umts intrview

8/16/2019 UMTS Intrview

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Interview Question & Answer For 3G / WCDMA / UMTS1) What are the RRC states?

a. Cell DCH b. Cell FACHc. Cell PCH

d. URA PCH2) Describe different RRC States?a. Cell DCH:

· When UE is sitched !"# it ass$%es the CE&&'DCH State b( defa$lt.· t e*ists hen UE reall( re+$ires U&,D& dedicated res-$rce.· UE is characteried at cell le/el acc-rdin0 t- its c$rrent Acti/e set.· &-0ical channels DCCHD2CH are %a33ed t- trans3-rt channel DCH.· E.0. 4-ice call5CS)# 4ide- tele3h-n(5CSPS)

b. Cell FACH:· 2his ha33ens hen#

51) UE d-esn6t re+$ire c-ntin$-$s circ$it c-nnecti-n ith "W# b$t D& 3ac7ets ill -r7.58) UE is f-rced t- release the "W res-$rces t- decrease the c-n0esti-n 3r-ble%s 5fli39

fl-3 beteen DCH and FACH).5) E/ent$al l-cati-n $3dates t- s$33-rt CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH states 5fli39fl-3

beteen FACH and PCH).· E.0. Call -n h-ld5CS)# File d-nl-adin05PS)· "- dedicated U&,D& is 3r-/ided. H-e/er# UE ill 7ee3 %-nit-rin0 t- D& c-%%-n trans3-rt

channel FACH ;c-ntin$-$sl(6 and recei/es 3ac7et data %eant f-r UE itself.· When U& trans%issi-n is re+$ired# it $ses RACH f-r 198 fra%es -r CPCH f-r fe %-re fra%es#

de3endin0 -n c-%%-n access 3r-ced$res< still U& trans%issi-n ill be ;disc-ntin$-$s6.· UE is 7n-n -n cell le/el# b$t this ti%e it6s based -n the last cell $3date it %ade.c. Cell PCH:· 2his ha33ens hen UE d-esn6t re+$ire an acti/e c-nnecti-n 5c-%%-n,dedicated). =$t still

needs t- be c-nnected# as it6s e*3ectin0 a "W initiated -r ter%inated call5CS -r PS) in

f$t$re.· S-# n- U& trans%issi-n is all-ed. Selects a PCH5based -n al0-.) and 7ee3 %-nit-rin0

5recei/in0) it in ;disc-ntin$-$s6 %-de5DR>).· Can c-%%$te -nl( int- CE&&'FACH state. 5"-t tr$e. l-bal reser/ed 3ara @ bit c-ntr-ls

this.)· E.0. "- -$t0-in0 call -r data recei/e f-r l-n0 ti%e· UE is still identified -n cell le/el# b$t n- in the cell here UE %ade its last $3date# hen it

as in CE&&'FACH state.· At re0$lar ti%e inter/al# UE -$ld ha/e t- %-/e in CE&&'FACH state t- $3date the l-cati-n

area. f UE is tra/elin0# this $3date ill bec-%e fre+$ent beca$se -f chan0in0 cells.· n s-%e cases UE can ha/e the transiti-n fr-% CE&&'DCH t- CE&&'PCH# b$t n-t /ice /ersa<

it has t- 0- /ia CE&&'FACH.d. URA PCH:· 2his can be c-nsidered as a 0eneral case -f CE&&'PCH state. =eca$se all the characteristics

are sa%e e*ce3t -ne.· 2hat is# UE is 7n-n -n URA5U2RA" Re0istrati-n Area) le/el rather than cell le/el. t listens

t- PCH5and $3dates URA hen re+$ired).· f UE is tra/elin0 c-ntin$-$sl( fr-% -ne cell t- an-ther. t -$ld ha/e t- transit %$lti3le ti%e

t- CE&&'FACH state f-r l-cati-n $3date. =( assi0nin0 URA'PCH state# this c-nditi-n isa/-ided# since 1 URA c-ntains -ne -r %-re cells and /ice /ersa.


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· Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=1 shall be $sed f-r all %essa0es sent -n the DCCH# hen $sin0 R&C$nac7n-led0ed %-de 5R&C9U).

· Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=8 shall be $sed f-r all %essa0es sent -n the DCCH# hen $sin0 R&Cac7n-led0ed %-de 5R&C9A)# e*ce3t f-r the RRC %essa0es carr(in0 hi0her la(er 5"AS)si0nallin0.

· Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R= and -3ti-nall( Si0nallin0 radi- bearer R=@ shall be $sed f-r theRRC %essa0es carr(in0 hi0her la(er 5"AS) si0nallin0 and sent -n the DCCH in R&Cac7n-led0ed %-de 5R&C9A).

· Additi-nall(# R=s h-se identities shall be set beteen B and 8 %a( be $sed as si0nallin0radi- bearer f-r the RRC %essa0es -n the DCCH sent in R&C trans3arent %-de 5R&C92).

) What are the t(3es -f hand -/er?Here are f-ll-in0 cate0-ries -f hand-/er 5als- referred t- as hand-ff):

· Hard Hando%erHard hand-/er %eans that all the -ld radi- lin7s in the UE are re%-/ed bef-re the ne radi- lin7s are established. Hard hand-/er can be sea%less -r n-n9sea%less.Sea%less hard hand-/er %eans that the hand-/er is n-t 3erce3tible t- the $ser. n 3racticea hand-/er that re+$ires a chan0e -f the carrier fre+$enc( 5inter9fre+$enc( hand-/er) isala(s 3erf-r%ed as hard hand-/er.

· So#t Hando%erS-ft hand-/er %eans that the radi- lin7s are added and re%-/ed in a a( that the UEala(s 7ee3s at least -ne radi- lin7 t- the U2RA". S-ft hand-/er is 3erf-r%ed b( %eans -f%acr- di/ersit(# hich refers t- the c-nditi-n that se/eral radi- lin7s are acti/e at the sa%eti%e. "-r%all( s-ft hand-/er can be $sed hen cells -3erated -n the sa%e fre+$enc( arechan0ed.

· So#ter hando%erS-fter hand-/er is a s3ecial case -f s-ft hand-/er here the radi- lin7s thatare added and re%-/ed bel-n0 t- the sa%e "-de = 5i.e. the site -f c-9l-cated base stati-nsfr-% hich se/eral sect-r9cells are ser/ed. n s-fter hand-/er# %acr- di/ersit( ith%a*i%$% rati- c-%binin0 can be 3erf-r%ed in the "-de =# hereas 0enerall( in s-fthand-/er -n the d-nlin7# %acr- di/ersit( ith selecti-n c-%binin0 is a33lied.

