. PGL is providing survey guidelines and an online submission mechanism.

O u r C o o r d i n at o r s

The University of North Carolina at Charlotte was approached by the National Trust for Historic Preservation, requesting student surveyors to participate in a ‘nation-wide’ building survey of older, smaller, commercial and mixed-use buildings. The surveyors volunteered for the position with a return of 3 credit hours earned toward their education. All students were or cur-rently are seeking their Masters of Architecture, “with a strong interest in building classification, preservation, building reuse and/or sustainability”. The surveyors conducted the building survey using the survey website (www.greenlabsurvey.org) in combination with a printable copy of the survey and other associated supporting documents, including a survey handbook.

The course titled Graduate Preservation Green Lab (ARCH6050-T05) students we asked to create teams of two, which made six Groups including an individual volunteer for Permit Re-search only. The teams conducted the surveys over the Spring semester course in 2012 and was coordinated in Charlotte by a volunteer student Team Leader. Field surveys were conducted for mixed-use buildings in the area chosen districts, Elizabeth and Central, that would serve useful for evaluating Energy Retrofit Potentials. All images are original to the students in the course including, but not limited to the photograph, diagram, graph, etc., unless otherwise noted, pub-lic, or by signed waiver release. Any and/or all data is not ensured to be accurate since the data collected was retrieved by means of Internet research, library catalogs, interviews, etc.

A well deserved “Thank You” goes to the surveyors and their hard work for obtaining the hard-to-find data and their great productivity throughout the semester. Congratulations to our team, we won 3rd Place in the national effort of teams from:

--University of Pennsylvania --School of the Art Institute of Chicago--University of Kentucky --The New School--University of North Carolina --University of Colorado-Denver--University of Texas-Austin --Arizona State University

1.1A b o u t U s

1.2G e n e ra l B u i l d i n g I n f o r m at i o n

The first section of this report (1-5) documents the survey collection questions pub-lished by the National Trust for Historic Preservation. Information or images contained under a heading “Survey Analysis” under this section are survey results and/or analyses obtained from UNCC’s Graduate Green Lab data. Some typologies are variable across regions and the Charlotte building stock produced inadequacies for some of the building types outlined. Not every section has a district-specific or associated questions image. Chapter Six describes the Charlotte districts chosen for the survey. Specific building surveys were chosen to illustrate in this document to best depict each typology listed and described in Chapter Seven. General comments and conclu-sions are made in Chapter 8 with References and Notes following in Chapter 9.

Figure 1.2.1

S u rv e y A n a ly s i s

1.1.1 Category Results of Survey


1.1.5 Number of Buildings Constructed

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1.1.9 Overall Gross Square Footage Percentage

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2.1.4 Building Exterior Cladding Percentage Results


2.1.7 Percentage of Buildings Orientation Direction


2.1.13 Building Roof Material Results

2.1.12 Building Roof Shape Results

2.1.11 Glazing Percentage Results

Percentage of Horizontal Shading Devices

2.2.4 Percentage of Vertical Shading Devices


2.2.7 Percentage of Horizontal Shading Devices

2.2.7 Percentage of Vertical Shading Devices


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Primary Fuel Type Results


Primary Fuel Type - Domestic HW Results

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INTRODUCTION

As the second largest financial center in the nation, Charlotte has evolved from unsteady eco-nomic conditions by improving its research centers and networking across societal divides. Charlotte has also grown substantially in the international markets proving its national status among other great American cities.

The following graphs chart the number of buildings built from the chosen stock surveyed.

TOTAL PRE-WWII 30

TOTAL POST-WWII 53

Graph 6a Overall Buildings Constructed Pre - WWII

Graph 6b Overall Buildings Constructed Post WWII

Graph 6c Overall Buildings Constructed 1900 - 2000

6.1The neighborhood is historically comprised of local textile mill owners and management. Plaza Midwood is a vibrant neighborhood oc-cupied by young professionals and established middle class families. The life of the neighbor-hood flourishes day and night as many shops revitalize Central Avenue as a place to congre-gate and hangout. At night there are numerous restaurants and bars that attract crowds to ac-tivate the social side of Charlotte.

All-in-all, Plaza Midwood is successful as an urban neighborhood that has maintained its identity as a cool place to socialize. Plaza Mid-wood was first established in 1910, as a street-car suburb of Charlotte.

The Oakland land company was responsible for the layout of the roads within the neighbor-hood.

Plaza Midwood thrived during the Great De-pression and began to decline around 1950. Around 1975, the Plaza Midwood Neighbor-hood Association was established to protect and preserve the neighborhood. Since the mid 1990’s the area has seen dramatic comeback as reinvestment has transformed dilapidated homes into funky, urban dwellings. The rede-velopment has continued to this day and spilled over into surrounding neighborhoods, which has contributed to the overall renaissance of the former inner-ring suburbs of old Charlotte.

C e n t ra l / P l a z a D i s t r i c t

Figure 6.1.1 Buildings Surveyed in Central District

The Elizabeth neighborhood is just a few min-utes outside of uptown Charlotte. This neigh-borhood is quite similar to Plaza Midwood neighborhood, but is a bit wealthier. It is as-sumed that Plaza Midwood, which is consid-ered “in transition”, will end up being more similar to Elizabeth in the future.

Elizabeth College was a small Lutheran women’s college founded in 1987 on the present-day site of Presbyterian Hospital. Similar to Charlotte’s name origination, the Elizabeth neighbor-hood is also named after a woman. She was Anne Elizabeth Watts, whose husband, Gerard Snowden Watts, was in the tobacco business in Durham. The area developed rapidly starting in the early 1900’s and was boosted by a trolly an-nex in 1907. Elizabeth has changed drastically since the turn of the century . The most impor-tant reasons have been the growth and expan-sion of the medical complex in the neighbor-hood and the building of Independence Blvd. in the late 1940s. The area is also home to Char-lottes first public park, Independence Park and

the American Legion Memorial Stadium. After the first public park opened, Elizabeth became one of the most fashionable residential areas in Charlotte. Currently (as of 2006) the population for the neighborhood was 3,908 persons. The district appearance consists of mature trees and a pedestrian friendly-environment; most roads have sidewalks and there are many busi-nesses and residences in close proximity to one another. The current boundaries are roughly Randolph Road/4th Street to the Southwest; Independence Boulevard to the West and North; and a creek to the East. Major avenues include Elizabeth Avenue and 7th Street. A sub-stantial portion of the neighborhood is listed on the national record of historic places, as the “Elizabeth Historic District”. The neigborhood contains two major hospitals (Presbyterian and Mercy) and numerous medical offices. There are also many old houses located along 7th Street that have been converted to shops, offic-es, and restaurants. A redevelopment project is currently underway for the surrounding area.

6.2

E l i z a b e t h D i s t r i c t

Figure 6.2.1 Buildings Surveyed in Elizabeth District

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The chosen 83 buildings were selected with a typology structure dependent upon various factors including occupant use and original built date. Typology information within both neighborhoods is quantified in Table 7.0. Each building was assigned to one of the 33 typologies (includes the 26 original NTHP types). Preliminary attempts were made to include at least one building within each typology, in addition to an even distribution between the two neighborhoods/districts; how-ever, limited resources and time constraints only permitted what was “best available” within each district. A significant stock of “1-story Freestanding” masonry and concrete structures are built within both neighborhoods - including at least 15 buildings from the Elizabeth area and the Cen-tral District area holds at least 21 structures within the first typology. The oldest building under this survey is The Fig Tree Restaurant constructed in 1905 and a strip mall owned by the Rodgers Family is the youngest built in 1996. A total of 27 buildings were built Pre-WWII and a total of 74 buildings surveyed (89%) were built prior to 1970 - this was the NTHP preferred benchmark year because many old buildings are often the overlooked segment within the national building stock.

O V E R V I E W

7.0

Figure 7a Overall Typology 1 Breakdown

T Y P O LO GY S T R U C T U R E

Figure 7b Typology Structure of Survey

Graph 7.1.1 Overall Typology 1 Breakdown

7.11 - S t o ry Fr e e s ta n d i n g

One-Story buildings are undoubtedly the most prevalent types of construction within the sur-veyed Central and Elizabeth neighborhoods. Even though more “total” buildings were surveyed in the Elizabeth district, its neighboring Central/Plaza Midwood district to the North exhibits a higher overall number of 1-story freestanding buildings. This typology is seen in 37% of the Eliza-beth building stock (EBS) and 57% in Central building stock (CBS).

