umr 5205 master course, lyon, january 2015 - digital ecosystems - 30/10/2012 digital ecosystems a...

UMR 5205

Master Course, Lyon, January 2015 - Digital Ecosystems - 30/10/2012

Digital EcosystemsA (Rather) New Vision of IT

Lionel Brunie

National Institute of Applied Sciences (INSA)LIRIS Laboratory/DRIM Team – UMR CNRS 5205

Lyon, France

http://liris.cnrs.fr/lionel.brunie


2

Contents of the Course

Definition and Characteristics Distributed Systems Models Autonomic Systems Digital Ecosystems

Cyberspace and Digital Ecosystem(s) Use case – Emerging Applications Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem Security and Privacy Issues


3

Digital Ecosystem

Definition and Characteristics


4

Digital Ecosystems…A very versatile metaphor!

IT industry, Economy, Business

SOA, Software Engineering

Networks and Information Systems

For us: Distributed Collaborative Systems


5

Basic Models of Distributed Systems

Client-Server (typically, the Web)

Peer-to-Peer (typically Bittorent and file sharing systems)

Grid (typically, the CERN LCG)

Mobile agents

Variants → Course on large scale computing


6

The New Frontier

Traditional models fail to model and implement highly dynamic loosely supervised distributed systems

Alternative models autonomic computing → focus on autonomy and coordination cloud computing → re-centralize everything pervasive/ubiquitous computing → focus on user context Internet of Things → focus on interoperability digital ecosystems → an holistic vision


7

Autonomic Computing and Digital Ecosystems:

towards collaborative systems

Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005]

analogy with the nervous system – notion of equilibrium

observation: emerging systems and applications are dynamic

survivability of the system the system can adapt to environment changes (incl. attacks, faults, disruptions…)

basic operation loop of an autonomic system: Monitor-Decide-Adapt

sense / monitor the environment (context discovery), and analyze the context

plan a knowledge-based adaptation of the system (decision making)execute the change

context- and self-awareness


8

Architecture of an autonomic agent

From Parashar and Hariri, 2005

KE: Knowledge Engine

M&A: Monitoring and Analysis

Cardinals: performance, configuration, protection, security

L/G: local and global control loops

S: stable stateA: adapted stateE: execute action


9



Autonomic Computing [Horn, 2001; Parashar and Hariri, 2005] (cont’d): characteristics/properties of a generic autonomic system

Self Configuring

Self Optimizing

Self-Healing

Self Protecting

Context Aware

Open

Anticipatory

Proactive


10



Digital Ecosystems (Distributed Collaborative Systems) [Boley et al., 2007; Damiani and his group @ Milan]

“A digital ecosystem can be defined as an open, loosely

coupled, domain clustered, demand-driven, self-organizing

agent environment, where each agent of each species is

proactive and responsive regarding its own benefit/profit but

is also responsible to its system.” (Boley and Chang, 2007)


11



Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics Loose coupling - Personal Engagement

Equilibrium – Interdependence - Balance

Local Interactions Global Behavior

Self-organization – Autonomy - No Central or Distributed

Control

Adaptation to the Environment – Dynamicity – Evolutionary

System

Collective (Swarm) Intelligence – Structured Relationship -

Responsibility

Openness - Multiplicity of Ecosystems (cf. human social life)


12



Digital Ecosystems: Main Characteristics (cont’d)

Cooperation – Collective/Swarm Intelligencecf. bees, ants, dolphins…swarm is a set of agents that can interact and that share a common

interest collective problem solving

Communication System Semantics

DE => need of shared explicit formal semantics (formal languages)

Link with some characteristics of the semantic Web

A new way of designing/thinking distributed systems and applications

Related to autonomic computing


13

Is the “Cyberspace” a (set of) Digital Ecosystem(s)?

(can this concept helps us to understand our digital world?)


14

Dream your (future) life in an (emerging) digital world

You are always connected to the cyberspace, you can access your data everywhere

No more money, no more theatre tickets, no more boarding card, no more printed newspaper, no more books, no more music CDs (but still administrative papers, don’t dream too much)

Your car (sometimes) drives for you

You live in a (fairly? rather?) smart home

You participate in multiple digital social networks (incl. online games)

Your browser is proactive

There are digital services everywhere – The city is “smart”

ICT is at last pervasive: digital services adapt their behavior to you and your environment (e.g., location, preferences, profile, activity...)


15

Is it a Dream or the Reality ?

You are always connected to the cyber space, you can access your data everywhere

→ mobile Internet (3G/4G), clouds (reality)

No more money, no more theatre tickets, no more boarding card, no more printed newspaper, no more books, no more music CDs

→ smartphone, NFC, RFID tags (reality)

Your car (sometimes) drives for you

→ Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) (partial –

active development)

You live in a (a fairly? Rather?) smart home

→ Internet of Things (IoT) @home (not yet a reality)


16

Is it a Dream or the Reality ?

You participate in multiple digital social networks (incl. online games) → It is not the future, but the everyday life (reality)

Your browser is proactive → Recommendation systems (more and more true –

still active development (e.g., FP7 EEXCESS

project)

There are digital services everywhere → IoT, O2O, M2M, H2M (more and more true in

manufacturing, not true for citizens)

ICT is at last pervasive: digital services adapt their behavior to you and your environment (e.g., location)

→ context-aware services, location-based service, ambient intelligence, ambient social networks… (more and more true – still active

development)


17

Congratulations!

You are (at the center of) a

multi-scale ubiquitous ego-centric digital ecosystem


18

Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem

Ego-centric focus on the user’s interactions with her/his environment(s) personalization – context-awareness

Ubiquitous mobility simultaneous interactions with multiple ecosystems

Multi-scale comprise entities (typically, services) of totally different nature, origin

and operational characteristics from an embedded “thing” to a public cloud integration of data, information, knowledge from all sources huge mass of information

Digital Ecosystem see above


19

Back to the “Visions” (Part 1 of the Course)

Seamless “weaved into the fabric of everyday life”

“Graceful integration”

Transparency of the “cyber infrastructure” (“vanish in the background”)

User-centric

Conclusion: hard to imagine in 1991 – realistic as an objective for the next decade


20

OK, it is not a dreambut…

Is it a nightmare ?


21

Multi-scale Ego-centric Ubiquitous Digital Ecosystem:Security and Privacy Issues

You are the hub and the source of information (supposed to be) sensitive personal information

Data exchanges, dissemination of information between multiple ecosystems with various security and privacy characteristics

un-alignment of security/privacy policies sensitive information leakage

You do not control, worse do not actually know, the environment Uncertainty Dynamicity Unpredictability Absence of trust, Anonymity

Big Brother can watch you, now! Your everyday life is seamlessly weaved into the cyberspace fabric: you are traced The cyberspace does not forget: traces cannot be deleted The storage and processing capacities are almost unlimited: your traces are/can be mined

See course on these issues


22

Conclusion

New technologies enable / need / argue for new models, new designs

Whatever the model, some basic features Autonomy Collaboration User-Centricity Integration Context-Awareness Mobility

Digital ecosystems provide a holistic vision of emerging digital environments

Some still largely open issues, esp. regarding interoperability The cyberspace as a digital ecosystem is the Babel Tower

A fantastic, however in some way dreadful set of opportunities for new applications

umr 5205 master course, lyon, january 2015 - digital ecosystems - 30/10/2012 digital ecosystems a...

Documents