· enerall( e can distin0$ish beteen intra9cell hand-/er and inter9cell hand-/er. F-r U2S

the f-ll-in0 t(3es -f hand-/er are s3ecified:· Hand-/er 9 5i.e. beteen U2S and -ther s(ste%s)· FDD s-ft,s-fter hand-/er· FDD inter9fre+$enc( hard hand-/er· FDD,2DD hand-/er 5chan0e -f cell)· 2DD,FDD hand-/er 5chan0e -f cell)· 2DD,2DD hand-/er· Hand-/er 9 8 5e.0. hand-/er t- S)· Hand-/er 8 9 5e.0. hand-/er fr-% S)

2he %-st -b/i-$s ca$se f-r 3erf-r%in0 a hand-/er is that d$e t- its %-/e%ent a $ser can beser/ed in an-ther cell %-re efficientl( 5li7e less 3-er e%issi-n# less interference). t %a(h-e/er als- be 3erf-r%ed f-r -ther reas-ns s$ch as s(ste% l-ad c-ntr-l.

) What are t(3es -f %eas$re%ents?· "ntrare'ency measrements: %eas$re%ents -n d-nlin7 3h(sical channels at the

sa%e fre+$enc( as the acti/e set. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell.· "nterre'ency measrements: %eas$re%ents -n d-nlin7 3h(sical channels at

fre+$encies that differ fr-% the fre+$enc( -f the acti/e set and -n d-nlin7 3h(sicalchannels in the acti/e set. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell.


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· "nter&RA( measrements: %eas$re%ents -n d-nlin7 3h(sical channels bel-n0in0 t-an-ther radi- access techn-l-0( than U2RA"# e.0. S. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-ndst- -ne cell.

· (ra##ic %olme measrements: %eas$re%ents -n $3lin7 traffic /-l$%e. A %eas$re%ent-bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne cell.

· ality measrements: eas$re%ents -f d-nlin7 +$alit( 3ara%eters# e.0. d-nlin7trans3-rt bl-c7 err-r rate. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne trans3-rt channel incase -f =&ER. A %eas$re%ent -bIect c-rres3-nds t- -ne ti%esl-t in case -f SR 52DD -nl().

· U*&internal measrements: eas$re%ents -f UE trans%issi-n 3-er and UE recei/edsi0nal le/el.

· U* !ositioning measrements: eas$re%ents -f UE 3-siti-n.1G) What is 3a0in0? Wh( 3a0in0 is re+$ired?

Paging: 2his 3r-ced$re is $sed t- trans%it 3a0in0 inf-r%ati-n t- selected UEs in idle%-de# CE&&'PCH -r URA'PCH state $sin0 the 3a0in0 c-ntr-l channel 5PCCH).Paging can be initiated :

· U33er la(ers in the net-r7 %a( re+$est 3a0in0# t- e.0. establish a si0nalin0 c-nnecti-n.· U2RA" %a( initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in CE&&'PCH -r URA'PCH state t- tri00er a cell $3date

3r-ced$re.· U2RA" %a( initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in idle %-de# CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH state t- tri00erreadin0 -f $3dated s(ste% inf-r%ati-n.

· U2RA" %a( als- initiate 3a0in0 f-r UEs in CE&&'PCH and URA'PCH state t- release theRRC c-nnecti-n.

11) 2(3e -f Pa0in0?· Pa0in0 2(3e 1· Pa0in0 2(3e 85UE dedicated 3a0in0)18) When dedicated 3a0in0 is $sed?a. 2his 3r-ced$re is $sed t- trans%it dedicated 3a0in0 inf-r%ati-n t- -ne UE in c-nnected

%-de in CE&&'DCH # CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH 5FDD -nl() state. U33er la(ers in thenet-r7 %a( re+$est initiati-n -f 3a0in0.

b. F-r a UE in CE&&'DCH# CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH 5FDD -nl() state# U2RA" initiates the3r-ced$re b( trans%ittin0 a PA" 2JPE 8 %essa0e -n the DCCH $sin0 A R&C. Whenn-t stated -therise elsehere# the U2RA" %a( initiate the UE dedicated 3a0in0 3r-ced$reals- hen an-ther RRC 3r-ced$re is -n0-in0# and in that case the state -f the latter3r-ced$re shall n-t be affected.

c. U2RA" sh-$ld set the E KPa0in0 ca$seK t- the ca$se f-r 3a0in0 recei/ed fr-% $33er la(ers.f n- ca$se f-r 3a0in0 is recei/ed fr-% $33er la(ers# U2RA" sh-$ld set the /al$eK2er%inatin0 L ca$se $n7n-nK.

1) n hat sit$ati-n UE 0-es t- CE&& PCH and URA PCH states?a. Cell PCH:

2his ha33ens hen UE d-esn6t re+$ire an acti/e C-nnecti-n5c-%%-n,dedicated). =$t stillneeds t- be c-nnected# as it6s e*3ectin0 a "W initiated -r ter%inated call5CS -r PS) in f$t$re

b. URA PCH:n Cell PCH UE is still identified -n cell le/el# b$t n- in the cell here UE %ade its last$3date# hen it as in CE&&'FACH state.At re0$lar ti%e inter/al# UE -$ld ha/e t- %-/ein CE&&'FACH state t- $3date the l-cati-n area. f UE is tra/elin0# this $3date ill bec-%efre+$ent beca$se -f chan0in0 cells. f UE is tra/elin0 c-ntin$-$sl( fr-% -ne cell t- an-ther.t -$ld ha/e t- transit %$lti3le ti%e t- CE&&'FACH state f-r l-cati-n $3date. =(assi0nin0 URA'PCH state# this c-nditi-n is a/-ided# since 1 URA c-ntains -ne -r %-re cellsand /ice /ersa


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1@) What is Cell U3date Pr-ced$re? What are /ari-$s Cell U3date ca$ses?· U!lin+ data transmission:

F-r FDD# if the /ariable H'R"2 is n-t set# and f-r 2DD:if the UE is in URA'PCH -r CE&&'PCH state< andif the UE has $3lin7 R&C data PDU -r $3lin7 R&C c-ntr-l PDU -n R=1 -r $3ards t-

trans%it:3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K!lin+ data transmissionK.

· Paging res!onse:if the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$se s3ecified ab-/e. are n-t %et< andif the UE in URA'PCH -r CE&&'PCH state# recei/es a PA" 2JPE 1 .%essa0e f$lfillin0the c-nditi-ns f-r initiatin0 a cell $3date 3r-ced$re.3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K!aging res!onseK.

· Radio lin+ #ailre:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et:if the UE is in CE&&'DCH state and the criteria f-r radi- lin7 fail$re are #-rif the trans%issi-n -f the UE CAPA=&2J "F!RA2!" %essa0e fails.

3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se Kradio lin+ #ailreK.· ,$,S !t! R$ re'est:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< andif the UE is in URA'PCH# Cell'PCH -r Cell'FACH state< andif the UE sh-$ld 3erf-r% cell $3date f-r =S 3t3 radi- bearer re+$est#3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K,$,S !t! R$ re'estK.

· Re&entering ser%ice area:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< andif the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state< and8M0t< if the UE has been -$t -f ser/ice area and re9enters ser/ice area bef-re 2G -r 21

e*3ires:M0t< 3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se Kre&entering ser%ice areaK.