Graph 7.1.2 Elizabeth District - Typology 1 Breakdown Graph 7.1.3 Central District - Typology 1 Breakdown

GT50 Building Typology: 1A1 (1-story, freestanding, Pre-WWII, Masonry & Concrete)

Current name: Fuel PizzaCurrent use: RestaurantYear of Construction: 1930

Street address: 1501 Central Ave Charlotte, NC 28205-5013Building’s parcel ID: 08117408

Gross Square Footage: 1,478 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 1,148 sq. ft.

Current owner: David E. and Shirley B. Garmon Not owner-occupied (owner managed) Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision making specific to the propertyOriginal/Historic Name: Pure Oil Fueling StationOriginal Use: Auto Garage / Parking - Gas StationPassive Features: Operating garage door for natural ventilation, large covered outdoor eating area on the southern facade provides shading.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 1 a

Building Height: 24 feetFirst Floor Height: 9-11 feetCladding Material: WoodBuilding Shape: L-ShapeFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Wood-FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: GableRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Wood

Exterior Shading Devices: South Horizontal >4 feetPermit History: 1965 - Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added1966 - Roofing material replacement1974 - Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added1996 - Change of Use /unconditioned to conditioned (commercial) Balzers Restaurant

3 Doors Total:1 main entrance1 back entrance

1 roll-up, on grade

Figure 7.1.4 South Facade

Figure 7.1.5 Door Schedule

Figure 7.1.6 North Facade

During the year 1936, the neighborhood saw the opening of Pure Oil gas station at Central and Pecan, which cur-rently remains a historical landmark. The facility was built to resemble a small Tudor Revival cottage, complete with a steep-pitched roof and wood/stucco “half timbering.” It was part of Pure Oil’s national policy to try to fit their sta-tions into residential neighborhoods and give this new land use an added respectability. Today, the Plaza-Midwood structure is Charlotte’s best surviving example of the company’s effort.

Figure 7.1.8 West Facade

Figure 7.1.7 East Facade

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with electric heat pump at exterior) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: ElectricitySecondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Gas

Residential/Apartment/Condominium Units: 0 Basement: 0

Figure 7.1.9 Street / Neighborhood Context

Central District


Current name: Queen’s Gallery & Fazio’s ArtCurrent use: Office / RetailYear of Construction: Bldg. (1) 1952; and Bldg. (2) 1936

Street address: 1212 The Plaza Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 12901201

Gross Square Footage: (1) 5,440; (2) 2,699 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: (1) 5,440; (2) 1,256 sq. ft.

Current owner: Joel Ostrow Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: Church of ChristOriginal Use: Public AssemblyPassive Features: The building has large operable windows and tall ceilings to encourage passive ventila tion. There are also shutters on the windows to mitigate summer heat gain and glare to reduce cooling loads.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 1 b

Building Height: (1) 25 feet; (2) 18 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Wide rectangleFront Door Faces: WestStructural System: Reinforced Brick/MasonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: GableRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 0Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: > 6 feetHead Height: > 9 feet

Thickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History: 1979 Electrical Fixtures

1. Main entry door to Retail Store, double door, glass

2. basement door, single, wood3. porch door, single, wood4. Main entry door to Fazios art

store (closed), single, wood5. basement door, single, wood6. porch door, single, wood

(extreme disrepair)




Building 2 was originally the Church of Christ. As the church grew another larger building was constructed to service the church needs. In 1980 the church was bought and converted into an antique store which is its current use. There is no parking for the retail antique store because of the building’s history as a church. The doors to these two build-ings are all single wooden doors with the exception of the maine entry to building 1. The main entry to building 1 on the Northwestern facade is a double glass storefront door leading into the retail antique store. One of the accessory doors of building 2 leads to a small porch to the east which is in severe disrepair.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Combustion: fuel oilSecondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric



Central District


Current name: American BillardCurrent use: RetailYear of Construction: 1920

Street address: 1428 E 4th Street Charlotte, NC Building’s parcel ID: 12510410


Current owner: Roy T Number Five LLC Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: Linton Beauty ShopOriginal Use: RetailPassive Features: N/A

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 1 c

Building Height: 15 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: StuccoBuilding Shape: Wide rectangleFront Door Faces: EastStructural System: Reinforced ConcreteGlazing Percentage: 51 - 75%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up# Gas Meters: 2Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not OperableGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: SE & SW Horizontal < 2 feet Not movable/adjustable



Permit History: 1979 Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added1971 Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added


In the 1960’s for a brief time this was a beauty shop. In the late 70’s it turned into an electronics store. Today it is a vacant building that was once American Billiards Company. This building is situated on a corner of two streets that follow the regular grid of Charlotte. The grid is about 45 degrees off due north. American Billiards has two main facades, the ones facing the streets where as the other two are more “back of house.”



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air condtioner unit or heat pump for cooling) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Combustion: natural gasSecondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire building - 1960Fuel Type: Electric



Elizabeth District

GT50 Building Typology: 1B1 (1-story, freestanding, Post-WWII, Masonry & Concrete)

Current name: Thomas Street TavernCurrent use: RestaurantYear of Construction: 1950

Street address: 1218 Thomas Avenue Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 08117637


Current owner: Thomas Street Prop LLC Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Real Estate Investor/FundOriginal/Historic Name: Post OfficeOriginal Use: Other Passive Features: The building’s primary use of passive features is in the use of natural ventilation. With doors on the east and west facades, when open and with the help of ceiling fans there is good cross ventilation to keep the dining areas cool. There are also operable windows in the dining area on the north facade which contrib-ute to passive cooling as well. Interior blinds on the windows of the western facade help to mitigate heat gain and glare.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 2 a

Building Height: 18 feetFirst Floor Height: >=12 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Wide rectangleFront Door Faces: WestStructural System: Reinforced Brick/MasonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Combination (both mechanical/forced + natural/passive)

First Floor Windows: Operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History: 1968 - Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added

1. Main entry door, single, wood, half glass2. Patio door, double, wood, glass inserts3. Maintenance door, single, metal




There is little information available about this building’s history. What is known is that the building was once a post office serving the Plaza Midwood Community. The building was later converted for its current use as a restaurant. The main entry door on the West facade is a single wood door with a half glass insert. On the rear of the building on the East facade is a set of wood double doors with glass inserts that provides access to an outdoor porch area. Another door on the East facade functions as maintenance access and is a single metal door. Remodeled 2001.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air conditioner unit or heat pump for cooling Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Combustion: natural gasSecondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric



Central District


Current name: Happy Box ArchitectureCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1955

Street address: 927 Central Ave Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08021111


Current owner: Happy Box LLC; Carrie Gault Owner Occupied Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision-making specific to the property.Original/Historic Name: Amoco (Service Station)Original Use: Other (Garage/Gas Station)Passive Features: The walls are masonry with brick veneer, so the thermal mass should help a little with heating and cooling. Also, the two curtain wall windows on the East façade are oper able, which provides natural ventilation. There is only one exterior door to the building, which is located on the East façade. It enters directly into the entry/sitting area of the architecture firm. Originally, there were two roll-up doors also located on the East façade, but those have now been replace with curtain wall windows.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 2 b

Building Height: 14 feetFirst Floor Height: >=12 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Wide rectangleFront Door Faces: EastStructural System: Reinforced Brick/MasonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up

# Gas Meters: 0Ventilation System: Natural/PassiveFirst Floor Windows: Operable, half punched half curatin wallGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 9 feetThickness/Material: Double/MetalExterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History:

Figure 7.1.28 Floor Plan


Figure 7.1.30 Original Use / Historic Photo

The building is located on a small, triangular site sandwiched in between Central Ave. and E. 10th Street. Most of the buildings that surround this site are also older, brick buildings that have been adaptively reused. Directly behind the site is a dry cleaner. Across 10th Street is a popular, local Serbian restaurant called Intermezzo Pizzeria & Café. Finally, across Central Ave. is a family owned neighborhood coffeehouse called Central Coffee Company that also hand-makes its own pastries. It is another local favorite! The building was first built and used as an Amoco gas station (see pictures below). After it was a gas station, it was an inspection station, a car dealership, and then the current architecture studio. The brick veneer is also not original to the building – it was likely installed in the 1950s.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (individual fan unit(s) in occupied space connected by refrigerant piping to electric heat exchanger(s) located at exterior; “split system”). [2008] Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C


Equipment: Demand hot water at point of use (no tanks)Fuel Type: Electric



Central District



Current name: Sherwin Williams WarehouseCurrent use: RetailYear of Construction: 1966Street address: 1218 Gordon Street Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 08117653Gross Square Footage: 9,543 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 8,362 sq. ft.Current owner: Sherwin-Williams Company Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: Duron PaintOriginal Use: RetailPassive Features: Horizontal shading over the south and west glazed facade. The entrance to the building is also from the same glazed facade on the south side.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 2 c

Building Height: 25 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Precast Concrete PanelBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Steel FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Metal# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, curtain wallGlazing/Window Height: > 6 feetHead Height: 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / MetalExterior Shading Devices: South & West Horizontal; 2-4 feet; not movable

Permit History: 2009 - heating/cooling equipment replaced/added

Initially the structure supported a wooden ceiling hav-ing heating system in the false ceiling. In 2007, the heat-ing system was overheated and set the wooden roof on fire. So the whole roofing was redone and new HVAC equipments were installed. The only old construction is the wall. Rest everything had to be redone.