· R-C nreco%erable error:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< andif the UE detects R&C $nrec-/erable err-r N1O in an A R&C entit(:3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se KR-C nreco%erable errorK.

· Cell reselection:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et:if the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state and the UE 3erf-r%s cell re9selecti-n< -rif the UE is in CE&&'FACH state and the /ariable C'R"2 is e%3t(:3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se Kcell reselectionK.

· Periodical cell !date:if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< andif the UE is in CE&&'FACH -r CE&&'PCH state< andif the ti%er 2GB e*3ires< andif the criteria f-r Kin ser/ice areaK and


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if 3eri-dic $3datin0 has been c-nfi0$red b( 2GB in the E KUE 2i%ers and c-nstants inc-nnected %-deK set t- an( -ther /al$e than Kinfinit(K:

3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K!eriodical cell !dateK.· ,$,S rece!tion:

if n-ne -f the criteria f-r 3erf-r%in0 cell $3date ith the ca$ses s3ecified ab-/e in thec$rrent s$bcla$se is %et< andif the UE is in URA'PCH# Cell'PCH -r Cell'FACH state< andif the UE sh-$ld 3erf-r% cell $3date f-r =S c-$ntin0 #

3erf-r% cell $3date $sin0 the ca$se K,$,S rece!tionK.1B) What is Acti/e set?

Acti%e Set is defined as the set -f "-de9=s the UE is si%$ltane-$sl( c-nnected t- 5i.e.# theU2RA cells c$rrentl( assi0nin0 a d-nlin7 DPCH t- the UE c-nstit$te the acti/e set).

1) What is -nit-r set and detected set Cells?a. Cells# hich are n-t incl$ded in the acti/e set# b$t are incl$ded in the CE&&'"F!'&S2

bel-n0 t- the ,onitored Set. b. Cells detected b( the UE# hich are neither in the CE&&'"F!'&S2 n-r in the acti/e set

bel-n0 t- the Detected Set. Re3-rtin0 -f %eas$re%ents -f the detected set is -nl(

a33licable t- intra9fre+$enc( %eas$re%ents %ade b( UEs in CE&&'DCH state.1) What are the /ari-$s t(3es -f R"C?a. Ser/in0 R"C

b. Drift R"Cc. C-ntr-llin0 R"C1) What is the $se and difference beteen CR"C# Drift R"C and SR"C?

R"C fr-% hich the UE is c$rrentl( 0ettin0 Ser/ed -r c-nnected t- is called SR"C -rSer/in0 R"C.D$rin0 a s-ft hand-/er 3r-ced$re the R"C UE is %-/in0 t-# is called Drift R"C.2he R"C hich c-ntr-ls the %-/e%ent -f UE fr-% Ser/in0 R"C t- the Drift R"C is calledC-ntr-llin0 R"C.

1) What is initial direct transfer %essa0e? What is the $se?

2he initial direct transfer 3r-ced$re is $sed in the $3lin7 t- establish a si0nalin0 c-nnecti-n.t is als- $sed t- carr( an initial $33er la(er 5"AS) %essa0e -/er the radi- interface.

8G) What is sec$rit( %-de c-%%and? Wh( it is $sed?Sec$rit( %-de c-%%and is a RRC essa0e#2he 3$r3-se -f this 3r-ced$re :

· 2- tri00er the start -f ci3herin0 -r t- c-%%and the restart -f the ci3herin0 ith a neci3herin0 c-nfi0$rati-n# f-r the radi- bearers -f -ne C" d-%ain and f-r all si0nallin0 radi-

bearers.· t is als- $sed t- start inte0rit( 3r-tecti-n -r t- %-dif( the inte0rit( 3r-tecti-n c-nfi0$rati-n

f-r all si0nallin0 radi- bearers81) What is CC2rCH?

A C-ded C-%3-site 2rans3-rt Channel is the res$lt -f c-%binin0 5%$lti3le*in0) se/eral2rans3-rt Channels -f the sa%e t(3e< i.e.: e can ha/e a CC2rCh %ade $3 -f -ne -r se/eralDCHs# a CC2rCh %ade $3 -f DSCHs. !ne e*ce3ti-n is that e can ha/e -ne -r se/eralFACHs %$lti3le*ed ith a PCH -n the sa%e CC2rCh.

A better n-tati-n -$ld be f-r e*a%3le:CC2rCh@DCH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f @ DCHsCC2rChFACH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f FACHsCC2rChPCH#8FACH: A CC2rCh c-nsistin0 -f the PCH and 8 FACHs

88) What is c-%3ressed %-de?


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Hi0her la(ers can re+$est a UE t- %-nit-r cells -n -ther fre+$encies 5FDD# 2DD)# -r -thers(ste%s 5S). 2his i%3lies that the UE has t- 3erf-r% %eas$re%ents# -n the -therfre+$encies,s(ste%s and th$s hi0her la(ers c-%%and the UE t- enter C-%3ressed -de.2he U2RA" need t- send t- the UE all the 3ara%eters f-r the C-%3ressed -de.Com!ression ,ethods:

When in C-%3ressed -de the inf-r%ati-n n-r%all( trans%itted d$rin0 a 1G %s fra%e isc-%3ressed in ti%e s-that 0a3s -f ade+$ate len0th are created. 2- achie/e this -ne -f three%echanis%s

· Pnctring2his %eth-d is "!2 a33licable t- d-nlin7.

· S!read Factor Redction Act$all( hal/in0 the S3read Fact-r. S- ith this %eth-d if SF is $sed in n-n9c-%3ressedfra%es then SF,8 is $sed in the c-%3ressed fra%es.

· Higher -ayer SchedlingHi0her &a(ers set restricti-ns s- that -nl( a s$bset -f all-ed 2FCs are $sed inC-%3ressed -de.Com!ressed ,ode Parameter:

(GS 52rans%issi-n a3 Startin0 Sl-t "$%ber): A trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern be0ins in aradi- fra%e# called firstradi- fra%e -f the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# c-ntainin0 at least -netrans%issi-n 0a3 sl-t. 2S" is the sl-t n$%ber-f the first trans%issi-n 0a3 sl-t ithin thefirst radi- fra%e -f the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern< (G-/ 52rans%issi-n a3 &en0th 1): D$rati-n -f the first trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin thetrans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -f sl-ts< (G-2 52rans%issi-n a3 &en0th 8): D$rati-n -f the sec-nd trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin thetrans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -f sl-ts. f this 3ara%eter is n-t e*3licitl( set

b( hi0her la(ers# then 2&8 2&1< (GD 52rans%issi-n a3 Start Distance): D$rati-n beteen the startin0 sl-ts -f t-c-nsec$ti/e trans%issi-n 0a3s ithin a trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern# e*3ressed in n$%ber -fsl-ts. 2he res$ltin0 3-siti-n -f the sec-nd trans%issi-n 0a3 ithin its radi- fra%e5s) shall

c-%3l( ith the li%itati-ns -f 2S 8B.1G1 5Ref N8O). f this 3ara%eter is n-t set b( hi0herla(ers# then there is -nl( -ne trans%issi-n 0a3 in the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern< (GP-/ 52rans%issi-n a3 Pattern &en0th): D$rati-n -f trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern 1< (GP-2 52rans%issi-n a3 Pattern &en0th): D$rati-n -f trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern 8. fthis 3ara%eter is n-t e*3licitl( set b( hi0her la(ers# then 2P&8 2P&1.2he f-ll-in0 t- 3ara%eters 5inte0ers) c-ntr-l the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence startand re3etiti-n: (GPRC 52rans%issi-n a3 Pattern Re3etiti-n C-$nt): "$%ber -f trans%issi-n 0a33atterns ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence< Fr-% Fi0$re 1G it see%s 2PRC ise/en# theref-re the n$%ber -f sl-ts in 2 Se+$ence is: G.BQ2PRC 52P&12P&8) (GCF 52rans%issi-n a3 C-nnecti-n Fra%e "$%ber): CF" -f the first radi- fra%e -fthe first 3attern 1 ithin the trans%issi-n 0a3 3attern se+$ence.

8) What is FACH %eas$re%ent -ccasi-n?APs in S9CCPCH t- 3erf-r% %eas$re%ent -n Different Fre+$encies -r nterrat resecti-n.

8@) =,S=,S= details?=: 2he Sched$lin0 -f = is Static.

8B) Wh( e 3erf-r% Channelisati-n -r s3readin0 bef-re scra%blin0?=ef-re sendin0 a data e need t- identif( the channel t- send the data. A 3artic$larChannelisati-n c-de is the identit( f-r the channel.


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Hence e $se Channelisati-n c-de t- select the channel and then scra%ble it s- as t- sendthe identit( -f the UE -/er the channel

8) When 2S # P9 2S # S # E $sed?· 2S 5S9AP): 2he 2S 5S9AP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable. 2he E K&AK in the E

Knitial UE identit(K shall als- be 3resent hen 2S 5S9AP) is $sed# f-r %a7in0 it$ni+$e.

· P92S 5S9AP): 2he P92S 5S9AP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable and n- 2S5S9AP) is a/ailable. 2he E KRAK in the E Knitial UE identit(K shall in this case als-

be 3resent hen P92S 5S9AP) is $sed# f-r %a7in0 it $ni+$e.· S 5S9AP): 2he S 5S9AP) shall be ch-sen if a/ailable and n- 2S 5S9

AP) -r P92S is a/ailable.· E: 2he E shall be ch-sen hen n-ne -f the ab-/e three c-nditi-ns are f$lfilled.8) What is A$t- attached?

A$t- Attac

h

Enabled Disabled

WhenP-er!n

f "! t ill 3erf-r% a c-%bined Attachf "!t ill d- a &AU and Attach.

f UE is &-cati-n $3dated i.e.S &A is sa%e as Cell &A2hen it ill d- n-thin0.f UE is n-t &-cati-n $3datedi.e.S &A differs fr-% the Cell&A then UE ill 3erf-r%&-cati-n Area U3date

PSCall

Sa%e RRC c-nnecti-n can be$sed f-r the PS call.

Will d- a PS attach then thePS call.

8) Wh( e d- a C-%bined Attach?f the net-r7 -3erates in "et-r7 -de !f !3erati-n i.e. "! and PRS S that-3erates in -de A -r -de = ill d- a si%$ltane-$s S attach f-r PRS and n-n PRSser/ices and shall $se the C-%bined PRS attach# c-%bined and 3eri-dic r-$tin0 area$3datin0 3r-ced$res instead -f the c-rres3-ndin0 s3ecific 3r-ced$res S attach andn-r%al and 3eri-dic &-cati-n area $3datin0.

8) When UE tri00ers E/ent A eas$re%ent Re3-rt?E/ent A:2he Esti%ated T$alit( -f c$rrentl( $sed U2RA" fre+$enc( is bel- a certainthresh-ld and the esti%ated +$alit( -f the -ther s(ste% is ab-/e a certain thresh-ld.

G) H- %an( trans3-rt channels ill be c-nfi0$red hen a CS4 and a PSD call issi%$ltane-$sl( 0-in0 -n?Fi/e trans3-rt channels ill be c-nfi0$red.1 f-r @ SR=s f-r CS4 1 f-r PSD

1) When e/ent 8A# 8=# 8C#8E -cc$rs?E/ent 8a: Chan0e -f best fre+$enc(


9/40

E/ent 8b: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f the c$rrentl( $sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certainthresh-ld and the esti%ated +$ailt( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is ab-/e a certain thresh-ld.

E/ent 8c: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is ab-/e a certain thresh-ldE/ent 8d: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f the c$rrentl( $sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certain

thresh-ldE/ent 8e: 2he esti%ated +$alit( -f a n-n9$sed fre+$enc( is bel- a certain thresh-ld

8) When e/ent 1A L 1F E/ent -cc$rs?e/ent 1A: A Pri%ar( CPCH enters the re3-rtin0 ran0ee/ent 1=: A 3ri%ar( CPCH lea/es the re3-rtin0 ran0ee/ent 1C: A n-n9acti/e 3ri%ar( CPCH bec-%es better than an acti/e 3ri%ar( CPCHe/ent 1D: Chan0e -f best celle/ent 1E: A Pri%ar( CPCH bec-%es better than an abs-l$te thresh-lde/ent 1F: A Pri%ar( CPCH bec-%es -rse than an abs-l$te thresh-ld

) Where C and 0ets 0enerated?n RRC C and 0ets 0enerated.

@) Where C and 0ets st-red?n US C and ill 0et st-red.

B) Where the Sec$rit( 3r-ced$re ill start?Sec$rit( Pr-ced$re ill start in RRC b$t Ci3herin0 ill start f-r A and U data sec$rit(3r-ced$re ill start at R&C la(er. And f-r 2 %-de sec$rit( 3r-ced$re start at AC la(er.

) What are the %andat-r( S=6s hich UE has t- read bef-reca%3in0?

S= 1# #B##11) What are the i%3-rtant RACH 3ara%eters and hich S= c-ntains this inf-r%ati-n?

S= ,B) Which S= c-ntains S criteria inf-r%ati-n?

S=

1. Explain Ec/Io and RSCP; on what channel are theymeasured on?Ec/Io = energy of carrier over all noise. RSCP = Receive Signal Code Power. In FDD

mode (what we normally deal with they are meas!red on the CPIC" (#ilot. $on!s if

they %now that Io is the s!m of all interference& thermal/'ac%gro!nd noise interferers

own cell and is wide'and. $on!s if they !nderstand that RSCP is act!ally meas!red)F*ER de+s#reading (i.e. narrow'and

2. hat does channeli!ation codes do and "unction?Channeli,ation codes are !sed for s#reading and de+s#reading of the signals- they also

create the channels ma%ing it #ossi'le to disting!ish 'etween


10/40

!sers/connections/channels. $on!s if they %now that they have an associated

S#reading Factor and are allocated de#ending on the 'andwidth re!ired 'y the

service.