It is a free standing building with the service lane on the back side(north facade) and an entrance on south side with a small parking area in front. The west side has an access road that joins to Central Avenue. The east side is again flanked by a parking lot which serves the restaurant on the other side of the road. The east facade also house the HVAC equipments on the first floor. The loading area where the aluminum shutter is located is on the south facade of first floor .



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling: ducted central system (forced air) with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air con-ditioner unit or heat pump for cooling

Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Combustion (natural gas)Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric (2007)


Central District

GT50 Building Typology: 1D (1-story, freestanding, Pre-WWII, Masonry & Concrete)

Current name: Harris TeeterCurrent use: Supermarket / Grocery Year of Construction: 1950Street address: 1704 Central Ave Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 12901102Gross Square Footage: 29,736 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 28,286 sq. ft.Current owner: HTP Plaza, LLC Not Owner Occupied (professionally managed) Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: Harris Super MarketOriginal Use: Supermarket / GroceryPassive Features: The only passive component is the vestibule you enter between the parking-lot and inte rior of the building. This alone is not exactly passive, instead it primarily satisfies the typology of a grocery store.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 1 . 3

Building Height: +/- 25 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: L ShapedFront Door Faces: WestStructural System: CMU MasonryGlazing Percentage: 2-10%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: N/A




This is the first supermarket established by W. T. Harris and it was the first grocery that featured air-conditioning. It also stayed open late until 9 p.m. on Friday nights.


Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted system-forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air conditioner unit or heat pump for cooling) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Electricity & Combustion (natural gas)Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve individual units/spacesFuel Type: Electric



Central District

Permit History: 1975 – Mechanical Ductwork and installation1975 – Mechanical Controller system1974 – Building Occupancy Permit Type IV construction Occupancy B1963 – Heaters and Mechanical system install1963 – Water Heater Gas burner1963 – Building permit for construction

Figure 7.1.43 Interior View

Figure 7.2.1 Overall Typology 2 Breakdown

7.22 + S t o ry Fr e e s ta n d i n g

Figure 7.2.2 Elizabeth District - Typology 2 Breakdown Figure 7.2.3 Central District - Typology 2 Breakdown

GT50 Building Typology: 2A1 (2-story, freestanding, Pre-WWII, Converted Warehouse or Showroom)

Current name: The Terry BuildingCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1925

Street address: 1801 E 5th Street Charlotte, NC 28204 Building’s parcel ID: 12703702Gross Square Footage: 15,554 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 15,594 sq. ft.Current owner: Mary Grose Slominski Not Owner Occupied - Owner Managed Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: The Terry BuildingOriginal Use: Other (Dormitory)Passive Features: This building has a perforated wall along the south façade that acts as a shading device for the unit windows behind it. It also has an interior courtyard with a small pond that helps with evaporative cool-ing and shading. The operable windows can utilize cross ventilation as well.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 2 . 1 a

Building Height: 28 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: U ShapeFront Door Faces: SouthwestStructural System: Unreinforced Brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Operable / PunchedGlazing/Window Height: < 3 feetHead Height: < 7 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal & WoodExterior Shading Devices: South Vertical; 2-4 feet Not movalbe/adjustable


Figure 7.2.5 Building Footprint


This building was originally used as a nursing dormitory for Presbyterian Hospital. It has a common area with a kitch-en that is still used today for gatherings. It was designed to have an interior courtyard space as well. This building is located across the street (South) from St. John’s Baptist Church and Presbyterian Hospital (to the West). It is located on the same site as King’s College, roughly one block away from Independence Park. Queens University of Charlotte is also located on the block south of this site as well. This building is within walking distance of many shops and res-taurants located along Elizabeth Ave. A majority of the doors are wooden and located within an interior courtyard. Each door enters into individual units and has a narrow, door-high glazing strip next to it. Door #27 is a wooden door that leads to a storage area. Two doors on the end are egress doors exiting from the stairwells. All the doors in this building are single-hinged; most not replaced for at least 12 years.




Primary Fuel Type: Combustion: natural gas - 2012Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire building - 2002Fuel Type: Electric



Elizabeth District

GT50 Building Typology: 2A3 (2-story, freestanding, Pre-WWII, Converted Warehouse or Showroom)

Current name: Diamond RestaurantCurrent use: Mixed-Use (Office over Restaurant)Year of Construction: 1944

Street address: 1901 Commonwealth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28205 Building’s parcel ID: 08117620Gross Square Footage: 3,141 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 1,881 sq. ft.Current owner: Jimmy King, Ryan, Andy, & John Owner Occupied Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision making specific to the propertyOriginal/Historic Name: Diamond RestaurantOriginal Use: Mixed-Use (Office over Restaurant)Passive Features: Horizontal shading over glazing on south and east facing glazing.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 2 . 1 b

Building Height: 15 feetFirst Floor Height: 9-11 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Concrete Slab (Tilt-Up)Glazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Ashpalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 2Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not Operable / PunchedGlazing/Window Height: 3-6 feetHead Height: 7-9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: South & West Horizontal; 2-4 feet Not movalbe/adjustable


Figure 7.2.11 Building Footprint


Building has been with the same owner ever since its inception and has been diamond restaurant. Diamond restau-rant is located at the corner of the road facing both Commonwealth Avenue and Gordon Street. The main entry to the restaurant is from commonwealth avenue and the service area located on the Gordon Street.





Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire building Fuel Type: Gas



Elizabeth District

GT50 Building Typology: 2B (2-story, freestanding, Post-WWII, Converted Warehouse or Showroom)

Current name: U.S. Post OfficeCurrent use: Other RetailYear of Construction: 1957Street address: 1233 The Plaza Charlotte, NC 28211Building’s parcel ID: 08117631Gross Square Footage: 13,988 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 12,960 sq. ft.Current owner: Perry Brothers Investments, LLC Not Owner Occupied (professionally managed) Local GovernmentOriginal/Historic Name: U.S. Post OfficeOriginal Use: Other RetailPassive Features: The only passive system seen in the building was exterior shading devices. These were inoperable, horizontal overhangs that provide shading to west façade; however, it will likely have little to no benefit as a cooling strategy.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 2 . 2 a

Building Height: 15-25 feetFirst Floor Height: > 12 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Rectangle or SquareFront Door Faces: North, South, & EastStructural System: Reinforced ConcreteGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: N/A



Door # 1 Primary Double Door/Single-hinged

Glazed2 Secondary Single-hinged Glazed3 Secondary Single-hinged Opaque4 Secondary Double Door/Double-hinged

Opaque (Glass window)5 Secondary Single-hinged Opaque6 Secondary Garage Door Opaque


The only use of the building has been for a United States Post Office. The building is located on The Plaza St., with a bank located to the north. Across the street, to the east, is a Harris Teeter grocery store. Finally, to the south there is a Whisky Warehouse.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating only (individual fan units from a central hot water source) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C





Central District

GT50 Building Typology: 2B (2-story, freestanding, Post-WWII, Converted Warehouse or Showroom)

Current name: Cole Manufacturing WarehouseCurrent use: RestaurantYear of Construction: Bldg. (1) 1912; Bldg. (2) 1912; Bldg. (3) 1963Street address: 1318 Central Ave Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 08117722Gross Square Footage: (1) 24,315; (2) 13,584; (3) 11,408 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: (1) 22,425; (2) 13,200; (3) 11,408 sq. ft.Current owner: Cole Properties & Investments, Inc. Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Real Estate Investor/FundOriginal/Historic Name: Cole ManufacturingOriginal Use: ManufacturingPassive Features: N/A

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 2 . 2 b

Building Height: 15-25 feetFirst Floor Height: > 12 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Rectangle or SquareFront Door Faces: North, South, & EastStructural System: Reinforced ConcreteGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: N/A


Figure 7.2.23 Footprint Sketch

Permit History: 1965 - Remodel; New office partitions, electrical, heat-

ing, ac fixtures added1965 - Electrical; Fixtures and outlets added

1963 - Mechanical; Unit Heaters installed, gas pipes1962 - Electrical; Outlets, fixtures, motors added