#. hat does the scram$lin% code do and "unction?Scram'ling Code ma%es it #ossi'le for the 0E to disting!ish the transmissions from

different cells/1ode$s. $on!s if he %nows there are 234 #rimary scram'ling codes and

that are 'ro%en !# to 56 gro!#s of 7 codes each.

&. Explain the concept o" Cell 'reathin%. (ow is it accounted"or in the lin) 'ud%et?Io or 1o (the interference #art of Ec/Io and E'/1o increase as the traffic on the

networ% increases since everyone is !sing the same fre!ency. *herefore as Io or 1o

increases the 0E or $*S needs to !se more #ower to maintain the same E'/1o or Ec/Io.

8hen the #ower re!ired is more than the ma9im!m #ower allowed- the connection

cannot 'e made. 0sers at the cell edge are !s!ally the first to lose service: hence the

service area of a cell shrin%s. )s traffic decreases- the reverse ha##ens and the service

area increases. *hey sho!ld say that it is acco!nted for in the 1oise Rise ;argin fo!nd

in the


11/40

9. hat is the ma:or di""erence in lin) $ud%ets $etween,-S and S-/8-5?In 0;*S yo! generally have a lin% '!dget for each service (voice- data- video etc- in

?S; yo! !s!ally only !se 3 for voice. Each service has a different E'/1o target. In

0;*S yo! have to consider the target traffic load yo! will have and add a noise+rise

margin- in ?S; yo! may have a slight interference margin '!t not normally related to

traffic. In 0;*S some services (li%e voice will show !# as !#lin% limited '!t other

services (li%e "SDP)- A76%'#s service will show as downlin% limited. In 0;*S yo!

!s!ally have to consider that all !sers !se the same #ower from the $*S therefore the

more n!m'er of !sers the lower the ma9im!m #ower availa'le #er !ser (ma9im!m

#ower #er connection which is a starting #oint in the lin% '!dget.


12/40

;any definitions& ) cell that has high signal strength at a location '!t is not #art of the

active set. ) cell that- meets the criteria for addition into the )ctive Set '!t cannot

enter 'eca!se the active set is f!ll.

12. (ow would you "ind such cells "rom a plannin%tool and "rom a dri+e test tool?Ignoring low signal conditions- if the 'est cell RSCP is greater than say +72d$m and

there are cells not in the active set '!t are strong eno!gh to 'e in the active set then

they are candidate for #ilot #oll!ters.


13/40

16. Aame the & RRC Connected -odes states0 anddescri$e the characteristics o" each.Cell8C( 0E has 'een allocated a dedicated #hysical channel in !#lin% and downlin%.

Cell45C( 0E listens to F)C" channel (D


14/40

2. 8ependin% on the R4 conditions7 what can thenetwor) do to mana%e call 3uality?);R + for good conditions !se codec will low red!ndancy/overhead: for #oor conditions

!se codec with lower 'it rate re!irement '!t higher overhead- stronger coding and

more red!ndancy.

21. In (S8P57 how does the networ) mana%e thethrou%hput on the Radio Inter"ace "or a user/ connection?;od!lation (35>);- >PS etc- Coding (convol!tion coding- fire codes etc- n!m'er of

codes allocated and sched!ling (it@s a shared reso!rce

22.

Explain Inner and @uter loop power control andwho controls them.If they start tal%ing a'o!t #en and Closed


15/40

2*. In prelaunch optimi!ation7 how are missin%nei%h$ors usually detected?0s!ally yo! !se a scanner and com#are the 'est #ilots in Ec/Io from the scanner

against that of the active set and monitored set from an active 0E. If there is a stronger

#ilot from a near'y cell that a##ears on the scanner '!t not on the 0E- there is a

#ossi'le missing neigh'or. ne wo!ld then verify that the neigh'or a##ears in defined

neigh'or list from the SS.

26. hat is the CI in (S8P5?C>I is the channel >!ality Indicator- 8hich is calc!lated on the $asis of RF informant-

and the code allocation is done on the 'asis of C>I.

29. hat is the (5R?*his is the "y'rid )!tomatic re#eat re!est *echni!e for the retransmission of the lost

frame which is !sed 'y the "SDP). *hat hel#s to recover the lost frame 'y two #artially

lost frames.

2. hat are the di""erent R5's in R>>?cs+34.4 for s#eech-cs+56 for video calls -#s+35 #s+56 #s 347 #s+A76 for data services.

#. hat is I in C8-5 how it impact?It is the transmission time interval for sending one frame for 8CD;) it is 3ms.

#1. (ow many PSC in C8-5?+233- *otal 234

#2. hat is the Processin% ain?Ratio of chi# rate to 'it rate- lower 'it rate services will offer higher #rocessing gain


16/40

##. hat is the Power Control?Power control is the mechanism of maintaining minimal #ower level with acce#ta'le

>S for each service

#&. hat should $e the idle CPIC( power?3H of the *otal Power

#*. hat is ra)e recei+er?) ra%e receiver is a radio receiver designed to co!nter the effects of m!lti#ath fading. It

does this 'y !sing several s!'+receivers called fingers- that is- several correlators

each assigned to a different m!lti#ath com#onent. Each finger inde#endently decodes a

single m!lti#ath com#onent: at a later stage the contri'!tion of all fingers are

com'ined in order to ma%e the most !se of the different transmission characteristics of

each transmission #ath.

#6. hat )inds o" ser+ices are a+aila$le withC8-5?Conversational- $ac%gro!nd- Streaming- Interactive.

#9. hich modulation schemes are used in C8-5?>PS. "PS- $PS- 35>);- 56>);

#


17/40

&1. hich timer is in+ol+ed "or periodic =5 D R5update?*imer tA434 is involved and is contained in SI$3.

&2. hat is the 8i""erence $etween Ec/Ao and Ec/Io?Ec/1o+ Interference ca!sed 'y com'ination of the 1on+orthogonality of Codes- thermal

noise all other noises #resent in the Channel. Ec/Io+ Interference ca!sed 'y only d!e

to non+orthogonality of codes in the channel.

. hat are the no. o" scram$lin% codes used in ,=and 8=?

Scram'ling codes in !#lin%+ 4J46+3. Scram'ling codes in Downlin%+ 4J37+3= 73K4.

&&. hat are the types o" compressed modetechni3ues used in #?*hree *y#es+ 3. P!nct!ring. 4. SF/4. A."igher


18/40

)lso 1ote that the CE


19/40

A. !almeas + >!al;in -

Sr9lev = >r9levmeas + R9!al;in + ;inim!m

re!ired !ality val!e and is sent in SI$A for serving cell and SI$ 33 for adNacent cell-

R9


20/40

(. What coul# )e the cause of soft han#over failure?