1998 - Remodeled or New Addition


Originally part of Cole Manufacturing Plant, the buildings were designed by Charles Christain Hook, a local architect. The plant manufactured agricultural equipment for the cotton industry. There were originally 6 buildings on the plant. Building 1 was the Assembly Building, with the Heating Plant building to the south attached in the late 1900’s by an addition. Building 2 was the original Machine Shop. Building 3 was built in 1960 and was not one of the 6 origi-nal buildings of the plant, but was part of the manufacturing plant. The other 3 original buildings to the south and north of the Machine shop have been torn down. Parallel to the Assembly building is the Seaboard Airline Railway.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating only (individual fan units from a central hot water source) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C





Central District

7.32 + S t o ry O f f i c e

GT50 Building Typology: 3A (2-story, freestanding, Post-WWII)

Current name: PFAHL ArchitectCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1961Street address: 1200 The Plaza Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 12901204Gross Square Footage: 5,872 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 5,872 sq. ft.Current owner: C/O PFAHL & 1200 The Plaza LLC Owner Occupied Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision making specific to the propertyOriginal/Historic Name: 1st Union National BankOriginal Use: OfficePassive Features: There are no passive features that we could see. There were awnings located over the south and north doors that extended about three feet and acted as spot-shading de vices, but that was about it.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 3 a

Building Height: 22 feetFirst Floor Height: 9-11 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: SquareFront Door Faces: SouthwestStructural System: Steel-Frame; Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 0Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: < 3 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal-AluminumExterior Shading Devices: N/A

The building is located on a corner site, with a fire station located across The Plaza and the Charlotte Fire Depart-ment Credit Union located across Commonwealth. More offices are located to the north and east, which were converted from single-family residences. The site is with-in close proximity to I-277, I-77 and uptown Charlotte. It is also within walking distance of a post office, library, bank, drug store and over ten restaurants.




The building has always been used as an office. Some of the previous tenants include a communications specializa-tion, a speech pathologist, a dentist’s office, and a real estate company. There are doors located on the east, south, and north. The doors on the south facade are all glazed and go into individual office units: an architectural office (door #2), engineering office (door #3), and an insurance group (door #4). One door (#5) on the east side, is located on the second floor and is accessible by exterior stairs. It is an opaque, service entrance that acts as a secondary en-trance to the architectural office, which has its main entrance at ground level and a second story “mezzanine” above. Door #7, located at grade, is glazed and acts as a secondary entrance to the insurance company. There is also one glazed door located on the north façade that serves as the primary entrance to a design company.




Primary Fuel Type: Electricity - 2002Secondary Fuel Source: N/A




Central District


Current name: LAB EagleCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1970Street address: 1534 Elizabeth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 12511122Gross Square Footage: 10,710 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 8,392 sq. ft.Current owner: Torrence Street Partners, LLC Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: Dr. Kossovo ClinicOriginal Use: OfficePassive Features: N/A

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 3 b

Building Height: 40 feetFirst Floor Height: 9-11 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Narrow RectangleFront Door Faces: NortheastStructural System: Steel-FrameGlazing Percentage: 2-10%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Some operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: < 7 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History:1962 – Hot water installation1963 – Elevator Permit1963 – Mechanical UpFit, Installation of heat pump and roof top units




This building has always been connected to the medical field somehow. First it was a private practice clinic for Dr. Kossovo. Later it transitioned primarily into office space for a medical lab company named Lab Eagle.



Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with electric heat pump at exterior) - 1963 Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Electricity Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric - 1971



Elizabeth District

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 3 c


Current name: Home Health Connection; ATP Counseling; VR King Construction; Healing Touch; etc.Current use: Leased OfficesYear of Construction: 1962Street address: 2121 Commonwealth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 12901207Gross Square Footage: 15,834 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 15,834 sq. ft.Current owner: Regal Oaks, LLC Not owner occupied professionally managed Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: Labor UnionOriginal Use: Public AssemblyPassive Features: The first floor windows on the south façade are recessed into the façade and covered by a horizontal overhang.

Building Height: 26 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: StuccoBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Steel FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable Curtain wall & punchedGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: South Horizontal; > 4 feet




In the 1960’s this building was used as a labor union and it has had many different occupants since it was transferred to new ownership in 1991: VR King Construction, Healing Touch, Division One Financial Services, Jore Express Inc., Home Health Connection, Primerica Financial Service, Evoke Creative Group, Youth Hope, etc. There does not seem to be many plans for redevelopment of this building or the ones surrounding it. The Property managers were ex-tremely hesitant to give out any information about the building, in fear that they would be required to retrofit it. The Charlotte Fire Department Credit Union is located southwest from this site. Located on either side of the site, as well as behind, are single-family houses, which have been converted to office uses. Northwest of the site, there is a 2007 development called Plaza Vu, which offers garden-style condos and flats.




Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric - 2002



Central District


7.4M a i n S t r e e t

Figure 7.4.2 Elizabeth District - Typology 4 Breakdown Figure 7.4.3 Central District - Typology 4 Breakdown

GT50 Building Typology: 4A2 (1-2+ Story; Pre-WWII, Main Street; Mixed-Use)

Current name: Customshop & Elizabeth Cremery Ice CreamCurrent use: RetailYear of Construction: 1930Street address: 1601 Elizabeth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 12703413Gross Square Footage: 8,508 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 8,060 sq. ft.Current owner: 1600 Elizabeth Avenue, LLC Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: N/AOriginal Use: N/APassive Features: This building has overhangs on the southern facade to shade some glazing which could prevent unwanted heat. There is a second floor patio with double french doors and ceil ing fans which may promote passive ventilation for cooling.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 1 a

Building Height: 30 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick/MasonryBuilding Shape: Narrow Rectangle Attached 1 sideFront Door Faces: SouthwestStructural System: Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: HippedRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 5+Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: Southeast horizontal; 2-4 feet

1. Primary Entry (CustomShop); Single; Glass with metal frame2. Primary Entry (Creamery); Single; Glass with metal frame3. Second floor entry; Single; Glass with metal frame4. Service Access (CustomShop); Single; Metal Door5. Service Access (Elizabeth Creamery); Single; Metal6. Service Access; Single; Metal7. Service Access; Single; Metal8-11. Second Floor Patio Access; Double; Wood French Doors



1976 - Sign permit 1976 - Change of use into Flower Shop1969 - Sign permit 1964 - Building remodel & change of use into Cleaners1964 - Electric permit: fixtures, outlets, mo-tors, & meter boxes added 2007 - most recent building addition, remodel


Very little information is available about the history of this building. It was in the mid 1960s a cleaners shop. Then in the mid 1970s it became a flower shop. It is not known what the original use was. Today it is an ice cream shop and a restaurant. The doors on the front of the building, the southern facade, are the main entry to the restaurant and icecream shop. The doors on the back of the building open to the service area. These are single metal doors. On the second floor there is a balcony with wood french doors.




Primary Fuel Type: Electricity Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Central boiler serves hot water to multiple tenants - DHW only: no space heatingFuel Type: Electric



Elizabeth District


Current name: City Deli & BagelCurrent use: Mixed Use - Office over RestaurantYear of Construction: 1930Street address: 1421 Elizabeth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08019416Gross Square Footage: 3,346 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 3,346 sq. ft.Current owner: G & K Enterprises Co., LLC Not owner occupied professionally managed Sole Ownership: Real Estate Investor/FundOriginal/Historic Name: Leo’s DelicatessenOriginal Use: Mixed Use - Office over RestaurantPassive Features: Small southwest overhang

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 1 b

Building Height: 20 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: StuccoBuilding Shape: Narrow Rectangle Attached 1 sideFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Wood frameGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable & operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal & WoodExterior Shading Devices: N/A

4 doors Total1 primary entrance, single door, glazed, south facade1 Primary entrance to second story, single door, glazed, south facade1 side entrance , single door, opaque, west façade1 back entrance, single door, opaque, west facade




This is a sandwich / sub restaurant located across the street from Central Piedmont Community College. It was re-cently renovated in 2011 and renamed from “Leo’s Delicatessen” to “City Deli & Bagel”. The small but charming Leo’s, a classic place owned by a Greek family (the finest non-Jewish deli owners, along with Egyptians). The original owner of Leo’s Delicatessen, Leo Finman which he opened in 1948 with Leo Gottheimer.