&' issue.

0esource unavailable at taret Node#.

"nade1uate S+2 threshold defined.

'tc.

*. What are the three sets in han#over?

he / sets in handover are3

ctive set 4 the list of cells which are in soft handover with &'.

5onitored set 4 the list of cells not in active set but 0N* has told &' to monitor.

Detected set 4 list of cells detected by the &' but not confiured in the neihbor list.

+. What are the ma,or #ifferences )etween -S an# U/S han#over #ecision?

6S53

ime)based mobile measures of 0x7ev and 0x8ual 4 mobile sends measurement report

every S*+ period (9:;ms!.

#S* instructs mobile to handover based on these reports.

&5S3

'vent)triered reportin 4 &' sends a measurement report only on certain event


21/40

4. What may happen when there5s a missin6 nei6h)or or an incorrect nei6h)or?

ccess failure and handover failure3 may attempt to access to a wron scramblin code.

Dropped call3 &' not aware of a stron scramblin code, stron interference.

oor data throuhput.oor voice 1uality.

'tc.

17. What can we try to improve when access failure is hi6h?

>hen access failure is hih we can try the followin to improve 0*+ performance3

"ncrease maximum &' transmit power allowed3 5axallowed&7@ower.

"ncrease power 1uickly3 power2ffset;.

"ncrease number of preambles sent in a iven preamble cycle3 preamble0etrans5ax.

"ncrease the number of preamble cycles3 maxreamble*ycle."ncrease number of 00* *onnection 0e1uest retries3 N/;;.

11. What are the con#itions you typically set to tri66er I8A/ han#over?

0S* and 'cA"o are used to trier "0 handover3

0S* ? )%;;d#m.

'cA"o ? )%Bd#m.

12. What are the typical 9:Is you use to measure a networ an# what criteria?

ccess failure rate (? -C!.*all setup time (*S3 over $C of the time E B)second for mobile)to)SN, $)second for

mobile)mobile. S3 over $C of the time E )second!.

Dropped call rate (? -C!.

#7'03 over $C of the blocks ? -C.

verae D7A&7 throuhput for SD3 -%;kbps for loaded, -9;kbps for unloaded.

1$. What is the typical U& transmit power?

Faries 4 most of the time below ;d#m.

1(. %ave your use# &ricsson /&S? If so;

Do you know how to create command se1uence?

>hat are the call se1uences you typically have? *S lon call, *S short call, SD call, etc.

>hat are the typical commands you have for *S and S call?

Do you reularly stop and restart a new lo file? >hy and when to stop and start a new file?

+ow do you stop a lo file? Stop command se1uence first, wait and make sure all

e1uipment are in idle mode before stop loin.


22/40

1*.


23/40

'ven after controllin the coverae, if the spillover is there, dd the neihbor.

22. A U& is serve# )y 2 S in AS a S is comin6 in to onitore# Set an# &vent1a is

tri66ere#. But U& is not receivin6 Active Set Up#ate from 'o#eB an# the call #rops.

What coul# )e possi)le causes for this #rop?

Delayed +andover 7oss of Synchronization

Gast Gadin

ilot ollution A Spillover issues

2$. What is %ar# %an#over in U/S? When will it happen?

+ard +andover in &5S is a break before make type +andover

"t can happen in the inter 0N* boundaries where there is no "ur link.

2(. What is the typical all Setup /ime for a $- U& to $- U& all? What are the

possi)le 8> relate# causes for a #elaye# S/ in this type of call?

B to $ seconds

5ultiple 00* ttempts (&' is on poor coverae 4 need more than ccess ttempt!

Delayed ae 0esponses

+ih 7oad on ain andAor ccess *hannel

ain A ccess arameters

2*. What is Soft %an#over @verhea#? What is the typical value in U/S networ?

Soft +andover 2verhead is calculated in two ways. %! verae ctive Set Size 4 otal

raffic A rimary raffic. -! Secondary A otal rafficypical Falues are like %.K (v ctive Set Size! or /C (Secondary A otal !

-B. >hat will happen to the Soft +andover 2verhead when you apply 2*NS on the

network? nd >hy?

>ith 2*NS, the interference (load! increases. his leads to reduction in 'cA"o of a ilot,

which reduces the pilot spillovers. 0eduction in ilot Spillover will reduce the Soft +andover

2verhead.

20. What are the possi)le causes for an Access >ailure in U/S?

5issin Neihborsoor *overae

ilot ollution A Spillover

oor *ell 0eselection

*ore Network "ssues

Non 4 availability of resources. dmission *ontrol denies

+ardware "ssues

"mproper 0*+ arameters


24/40

'xternal "nterference

2. !>@8 &8ISS@' &:&8I&'&


25/40


26/40

What is the difference between cdma2000 and UMTS?

*dma!""" and UMTS were developed separately and are ! separate ITU approved 3G

standards. *dma!""" -C1TT+ %dma!""" -C0;,< (0;ol$tion+ ,ata


27/40

What are a%% the different internationa% or&anisations doin&?

0$ropean Tele%omm$ni%ations Standards Instit$te (0TSI) is wor#ing in 0$rope to developte%hni%al standards for UMTS. 3rdGeneration artnership roe%t (3G) is a %ooperation

between international standards bodies will ma#e UMTS and third generation mobile telephony

te%hni%al spe%ifi%ations. The fo$nding members are5 /1I8 and TT* of 7apan+ 0TSI of 0$rope+T- (/@SI) of the U.S. and TT/ of Jorea. The wor# of these organisations will be anno$n%ed

globally by the International Tele%omm$ni%ation Union (ITU). ITU %oordinate worldwide

spe%tr$m and IMT!""" standardisation+ harmonises regional reg$latory poli%ies and is afo$ndation and framewor# for 3G %onvergen%e a%ross regions and te%hnologies. UMTS &or$m

represents the opinions and views of the tele%omm$ni%ation ind$stry and operators and GSM

/sso%iates is a mobile operator organisation. 0$ropean 1adio%omm$ni%ations *ommittee (0*1)

in 0$ropean *onferen%e of ostal and Tele%omm$ni%ations /dministration (*0T) handles0$ropean radio freD$en%y related iss$es. 0$ropean Union (0U) harmonises its - members

UMTS implementation.

'ow is UMTS different from c(rrent second &eneration networks?

Higher spee%h D$ality that %$rrent networ#s /ddition to spee%h traffi% UMTS+ together with

advan%ed data and information servi%es+ will be a m$ltimedia networ#.

UMTS is above !G mobile systems for its potential to s$pport !Mbit9s data rates. UMTS is a real global system+ %omprising both terrestrial and satellite %omponents.

*onsistent servi%e environment even when roaming via >;irt$al Home 0nvironment> (;H0). /

person roaming from his networ# to other UMTS operators+ $ser will eCperien%e a %onsistent set

of servi%es th$s >feeling> on his home networ#+ independent of the lo%ation or a%%ess mode(satellite or terrestrial)

Why is W)*M+ ca%%ed Wideband?