Figure 7.4.15 Street / Neighborhood Context (Old Image)

Elizabeth District

Figure 7.4.14 Pre-2011 Renovation (Old Image)

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 1 c


Current name: (1st) floor - Twenty-Two Gallery (2nd) floor - Soul GastroloungeCurrent use: Mixed Use - Restaurant over RetailYear of Construction: 1932Street address: 1500 Central Avenue Charlotte, NC Building’s parcel ID: 08117651Gross Square Footage: 5,028 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 4,394 sq. ft.Current owner: ABBA Investments, Inc. Not owner occupied professionally managed Sole Ownership: Real Estate Investor/FundOriginal/Historic Name: The Perch Improv Comedy Club (1994-2008)Original Use: TheaterPassive Features: Large covered outdoor eating patio on the west façade that blocks some of the sun.

Building Height: 24 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: Narrow Rectangle Attached 1 sideFront Door Faces: NorthStructural System: Wood & brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Not operable & operable, Curtain wall & punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal & WoodExterior Shading Devices: West Horizontal; > 4 feet

2008 - Items installed: Fossil Fuel Heating: Boiler, Floor furnace, Infra- Red Heating, Space Heater, Unit Heater, Wall Heater, Warm Air FurnaceA/C and/or Refrigeration: A/C Unit, Refrigeration UnitCombined heating and A/C: Gas Pack, Heat PumpExhaust/Ventilation: Distribution System, Exhaust Fan, Exhaust HoodGas Piping: Bunsen Burner, Broiler, Deep Fat Fryer, Dryer, Fire log, Grill, Outlets, Ovens, Range, Stream Table, Water HeaterMiscellaneous: Fan coil Unit

4 doors total1 main entrance, single door, glazed, north facade2 side entrances, single door, glazed, west facade1 back entrance, single door, opaque, south facade



The second floor Gastrolounge has a nightclub vibe with a bar and tapas served by Chef Jason Pound. Named as one of the Top 25 restaurant’s in Charlotte by Charlotte Magazine, the restaurant portion is located above Twenty Two Gallery which displays art and doubles as a bar/lounge. Twenty-Two’s motto is “Art, booze, music, schmooze.” In ad-dition to hosting art pieces from more than thirty local artists, the retail shop sells a large variety of wine. The second floor used to be a sketch-improv comedy club during the 1990s.







Central District


C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 2

GT50 Building Typology: 4B (1 Story; Pre-WWII, Main Street)

Current name: The Visulite TheaterCurrent use: Public AssemblyYear of Construction: 1940Street address: 1615 Elizabeth Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08019707Gross Square Footage: 6,812 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 6,500 sq. ft.Current owner: 1600 Elizabeth Avenue, LLC Owner occupied Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: The VisualiteOriginal Use: Public AssemblyPassive Features: Small southwest overhang

Building Height: 15 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Narrow Rectangle Attached 1 sideFront Door Faces: SouthwestStructural System: Reinforced Brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: <= 1%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-up# Gas Meters: 0Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: No windowsExterior Shading Devices: N/A

Permit History:1958 – Plumbing Water Fountains1968 – Signage1968 – Elec. UpFit Outlets and Fixtures

Figure 7.4.21 Southwest Facade


4 doors Total1 primary entrance, single door, glazed, south facade1 Primary entrance to second story, single door, glazed, south facade1 side entrance , single door, opaque, west façade1 back entrance, single door, opaque, west facade


The Visulite Theatre is located on the edge of Uptown Charlotte within 5 minutes of both I-77 and I-85, in the heart of the historic Elizabeth Community. “The Art Deco style Visulite Theater opened in the 1930s when movies became especially popular as a means of escape from the doldrums created by the Great Depression. Also, by then automobiles had become a common means of

transportation, making neighborhood theaters more feasible. The theater was also on a main bus line. Two compelling events are associated with the Visulite The-ater. The first was what most thought was the last trip of Streetcar 85. Mayor Ben Douglas and other dignitaries boarded Streetcar 85 in front of the theater for a “good-bye” trip to the Square in March 1938. Little did they realize that the 85 would be found in Huntersville, re-stored, and put back into service! The other event was less pleasant. It occurred on September 1, 1957, in the midst of the turmoil surrounding the racial integration of the Charlotte Public Schools. Hooded members of the Ku Klux Klan picketed the Visulite Theater for showing “Island In The Sun” that depicted interracial marriages.” (http://www.cmhpf.org)

Figure 7.4.24 Interior Context





Figure 7.4.25 Historical Reference

Elizabeth District

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 3

GT50 Building Typology: 4C (2+ Story; Main Street)

Current name: Fire Station 8Current use: Other (Government)Year of Construction: 1946-48Street address: 1201 The Plaza Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 08117627Gross Square Footage: 5,016 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 4,848 sq. ft.Current owner: City of Charlotte Owner occupied Federal Government (often not constrained to local building regulations)Original/Historic Name: The VisualiteOriginal Use: Public AssemblyPassive Features: N/A

Building Height: 24 feetFirst Floor Height: <= 8 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: EastStructural System: Wood FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: HippedRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: < 7 feetThickness/Material: Double / MetalExterior Shading Devices: East Horizontal; > 4 feet



6 Doors Total1 main entrance, single door, opaque

2 roll-ups, garage doors, glazed, on grade1 back entrance, single door, glazed

2 back entrances, single doors, opaque


Fire station 8 is located in the Plaza Midwood Community. Engines 8 and 42 respond to older residential areas and commercial structures along the Central Avenue corridor. The building was renovated in 2000 by architect Raymond L. Sheedy, winning Third Place in 2002 National Fire Station Design Awards for the historic structure.


Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air conditioner unit or heat pump for cooling) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C


Equipment: Central boiler serves building hot water and building space heatingFuel Type: Gas



Central District


C a s e S t u d y 7 . 4 . 4

GT50 Building Typology: 4C (2+ Story; Main Street)

Current name: St. John’s Baptist ChurchCurrent use: Public Assembly & SchoolYear of Construction: 1912-25Street address: 1201 The Plaza Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 12703701Gross Square Footage: 105,123 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 100,433 sq. ft.Current owner: St. John’s Baptist Church Owner occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyPassive Features: Operable windows; thick walls

Building Height: 40 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: 3 staggered rectanglesFront Door Faces: NorthwestStructural System: Unreinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: Flat & GableRoof Material: Built-up & Asphalt# Gas Meters: 2Ventilation System: Mechanical / Forced First Floor Windows: Operable, punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: N/APermit/Renovation History:1970 - Addition, New Oven1971 - Plumbing (lavatories, urinals, drains)1964 - Remodel interior, gutters installed1962 - Repair chimney, elevator installed, light dimmers






On March 26, 1922, two hundred worshipers first met to organize the church. This meeting was the culmination of a series of gatherings, prayer groups and conferences of Baptists concerned with the progress of their denomi-nation in what was then eastern suburban Charlotte. The church had begun primarily as an outreach of First Baptist Church, but the small group of pioneers were determined to accept full responsibility for establishing

a new church without help from existing congregations. Just four years later, they dedicated the main sanctuary building in 1926. Currently, the church lets a family cen-ter operate from part of the building as well. From this site, across 5th Street, sits Presbyterian Hospital. Also, located across Hawthorne Ln. from this site is Presbyte-rian Hospital’s Blume Pediatric Hematology and Oncol-ogy Clinic. Between these two buildings, on a site locat-ed diagonally from St. John’s is a parking lot that serves Presbyterian’s employees. Located to the Southeast of the site is an educational center and King’s College. Di-rectly next to the building on the east side is a two-story building that appears to be an embassy or some kind of international agency.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted or unducted, zoned aire handlers (fan coil units with central hot and cold water pipes) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C


Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Electric - late 1990s



Elizabeth District



7.5Lo d g i n g


GT50 Building Typology: 5C (Lodging Freestanding; Post-WWII; HOSPICE)

Current name: Hospice at CharlotteCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1946Street address: 1431 Armory Drive Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: Gross Square Footage: 1,116 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 1,076 sq. ft.Current owner: Hospice at Charlotte Owner occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: Original Use: ResidentialPassive Features: N/A

Building Height: 20 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: <= 8 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: SquareFront Door Faces: SoutheastStructural System: Wood FrameGlazing Percentage: 2-10%Roof Shape: GableRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: N/A

Permit History:1958 - Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added1976 - Heating/cooling equipment replaced/added

Figure 7.5.2 Northeast Facade


Figure 7.5.4 Northwest Facade

The building is a house that has been converted into a retail/office establishment. In 1958 it was The Economy Elec-tric Supply Co. In 1964 the building was owned by CBS Reality.