3G 6*,M/ systems have MH bandwidth (one dire%tion). MH is neither wide nor narrowKit is $st the bandwidth. @ew 3G 6*,M/ systems have wider bandwidth than eCisting !G %dma

systems (%dma


28/40

systems. ate !""! there will also be d$al9m$lti band phones that %an be $sed in GSM and

UMTS networ#s. 0vent$ally phones will be able to do handovers between networ#s.

s there a transition period between UMTS and the present system?

There will probably not be a >transition> period in that sense+ be%a$se GSM systems will #eep on

operating at least neCt ten years. (some old -G networ#s are still r$nning ro$nd the world).


29/40

8y %harging high li%ense fee government imposes an indire%t taC whi%h mobile $ses have to bear

by paying more for ma#ing %alls. 8y giving >free> li%enses government %an %reate a goodenvironment for te%hnology start $p %ompanies+ be%a$se operator has more money to invest and

less $pfront fees.

Which network #endors can b(i%d a t(rn key 3G network?

@o networ# vendor %an s$pply all eD$ipment and %omponents to the f$ll a 3G networ#+ b$t D$ite

a few %an be a main %ontra%tor to b$ild a t$rn#ey 3G networ#. @ormally networ# vendors %an

bring in partners li#e servi%e and appli%ations providers+ hand set man$fa%t$res+ %ivil wor# and

a%D$isition %ompanies et%.

*$rrent short list of main vendors for t$rn#ey UMTS networ#s5

/l%atel

0ri%sson

$%ent

Motorola

@o#ia

@ortel

Siemens9@0*

*$rrent short list of main vendors for t$rn#ey %dma!""" networ#s5

0ri%sson

G 0le%troni%s

$%ent

Motorola

@ortel

Sams$ng

Who m(ch does 3G network cost to b(i%d?


30/40

Good so$r%e of information is to %ontra%t anno$n%ements and ann$al reports. Those $s$ally tell

how m$%h money an operator will spend on infrastr$%t$re. In every %o$ntry ea%h %arrier has tospend aro$nd same amo$nt of money to b$ild a same sie 3G networ#+ so if yo$ see one of the

operator's spending fig$res+ all other operators $se similar s$ms of money per s$bs%riber.

Sometimes spending fig$res in%l$de servi%es (planning+ logisti%s+ %ommissioning+ integration+

testing et%.)+ b$t almost never %ivil wor#s on base station sites. ress reports %laim that operators

in 0$rope have spend aro$nd =" e$ro per 3G s$bs%riber for infrastr$%t$re L planning servi%es Lsite %ivil wor#s+ this fig$re sho$ld drop to aro$nd 2"" e$ros within %o$ple of years.

Infrastr$%t$re %ost are only small part of total networ# related %ost and operators also have

li%ense fees+ finan%ing fees+ %ost of r$nning the organisation+ sales and mar#eting %osts et%.EMoreF

am doin& a 3G report abo(t , where can &et e#en more info?

/fter yo$ %an have %he%#ed5

UMTS 6orld web site

6here %an I find additional reliable 3G information abo$t ... B answers

3G web site

Sear%h 0ngineso$ %an try other information so$r%es5

3G 9 GSM operators web sites+ press releases+ ann$al report (see how they spend theirmoney)+ *0


31/40

Te%% me abo(t UMTS - 3G e%ectroma&netic radiation safety

&irst thing is to get yo$r hands on to the latest government 0M1 (ele%tromagneti% radiation)standard. *he%# yo$ government web site. Ein#sF

o$r government pages sho$ld have more information and %onta%t information where to order a boo#let that gives g$idelines at least of5

6hat is the safety one ro$nd the mobile and transmission antennas.

How the %ombined radiation field val$es is %al%$lated from different antennas on a same

rooftop.

o%al g$idelines how antenna sho$ld be pla%ed.

ower levels of indoor antennas.

How all 0M1 %al%$lations are done.

o%al %ity %o$n%ils might also have their own additional g$idelines+ %he%# those.

Governments $s$ally do not state eCa%t val$es what is safe and what is not safe+ for legal

reasons. 0U %o$ntries normally iss$e >g$idelines> that are bit to$gher than 0U standards. InUS/ &,/ has a %lear statement5 >Th$s+ the available s%ien%e does not allow $s to %on%l$de that

mobile phones are absol$tely safe+ or that they are $nsafe. However+ the available s%ientifi%

eviden%e does not Eemphasis &,/'sF demonstrate any adverse health effe%ts asso%iated with the$se of mobile phones.> See5 &,/ Mobile hones page

In most %o$ntries operators are reD$ired by law to %al%$late these safety ones. /s# yo$r mobileoperator if they %an provide safety %al%$lations.

/%%ording to re%ent news arti%les there have been over 4"" st$dies related to 0M1 witho$t a

final %on%l$sion+ so don't hold yo$r breath to get a final answer in a near f$t$re. eople alwaysforget that mobile antennas radiate abo$t 2"6 power+ b$t T; and radio towers $se #ilowatts of

power and even a hair drier generates a ni%e 0M1 field from -"""6 li#e a #it%hen mi%rowave

oven.

6*,M/ transmitter spread the !"2"6 power over MH+ while GSM 2"6 transmitter $ses

!""#H band+ b$t GSM 8TS need more radios to serve an area. 8oth systems $se similar types

of antennas+ so 0M1 levels are similar. 8oth 8TSs normally $se power %ontrol to minimie the$sed power.

0M1 1eso$r%es5

6H


32/40

6H< fa%t sheet

0M1 @etwor#

1eport

&,/ Mobile hones page

&/O

/nother &/O

&** G$idelines

/11 reso$r%es

*6TI reso$r%es

0Cample download site from /$stralia

Google Sear%h

want to b(y a 3G - UMTS book Which one sho(%d b(y?

See o$r boo# sele%tion page. 8$t before yo$ b$y+ yo$ sho$ld st$dy a bit 3G 9 UMTS. 1ead o$rte%hnology se%tion. Then download 3G spe%ifi%ations %ontent page and sele%t the first

spe%ifi%ations of ea%h series li#e ::.""-+ ::.""! or ::."-+ for eCample5 !3.""! @etwor# /r%hite%t$re

!.2"- UT1/@


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and versions. &or eCample if yo$ want to #now abo$t USIM+ following titles %an be seen5

!-.--- USIM and I* %ard reD$irements

!!."3 USIM9SIM /ppli%ation Tool#it (US/T9S/T)K Servi%e des%riptionK Stage -

!!.--! USIM tool#it interpreterK Stage -

3-.-"! *hara%teristi%s of the USIM /ppli%ation

3-.--- USIM /ppli%ation Tool#it (US/T)

3-.-!- UI**terminal interfa%eK USIM appli%ation test spe%ifi%ation

3-.-!! USIM %onforman%e test spe%ifi%ation

3-.A"" SIM9USIM internal and eCternal interwor#ing aspe%ts

o$ need to &T them for eCample from ftp599ftp.3gpp.org9spe%s9latest9 . o$ %an also type thatto I0." or later or $se &T program. If yo$ $se I0." sele%t &ile *opy to &older from the top

men$ to %opy file so yo$r %omp$ter.