Primary Fuel Type: Combustion (natural gas) Secondary Fuel Source: N/A




Elizabeth District


Figure 7.5.6 Southeast Facade


GT50 Building Typology: 5C (Lodging Freestanding; Post-WWII; HOSPICE)

Current name: Hospice & Palliative Care Charlotte RegionCurrent use: OfficeYear of Construction: 1964Street address: 1420 E. 7th Street Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08019104Gross Square Footage: 12,400 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 12,400 sq. ft.Current owner: Hospice at Charlotte Owner occupied Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: Original Use: OfficePassive Features: The first floor windows on the south façade are recessed into the façade and covered by a horizontal overhang.

Building Height: 24 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: Narrow RectangleFront Door Faces: NortheastStructural System: Steel FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: < 3 feetHead Height: < 7 feetThickness/Material: Double / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: Northeast horizontal; 2-4 ft

Permit History:1982 - Electrical Permit: outlets and fixtures added1973 - Heating Permit: furnace added1964 - Electrical Permit: meter boxes, outlets, fixtures, water heater, duct heaters added Heating Permit: electric heat pumps added Plumbing Permit: toilets, sinks, lavatories, water fountains, hot water tank added

1. Primary Entrance; Single; Glass with metal frame

2. Service Access; Single; Metal with small glass window.




The building was originally built in the 1960s for use as offices. It was later converted for hospice use. The change of use date is unavailable. This building has only 2 doors. The primary entry door is on the Southeastern facade. It is a glass door with metal frame and opens into a secure reception area. The second door is a service/fire door. It is a single metal door with small glass window. This door opens out into the parking lot.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and a chiller plant or cooling tower for cooling) Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C

Primary Fuel Type: Combustion (natural gas) - 2000Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Gas - 2000



Elizabeth District



7.6Fr e e s ta n d i n g S c h o o l

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 6 . 1 a

GT50 Building Typology: 6A1 (School; Freestanding; Pre-WWII)

Current name: Tate Teen-Age Parents SchoolCurrent use: SchoolYear of Construction: 1939Street address: 1817 Central Avenue Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 09507803Gross Square Footage: 48,703 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 46,997 sq. ft.Current owner: Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education Owner occupied Local GovernmentOriginal/Historic Name: Midwood SchoolOriginal Use: SchoolPassive Features: The first floor windows on the south façade are recessed into the façade and covered by a horizontal overhang.

Building Height: 17 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: U + L ShapeFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: Flat & GableRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: N/A

Permit History:1962 - roofing repair1965 - Wiring for AC outlets in classrooms, time clock, addition of amplifier and converter1968 - electrical wiring1970 - alteration and additions to school1971 - the set of of one mobile classroom; relight school, replace old B.X. cable; plumbing work1975 - wire automatic fire suppression system in cafe

\




Midwood High School was a non-traditional high school in its namesake neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina. The school acted as a transition program for ninth graders who struggled to meet benchmarks in eighth grade into a high school environment. Midwood had always been one of Charlotte’s smaller high schools, mostly due to its small, aging physical plant. It had been used as a traditional school, a management school, a teenage parents academy, closed, a transition school and now closed again. The goal of the school was to prevent socially promoted ninth grad-ers from dropping out. The building has been closed since 2010. A neighbor says that CMC has put the property up for lease and that they were looking for non-profit organizations to move onto the property.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with electric heat pump at exterior






Central District


Figure 7.6.6 South Facades

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 6 . 1 b


Current name: Elizabeth Traditional Elementary SchoolCurrent use: SchoolYear of Construction: 1933Street address: 1601 Park Drive Charlotte, NC 28205Building’s parcel ID: 08019203Gross Square Footage: 129,057 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 129,057 sq. ft.Current owner: Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education Owner occupied Local GovernmentOriginal/Historic Name: Midwood SchoolOriginal Use: SchoolPassive Features: N/A

Building Height: 40 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: L ShapeFront Door Faces: SouthwestStructural System: Glazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: Flat Roof Material: Built-Up Asphalt# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History:1971 - School Addition; heating/cooling equipment replaced/added

Elizabeth Traditional Elementary School is an institution that has provided outstanding educational training for young children since opening its doors in 1912. We have offered a Traditional K-5 magnet program since 1977. The school’s building structures, name, and curricu-lum have been altered over the years to meet various demands on a diverse and ever-shifting population. One quality of the school and its staff has remained con-stant: Its commitment to a solid educational foundation for all students.

ETES is located in the Elizabeth neighborhood at the intersection of Park Drive, East 5th Street, and Travis Avenue, and backs up to Independence Park. It is near Presbyterian Hospital, with the Uptown Charlotte skyline in clear view and in close proximity. The location of the school has been significant in its historical beginnings. ETES maintains valuable relationships with local com-munity organizations and businesses that act as partners with the school. (http://schools.cms.k12.nc.us)



In 1971 and 2003 additions to the old structure was done purely for expansion reasons. So now the newly con-structed part has the administration offices, media centre and conference room, with very few classrooms. The old Structure and the new one are very well connected internally. Main entrances to the school are on the North east and south west. fire exits were mainly around the north west side of the building. The main boiler room entrance is also from north west side of the buildings. The upper level fire exits have open to sky metal staircases.

Equipment + Distribution: Boilers and chillers, 4 pipe air handling system; second AC 2010



Equipment: Central boiler serves hot water to multiple tenants - DWH only (no space heating)Fuel Type: Gas


Figure 7.6.12 Street / Neighborhood Contexts

Elizabeth District



C a s e S t u d y 7 . 6 . 1 c


Current name: Piedmont Open Middle SchoolCurrent use: SchoolYear of Construction: 1925Street address: 1241 E. 10th Street Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08111415Gross Square Footage: 181,652 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 181,652 sq. ft.Current owner: Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education Not Owner Occupied - professionally managed Local GovernmentOriginal/Historic Name: Piedmont Junior HighOriginal Use: SchoolPassive Features: The first floor windows on the south façade are recessed into the façade and covered by a horizontal overhang.

Building Height: 30 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Rectangle or Square with an interior courtyardFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: Flat Roof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 5+Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: N/A

20 Doors Total5 main entrance, double doors, opaque, south facade3 main entrance, double doors, glazed, south facade1 semi-main entrance, double door, opaque, south façade3 side entrances, double doors, opaque, west facade1 side entrances, single door, opaque, east facade1 roll-up, loading dock, north facade

6 back entrances, double doors, glazed, north facade




Midwood High School was a non-traditional high school in its namesake neighborhood of Charlotte, North Carolina. The school acted as a transition program for ninth graders who struggled to meet benchmarks in eighth grade into a high school environment. Midwood had always been one of Charlotte’s smaller high schools, mostly due to its small, aging physical plant. It had been used as a traditional school, a management school, a teenage parents academy, closed, a transition school and now closed again. The goal of the school was to prevent socially promoted ninth grad-ers from dropping out. The building has been closed since 2010. A neighbor says that CMC has put the property up for lease and that they were looking for non-profit organizations to move onto the property.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted or unducted, zoned air handlers (fan coil units) with central hot and cold water pipes






Central District

Figure 7.6.15 Detail


C a s e S t u d y 7 . 6 . 2

GT50 Building Typology: 6B (School; Freestanding; Post-WWII)

Current name: NC State University; A&T University Cooperative ExtensionCurrent use: Office / SchoolYear of Construction: 1953Street address: 1418 Armory Drive Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08019201Gross Square Footage: 22,589 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 24552 sq. ft.Current owner: Mecklenburg County Not Owner Occupied - professionally managed Local GovernmentOriginal/Historic Name: Mecklenburg County Maintenance DepartmentOriginal Use: SchoolPassive Features: The only passive system seen in the building was exterior and shading devices. These were inoperable, horizontal and vertical shading devices that provide shading to south façade; however, it will likely have little to no benefit as a cooling strategy.

Building Height: 12 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: CMU (concrete masonry unit)Building Shape: L ShapeFront Door Faces: NorthStructural System: Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 2-10%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Concrete# Gas Meters: 2Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: South vertical & horizontal; < 2 feet; movable/adjustable

Permit History:1971 - Addition to school, new construction1972 - Building Permit - addition of maintenance shop1972 - addition of a/c unit and 5 7.5 kw unit heaters - mechanical permit2010 - Electrical Permit - water heater replacement2011- Building Permit - roof replacement



1 Primary Single - hinged Glazed2 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque3 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque4 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque 5 Secondary Garage Door Opaque (corrugated metal)6 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque 7 Secondary Garage Door Opaque (corrugated metal)


The buidling is surrounded by residential neighborhoods and a large sports field to the south. The building was originally built as a maintenance department for the Charlotte Mecklenburg parks and recreation department. It was then converted into offices, assembly space, and park area for the community and education of agriculture. The primary door is a single hinged glazed doorway that leads to the reception and entrance area. All of the doors on the rear of the building are opaque metal doors or garage doors.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (individual through-wall electric heat pump units in each space (like hotel room units)


Primary Fuel Type: Electricity - 1976Secondary Fuel Source: N/A




Elizabeth District



1 Primary Single - hinged Glazed2 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque3 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque4 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque 5 Secondary Garage Door Opaque (corrugated metal)6 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque 7 Secondary Garage Door Opaque (corrugated metal)

7.71 - S t o ry Re ta i l S t r i p M a l l / S t o r e f r o n t

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 7 . 1 a

GT50 Building Typology: 7A (1 story RETAIL; Post WWII; Strip Mall)

Current name: Midwood Corners Shopping CenterCurrent use: RetailYear of Construction: 1951Street address: 1300 - 1308 The Plaza Charlotte, NC Building’s parcel ID: 09507802Gross Square Footage: 27,094 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 24,311 sq. ft.Current owner: John Cole Hatcher Not Owner Occupied - owner managed Sole Ownership: Real Estate Investor/FundOriginal/Historic Name: Original Use: RetailPassive Features: The only passive system seen in the building was exterior shading devices. These were inoperable, horizontal overhangs that create a walkway below and provide shading to glazed facades. The horizon-tal shading covers the entire south façade. There is also a small overhang located over the west façade’s window; however, it will likely have little to no benefit as a cooling strategy.

Building Height: 18 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick / Masonry & StuccoBuilding Shape: L ShapeFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Unreinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 5+Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; curtain wallGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: South & West horizontal; 2-4 ft

Permit History:1976 - roofing material replaced1972 - new sign, ceiling (insulation wall and/or roof) 1973 - Install Telephone Booth; heating/cooling equip.1960 - Plumbing (hot water tanks, lavatories, sinks, water closets) 1965 - Water heater 1966 - Remodel; roofing material replaced1960 - New sign 1988 - Plumbing (lavatories, urinals) 1967 - Alarm system installed



The building is located on a corner site, with tremendous road frontage and visibility on Central Avenue and The Plaza. The traffic count passing the site is approximately 30,000 vehicles per day. In addition, it is conveniently acces-sible from uptown and the nearby interstates. There is a church located to the north of the site. Across the street, to the west, is a branch of the Charlotte Mecklenburg Library. A Harris Teeter grocery store occupies the block directly south of the site. Finally, to the east there a Tate’s Teenage/Parents School, which occupies an old church building. This building has had many different uses over its lifespan. Past occupants include a drug store (owned by Harris Teeter), a barbershop, a florist, a fabric/draperies store, and a printing store. Currently, occupants include a used bookstore, ice cream shop, art studio, Subway, a Japanese restaurant, and beauty shop. In all cases, it has remained a retail/restaurant-based building.


Primary Fuel Type: Combustion (natural gas) Secondary Fuel Source: N/A

Equipment: Central boiler serves hot water to multiple tenants - DHW only (no space heating) Hot water tank(s) serve individual units/spacesFuel Type: Combination

Residential/Apartment/Condominium Units: 0

Basement: 0


Central District



C a s e S t u d y 7 . 7 . 1 a ( c o n t i n u e d )

Figure 7.7.7 Building Footprint/ Sketch Figure 7.7.8-9 Street / Neighborhood Contexts

The doors on the south and west facades are all glazed and go into individual retail units. The doors on the east are opaque, service entrances that provide access to mechanical and other service areas of the building. The doors on the east façade are also isolated from the main public edge of the building by a retaining wall that creates a loading area. Door #12 offers an entrance to a hallway that leads to secondary, service entrances into the individual units.

Figure 7.7.10 Building Layout & Door ScheduleDoor #

Primary or secondary Number of hinges Material

1 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 2 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 3 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 4 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 5 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 6 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 7 Secondary Double-hinged Glazed 8 Primary Double-hinged Glazed 9 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 10 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 11 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 12 Secondary Double-hinged Glazed 13 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 14 Primary Single-hinged Glazed 15 Secondary Single-hinged Opaque 16 Secondary Single-hinged Opaque 17 Secondary Single-hinged Opaque

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 7 . 1 b

GT50 Building Typology: 7A (1 story RETAIL; Post WWII; Strip Mall)

Current name: Chair & Equipment RentalCurrent use: RetailYear of Construction: 1965Street address: 800 Central Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08021201Gross Square Footage: 26,606 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 26,000 sq. ft.Current owner: 800 Central, LLC Not Owner Occupied - professionally managed Sole Ownership: Other CompanyOriginal/Historic Name: N/AOriginal Use: RetailPassive Features: N/A

Building Height: 20 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: NorthStructural System: Steel FrameGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Concrete# Gas Meters: 2Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not operable; curtain wall

Glazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: N/APermit History:2007 - Upgrade of electrical wiring, and replacement of old furnace and a/c unit with new one. Electrical Permit, electrical upgrade for replacing central a/c and furnaceMechanical Permit, replace gas pack (70000 btu); re-place a/c unit (3 tons)

Figure 7.7.11 Street View

Door # Primary or secondary Number of hinges Material 1 Primary Double - hinged Glazed 2 Primary Double - hinged Glazed 3 Secondary (2nd Floor) Double - hinged Opaque 4 Secondary Double - hinged Opaque 5 Secondary Garage Door Opaque (corrugated

metal) 6 Mechanical Double - hinged Louvered 7 Secondary Single - hinged Opaque 8 Secondary Double - hinged Opaque 9 Secondary Single - hinged Glazed



The building located on the edge of the business district with residences to the west and south; and businesses bor-dering on the north and east. Of the history available it appears that the building has been the chair and equipment rental and sales store the past 23 years. The two primary doors on the store front are double hinged and glazed. The other doors consist of opaque metal or wood doors, a metal garage door for deliveries, and a louvered door for the mechanical.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central system/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air conditioner unit or heat pump for cooling) 2007 Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C


Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Combination

Residential/Apartment/Condominium Units: 0

Basement: 1 unfinished


Central District



C a s e S t u d y 7 . 7 . 2 a

GT50 Building Typology: 7B (1 story RETAIL; Pre - WWII)

Current name: Cuisine MalayaCurrent use: RestaurantYear of Construction: 1930Street address: 1200 Charlottetowne Avenue Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: Gross Square Footage: 12,388 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 12,388 sq. ft.Current owner: G & K Enterprises Co., LLC Not Owner Occupied - professionally managed Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision making specific to the propertyOriginal Use: RetailPassive Features: The walls are approximatly 10” thick. The glazing is tinted and there is an awning over the rear entrance (parking lot side).

Building Height: 18 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: StuccoBuilding Shape: Wide Rectangle Attached, 2 sidesFront Door Faces: SouthStructural System: Steel FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 5+Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Not Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / Metal Exterior Shading Devices: N/A

Permit History:2010 - The renovation included replacing the existing AC and gas pack units with new units of the same equip-ment. 2010 - Mechanical Permit: Replace gas packs and AC equipment with same equipment Electrical Permit: Replace electrical wiring for AC unit and Gas Pack2009 - Building Permit: remodel/upkeep, paint, replace flooring, replace doors, replace sinks; addition of exteri-or signage to building; unspecified maintenance ($3,000)

1 Primary Double - hinged Glazed2 Secondary Single - hinged

Glazed3 Secondary Single - hinged

Glazed4 Secondary Single - hinged

Glazed




The building is surrouned by business to the north and east and by buildings belonging to CPCC campus on the south and west. The buildings surrounding Malaya are stucco or brick and there is a parking deck across the street. The building was rennovated to its current state (exterior) in 2010. It has been a restaurant for the past 6 (2007) years. We were unable to find change of use permits, and the current tenants say there was a retail store in the location prior to their arival.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air conditioner unit or heat pump for cooling) 2009 Y N Combustion Equipment (gas, oil, propane, or coal) District Energy System Water Pipes (heating + cooling) Air Distribution Ducts A/C


Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve individual units/spacesFuel Type: Gas


Figure 7.7.23-24 Street / Neighborhood Contexts

Elizabeth District


Figure 7.7.21-22 South Facade

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 7 . 2 b

GT50 Building Typology: 7B (1 story RETAIL; Pre - WWII)

Current name: Heroes; Starbucks; Crisp 7th Street CafeCurrent use: Multi-Use (Restaurant / Retail)Year of Construction: 1937Street address: 1957 E. 7th Street Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 12703111Gross Square Footage: 6,895 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 6,765 sq. ft.Current owner: Francis David L Family Limited Partnership Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: Barbershop; Schlozkie’s DeliOriginal Use: Multi-Use (Restaurant / Retail)Passive Features: It does have operable windows on the non-street face, but it does not appear that these are used for passive ventila tion. The starbucks in the center unit location does have doors on either end of the space which could serve to facilitate cross ventilation.