&ollow the folders and then for eCample5ftp599ftp.3gpp.org9spe%s9latest91el9!-Pseries9 has the latest !-.--- spe%ifi%ations. (7$n !""!)

The Se%ond best thing is to sear%h Google+ b$t then again the Internet is f$ll of misinformation.

Search >>> Search &5S >orld

Where can find detai%s of UMTS ca%% set (p proced(re?

,ownload 3G spe%ifi%ation5 TS !.33- 1adio 1eso$r%e *ontrol (11*) proto%ol spe%ifi%ation

TS !.3"2 U0 ro%ed$res in Idle Mode and ro%ed$res for *ell

1esele%tion in *onne%ted Mode Those do%$ments have all the details.

*li%# the th$mbnail on the right for more detail

Te%% me abo(t W+4 and 3G interoperabi%ity

;endor as b$sy showing their 6/@3G %apabilities+ roaming and networ# handovers are the

hot topi%s. $%ent Te%hnologies anno$n%ed demonstration of 3G highspeed mobile data andvoi%e %apabilities+ @o#ia shows the 6/@ implementation and 8ritish Tele%om has

anno$n%edthe 6/@ hot spot implementation.

6oole Search

http://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.lucent.com/press/0302/020313.nsb.htmlhttp://www.nokia.com/networks/product_catalog/pc_maincategory/1,6921,45796,00.htmlhttp://www.nokia.com/networks/product_catalog/pc_maincategory/1,6921,45796,00.htmlhttp://www.bt.co.uk/btnews/Btn_DtlNews.jsp?ArticleID=29120http://www.bt.co.uk/btnews/Btn_DtlNews.jsp?ArticleID=29120http://www.google.com/http://www.lucent.com/press/0302/020313.nsb.htmlhttp://www.nokia.com/networks/product_catalog/pc_maincategory/1,6921,45796,00.htmlhttp://www.bt.co.uk/btnews/Btn_DtlNews.jsp?ArticleID=29120http://www.bt.co.uk/btnews/Btn_DtlNews.jsp?ArticleID=29120


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3G spe%s show two related do%s5

!!.!32 (reserved for f$t$re 6/@ I9w stage -)+ not available yet and

!!.A32 &easibility st$dy on 3G system to 6ireless o%al /rea @etwor# (6/@)

interwor#ing

o$ %an download !!.A32 from5 ftp599ftp.3gpp.org9spe%s9atestdrafts9

0arlier &/O /nswer gives yo$ some help how to download those


35/40

probably be -""" base station in $rban areas. 6ithin year abo$t site %o$nt will in%rease to """

sites and event$ally $p to -"""" sites depending how s$%%essf$l the b$siness is.

'ow to ca%c(%ate a W)*M+ %ink b(d&et?

To %al%$late it yo$ need to #now5

Type of servi%e (data type and speed)

Type of environment (terrain+ b$ilding penetration) 8ehavio$r and type of mobiles (speed+ maC power level)

System %onfig$ration (8TS antennas+ 8TS power+ %able losses+ handover gain)

1eD$ired %overage probability

lease see an eCample on in# 8$dget page.

What are the UMTS fre5(encies and channe% spacin&?

-A""-A!" and !"-"!"! MH Time ,ivision ,$pleC (T,,+ T,9*,M/) Unpaired+ %hannel

spa%ing is MH and raster is !"" #H. TC and 1C are not separated in freD$en%y-A!"-A" and !--"!-4" MH &reD$en%y ,ivision ,$pleC (&,,+ 6*,M/) aired $plin#

and downlin#+ %hannel spa%ing is MH and raster is !"" #H. /n


36/40

'ow does UMTS pa&in& work?

&irst+ get the latest 3G spe%ifi%ations !!--+ !3"2 and !33-

@ote5

I aging Indi%ator (val$e %al%$lated by higher layers)D aging Indi%ator (indi%ator set by physi%al layer)

!3"2 *hapter shows how aging


37/40

'ow is data compression done in UMTS?

;ideo and m$si% %ompression will be done in appli%ation level. 3G phone (and networ#

appli%ation servers) will have programs (or yo$ will be downloading them) that re%ords and

displays video or m$si%. Those programs have b$ildin data %ompression feat$res. Good

eCamples are M3 and other m$si% programs. M3 %ode% in%l$des data %ompression and most

%$rrent m$si% player $nderstands it. &or image and video there are several standards in%l$ding

70G+ M0G2+ H.!=3+ Mi%rosoft media player et%. available.

&rom 3G !=.!32 4.2 ;ideo5

ITUT 1e%ommendation H.!=3 E!!F profile " level -" shall be s$pported. This is the mandatory

video de%oder for the SS. In addition+ SS sho$ld s$pport5

H.!=3 E!3F rofile 3 evel -" de%oderK

M0G2 ;is$al Simple rofile evel " de%oder+ E!2F and E!F.These two video de%oders are optional to implement.

@%all forwarding>+ >%alling line


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identity>+ faC+ slowspeed data e%t+ te%hni%ally that is possible to implement this between

networ#s.

/ll telephone networ#s are designed to wor# with ea%h other and UMTS networ#s will $se

standard interfa%es towards all other networ#s. S4 and I (internet proto%ol) will be the most

%ommonly $sed interfa%es standard+ b$t all UMTS vendors %an offer tens of different %o$ntry

spe%ifi% interfa%e proto%ols if reD$ired.

What wi%% be a 3G 7i%%er +pp%ication?

Most people have their own view what the 3G Jiller /ppli%ation(s) will be. Some say that there

will not be a single appli%ation+ b$t a palette of servi%es. Most li#ely there will not be only a

single appli%ation that be%omes very pop$lar and at the same time ma#es a lot of money to the

operator. 0mail+ voi%e(?)+ messaging+ m$si%9video streaming are pop$lar bets for money ma#ingappli%ations. If yo$ loo# any reports abo$t 3G servi%es+ m%ommer%e and lo%ation based servi%es

are predi%ted to be%ome very pop$lar. Maybe the pri%ing will de%ide what will be a pop$lar

servi%e.

The easiest way to predi%t the f$t$re is to invent it> will apply here.


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:d(cation9


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Which %e#e% of UMTS standard wi%% the network be %a(nched in 2002?

/ll vendors have different software s%hed$les and development stat$s is a big se%ret. @ow it

loo#s li#e top vendors will probably have 3G 1elease 2 (with 7$ly !""- %orre%tion) level

software by the late !""! la$n%h date. (Some vendors were %onsidering la$n%hing with 'AA

release in !""!)

umts intrview

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