Building Height: 15 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick / MasonryBuilding Shape: SquareFront Door Faces: SoutheastStructural System: Reinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: FlatRoof Material: Built-Up# Gas Meters: 3Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Double / Wood Exterior Shading Devices: Southeast Hoizontal; 2-4 feet

Permit History:2008 - Remodeled and/or New addition

1. Primary Entry (Crisp); Single; Glass with Metal Frame

2. Primary Entry (Star-bucks); Single; Glass with Metal

Frame3. Primary Entry (Heros);

Single; Glass with Metal Frame4. Service Access(Heros);

Single; Metal door with window5. Secondary Entry & service

access (starbucks); Single; Glass with metal frame

6. Service Access (Crisp); Single; Metal with glass insert

7. Service Door; Single; Metal



Figure 7.7.26 Old Signage


This building was originally Schlotzkes Deli and there was the Barborshop in the rear, where the sign on the brick fa-cade can still be seen. The building was later used as a grocery/drug store. It was then converted into a bar and then became what it is today. The building was rennovated to its current state (exterior) in 2010. It has been a restaurant for the past 6 (2007) years. We were unable to find change of use permits, and the current tenants say there was a retail store in the location prior to their arival. The main entry doors to this building are along the Southeastern facade. There is one single fully glazed door entering each store. There are 3 doors total on the southeastern facade. On the back of the building there are 3 doors. 2 of the doors are service doors with glass inserts, and one door is a fully glazed door providing secondary entry to Starbucks. The last door is a solid service door that does not appear to be in use currently.





Figure 7.7.31 Street / Neighborhood Contexts

Elizabeth District



7.8O t h e r - C o n v e rt e d Re s i d e n c e


GT50 Building Typology: 8A (OTHER RETAIL; Converted Residence; Pre-WWII)

Current name: The Fig TreeCurrent use: RestaurantYear of Construction: 1905Street address: 1601 E. 7th Street Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 08020501Gross Square Footage: 3,472 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 2,992 sq. ft.Current owner: Greg Zanitsch and Sara Scheidler Owner Occupied Joint Ownership: Property owned by two or more people/companies at the same time in equal shares or equal influence on decision making specific to the propertyOriginal/Historic Name: The Lucas HouseOriginal Use: Single-FamilyPassive Features: The building has a large front porch that shades the west façade. It also has operable windows that help with cross ventilation. Finally, it has a fireplace, which could be used for stack ventilation and to heat the building with natural resources.

Building Height: 25 feetFirst Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetSecond Floor Height: 9 - 11 feetCladding Material: Wood Shingles & StuccoBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: WestStructural System: Timber FrameGlazing Percentage: 11-25%Roof Shape: GableRoof Material: Asphalt Shingle# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: West Horizontal; > 4 feet

Permit History:1964 - heating/cooling equipment replaced/added1969 - remodeling permit (roof); insulation material1970 - heating/cooling equipment replaced/added




This site is located on the corner of E. 7th Street and Louise Avenue. It is located directly across from Independence Park. Many of the buildings within this neighborhood were once single-family residences that have been converted to commercial businesses. Elizabeth Corners sits to the east of the site, which has a deli that offers coffee, salads, and sandwiches. There is a vacant lot located to the west of the site, with St. Martin’s Episcopal Church located next to Independence Park.

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling (ducted central sys-tem/forced air with electric heat pump at exterior) 2005


Primary Fuel Type: ElectricitySecondary Fuel Source: Combustion (natural gas) - heating only (combustion space heat/furnace with no ducts mounted directly in the room)

Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Gas (2005)



Elizabeth District



The Lucas House is representative of suburban development for middle-class residents in the Elizabeth neighbor-hood that took place prior to World War I. The house is situated across from Independence Park, one of Charlotte’s first public parks, on the corner of East 7th Street and Louise Avenue, about one mile from Center City. The interior finishes as well as the exterior have survived with original materials and are thus intact examples of the Craftsman homes constructed in the bungalow style in the early 20th century.

After the house on the wedge-shaped parcel on the corner was completed in late spring or early summer, 1913, it was bought in July by John Paul Lucas for $8,500, who shortly thereafter deeded it to his wife, Alice Craft Lucas. When he bought the house John Lucas was the managing editor of the Charlotte Evening Chronicle. By 1920, he became the publicity manager for the Southern Public Utilities Company, which was later incorporated into Duke Power Com-pany. Alice Craft Lucas was a Wilmington native, and graduated from Trinity College, now Duke University, in 1905, and was at one time the southern correspondent for the old Boston Transcript newspaper.

In 1930, the Lucas family moved to a bigger house on Cherokee Road in a newer suburb, Eastover, but retained ownership of the Elizabeth house and rented it out. In 1936, it passed to the mortgageholder in a foreclosure, and in 1938 was bought by William Calhoun McIntire, who lived there with his family for some thirty years.8In 1969, Francis Gilbert Chipley bought the house from McIntire’s daughter and deeded it to his wife, Leola Plyler Chipley, the follow-ing year.9 Mr. Chipley has maintained his real estate offices, Chipley Realty Company, next door at 406 Louise Avenue, and Mrs. Chipley operated Lee’s Antiques from the house until about five years ago. In 1989, ownership of the house passed to the Chipleys’ daughter, Judith Chipley Hudson, where it was used for storage. The building was bought in 2005 and turned into a restaurant, called The Fig Tree Restaurant, which got its name from a Brown Turkey fig tree

that once prospered at the rear of the house.

C a s e S t u d y 7 . 8 a ( c o n t i n u e d )

Figure 7.8.8 Building Footprint / Sketch



Door #1 is double-hinged glazed door that leads into the building from the front porch. The door was originally intended to be used as the primary entrance into the house, but after the building was converted into a restaurant this door is rarely used. The main func-tion of this door now is as a large window that provides daylight to enter the main dining room. Door #2 is a single-hinged glazed door that was originally used as a secondary entrance into the house, but now is used as main entrance into the restaurant. Door #3 is a single-hinged opaque door located at the rear of the building and serves as a service entrance into the kitchen area. This door is restricted to the public and is mainly used by kitchen staff and delivery services.


Building Height: 36 feetFirst Floor Height: >= 12 feetSecond Floor Height: >= 12 feetCladding Material: Brick VeneerBuilding Shape: Wide RectangleFront Door Faces: NortheastStructural System: Unreinforced brick/masonryGlazing Percentage: 26-50%Roof Shape: GableRoof Material: Slate Tiles# Gas Meters: 1Ventilation System: Mechanical / ForcedFirst Floor Windows: Operable; punchedGlazing/Window Height: 3 - 6 feetHead Height: 7 - 9 feetThickness/Material: Single / WoodExterior Shading Devices: NE, SW, & NW; Horizontal < 2 feet (movable/adjustable)Permit History: 2003 - Sunroom Addition


GT50 Building Typology: 8A (OTHER RETAIL; Converted Residence; Pre-WWII)

Current name: Cajun and Queen Current use: RestaurantYear of Construction: 1920Street address: 1800 E. 7th Street Charlotte, NC 28204Building’s parcel ID: 12703412Gross Square Footage: 5,494 sq. ft.Net Square Footage: 5,326 sq. ft.Current owner: Robert Gottfried Owner Occupied Sole Ownership: Individual/FamilyOriginal/Historic Name: Original Use: Single-FamilyPassive Features: Shading over the south facing windows only. The other windows on the second floor were all made of glass brick which did allow light to come in but prevented direct glare.


Figure 7.8.12-13 Interior Views


This was a residential building which was then converted to a new Orleans cuisine restaurant in 1985. The door open into an elevated porch facing the E 4th street. This also serves as the main entrance to the restaurant. There are 2 more doors on the first floor for the kitchen entrance. On the second floor there is a door opening into the open terraced sitting. On the ground floor, the kitchen has been expanded, the back dining room was opened up into a heated terrace, bathrooms were added downstairs, and a concrete handicap ramp was added outdoors. The second floor has new, larger restrooms, a much larger bar and a rooftop terrace!

Equipment + Distribution: Heating AND Cooling: ducted central system (forced air) with combustion furnace for heating and exterior air condi-tioner unit or heat pump for cooling (2004)



Equipment: Hot water tank(s) serve the entire buildingFuel Type: Gas (80s)


Elizabeth District




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