Document Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks OyB6I 067208AE/6.0.1NOKIA WCDMA BASE STATION FAMILYOverviewNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version(ii) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct and its version defined in the introduction of this document. This document is intended forthe use of Nokia Networks' customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which thedocument is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or meanswithout the prior written permission of Nokia Networks. The document has been prepared to beused by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibilitywhen using it. Nokia Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process ofcontinuous development and improvement of the documentation.The information or statements given in this document concerning the suitability, capacity, orperformance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding butshall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia Networks and the customer. However,Nokia Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in thedocument are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Networks will, ifnecessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the document.Nokia Networks' liability for any errors in the document is limited to the documentary correction oferrors. Nokia Networks WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THISDOCUMENT OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDINGMONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this document or the information in it.This document and the product it describes are considered protected by copyright according tothe applicable laws.NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.Copyright Nokia Networks Oy 2000. All rights reserved.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 1 (39)CONTENTS1. GLOSSARY .......................................................................................................... 32. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 52.1. General.......................................................................................................... 52.2. Summary of the Nokia WCDMA Base Station Family .................................. 63. NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BASE STATION................................................ 73.1. Applications .................................................................................................. 73.2. Physical Construction.................................................................................... 93.3. Capacity and Configurations ....................................................................... 104. TRIPLE-MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BASE STATION........................ 154.1. Applications ................................................................................................ 154.2. Physical Construction.................................................................................. 164.3. Capacity and Configurations ....................................................................... 165. NOKIA METROSITE WCDMA BASE STATION............................................. 175.1. Applications ................................................................................................ 175.2. Physical Construction.................................................................................. 175.3. Capacity and Configurations ....................................................................... 186. UNITS AND UNIT DESCRIPTIONS.................................................................. 196.1. RF Units...................................................................................................... 196.2. Baseband Units ........................................................................................... 206.3. Transmission units ...................................................................................... 216.4. Common Units ............................................................................................ 217. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ................................................................ 227.1. Local Management Tool.............................................................................. 227.2. External Alarms and Controls...................................................................... 227.3. Upgrading SW............................................................................................ 238. TRANSMISSION................................................................................................ 248.1. Introduction................................................................................................. 248.2. Transmission Interfaces............................................................................... 249. RADIO INTERFACE .......................................................................................... 269.1. RX Performance.......................................................................................... 269.2. Transmitting Power..................................................................................... 269.3. Capacity and configurations ........................................................................ 269.4. Handovers in WCDMA............................................................................... 2610. CONNECTIONS ................................................................................................. 2810.1. Power Supply.............................................................................................. 2810.2. Interfaces .................................................................................................... 2911. SITE SOLUTIONS.............................................................................................. 3111.1. Masthead Amplifier (MHA) ........................................................................ 31Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version2 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.111.2. Nokia UltraSite Support.............................................................................. 3212. GSM CO-SITING................................................................................................ 3313. RELIABILITY.................................................................................................... 3614. ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS............................................................ 3714.1. EMC Compatibility..................................................................................... 3814.1.1. EMC Emission.............................................................................. 3814.1.2. EMC Immunity............................................................................. 38Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 3 (39)1. GLOSSARYANT AntennaATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode, transfer mode in which theinformation is organised into cells: it is asynchronous in the sensethat the recurrence of cells containing information from anindividual user is not necessarily periodic.AXC ATM Cross-Connection. This entity consists of AXU unit andIFU units.BTS Base StationBias-T A component to isolate RF signal from DC current when both arepresent in the same conductor.Diplexer Combines two RF signals to one conductor. Can be used if thereis enough frequency separation between the signals.EMC Electro-Magnetic CompatibilityHLR Home Location RegisterIMA Inverse Multiplexed ATMIP Internet ProtocolIu Interconnection point between the RNC and the Core Network. Itis also considered as a reference point.Iub Interface between the RNC and the BTSIur A logical interface between two RNCs. Whilst logicallyrepresenting a point-to-point link between RNCs, the physicalrealisation may not be a point-to-point link.LMT Local Management ToolLNA Low Noise AmplifierMHA Masthead AmplifierMTBF Mean Time Between Failures, the expectation of the operationaltime duration between two consecutive failures of a repairableNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version4 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1item, measured in hours, years etc.NMS Network Management SystemPDG Packet Data GatewayPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyQ1-Bus Control bus for Site Support and Radio LinksRAKE Rake, a receiver structure for CDMA systemRAN Radio Access NetworkRF Radio FrequencyRNC Radio Network ControllerRX ReceiverSCP Service Control PointSDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, transmission technique in whichthere are specified limits to the timing relationship of thecorresponding significant instants of a signal.SRC Nokia Smart Radio ConceptSTM Synchronous Transfer ModeSTM-1 Synchronous Transport Module-1. An ITU-T defined SDHphysical interface for digital transmission in ATM at the rate of155.52 Mbit/s.UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network: UTRAN is aconceptual term identifying the network consisting of RNCs andBTS between Iu and Uu. The concept of UTRAN instantiation iscurrently undefined. (SMG2 ARC). URAN AND RAN are alsoused for the same purpose. RAN is preferred and used in NokiaWCDMA BSS documentation.VC Virtual Channel, unidirectional transport of ATM cells associatedby a common unique identifier value3G-SGSN WCDMA Packet Data Access NodeNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 5 (39)2.INTRODUCTION2.1.GeneralWCDMA technology is used on the air interface to build 3rd generation wirelesscommunication systems. An integrated entity in the system is RAN (Radio AccessNetwork) which includes Base Stations, Radio Network Controller and CellularTransmission (see Figure 2-1).Nokia has planned its whole infrastructure keeping in mind the existing mobilenetworks. This means that in base station design co-siting and utilisation of existinginfrastructure have been one of the major drivers. Special attention has been paid toall areas like transmission, antenna implementation and utilisation of existing basestation sites.Network Subsystem (GSM )Mobile Switching CentreHome Location Register(GSM)Landline NW(PSTN/ISDN)Landline NW(PSTN/ISDN)MSC HLRIN Service Control PointCo-sited GSM + WCDMABase Station SubsystemBase StationController (GSM)GSM Base StationBSC SIM CardGSM mobileGGSNSGSNPacket SubsystemInternet(TCP/IP)Internet(TCP/IP)Radio NetworkController (WCDMA)UMTS (WCDMA)Base StationRNC UMTS mobileGSM / UMTSmobile IWU/TCFigure 2-1. RAN System in WCDMAThis document focuses on describing the Nokia WCDMA BTSs. The documentprovides information on BTS functionality, configurations and extensionpossibilities. This will also give insight to some of the accessories that are veryclosely used together with Nokia WCDMA BTSs.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version6 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.12.2.Summary of the Nokia WCDMA Base Station FamilyThe Nokia WCDMA BTS Family consists of different types of BTSs:Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima IndoorNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima OutdoorNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima Compact OutdoorNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme IndoorNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme Outdoortriple-mode Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS Indoortriple-mode Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS OutdoorNokia MetroSite WCDMA BTSAll these Nokia WCDMA BTSs support cost-effectively operators' investment tothe WCDMA. During BTS site acquisition, the most suitable BTS can always beselected from the Nokia WCDMA BTS Family.Nokia WCDMA BTSs feature extensive coverage solutions with best possiblereceiver sensitivity. If further extension to coverage is needed, together withoptional Masthead Amplifier (MHA), coverage can be still expanded. The highoutput power of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs can be utilised to maximise cellcoverage.For capacity solutions the Nokia WCDMA BTS platform provides very highcapacity configurations from the beginning. Thus operator's future expansion needsare secured already with Nokia WCDMA BTS Family.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 7 (39)3.NOKIA ULTRASITE WCDMA BASE STATION3.1.ApplicationsThe Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs are designed for coverage and capacityapplications.For the initial launch of the WCDMA, all Nokia WCDMA BTSs will be optimisedfor fast and easy rollout allowing the WCDMA to be deployed rapidly over theinitial service area. The wide product range of BTSs ease the operator's siteacquisition in urban, suburban and rural environments.Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS OptimaIndoor OutdoorNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima CompactOutdoorNokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS Supreme Indoor OutdoorFigure 3-1. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSsGood uplink performance is essential for WCDMA networks. Nokia has developedfollowing features to guarantee maximised coverage area:Optimised receiver sensitivityOptional Mast Head AmplifierOptional Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)Even though coverage is usually the main concern when initially deploying acellular network, Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs are designed to also provide highNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version8 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1capacity. With their maximum configuration very high capacity demands ofoperators with different bandwidths can be meet. Nokia's solution provides alsocost efficient upgrade path from rollout configurations to full network capacity.For example, the 1+1+1 WCDMA carrier configuration has a 50 Erlang capacityper sector. This corresponds to 2000 users under one cell (sector); i.e. total 6000users are served by one tree-sectored WCDMA BTS (speech usage, assumption is25 mErl per user with 1% blocking).Rollout configurationIn Nokia's WCDMA rollout configuration one transmitter carrier is shared betweenseveral sectors in the downlink. In the uplink, the reception utilises sectoredantennas thus maximising the cell coverage area. Nokia Smart Radio Concept canbe used simultaneously to further improve uplink performance. Rolloutconfiguration can be easily upgraded to a dual-carrier configuration. When moredownlink capacity is needed, the output power can be flexibly increased withadditional power amplifier. Nokia's rollout configuration provides maximumcoverage at minimum cost.Capacity Enhancement ConfigurationsRollout configuration can easily be modified to a capacity enhancementconfiguration where the Nokia WCDMA BTS has one transmitted carrier persector. Just adding another power amplifier to the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSdoes this. Antenna lines and site construction remain as in rollout configuration. Incases where even more capacity is needed, new WCDMA carriers can be addedaccording to the needs.Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC)The SRC improves cell coverage, reduces equipment cost due less equipmentneeded for coverage building and reduces radio network complexity and flexiblecapacity upgrade path.The WCDMA system inherently enables the use of several types of diversity. 2-way RX diversity is a standard feature for Nokia WCDMA BTSs.4-way RX diversity is a part of optional Nokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC) and issupported in Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs. The SRC provides 4-way uplinkdiversity and 2-way downlink diversity. The SRC improves cell coverage, reducesequipment cost and radio network complexity and provides flexible capacityupgrade path.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 9 (39)Outdoor BTSIndoor BTSRuralSub-UrbanUrbanWCDMA MSFigure 3-2. Building coverage and capacity with Nokia WCDMA BTSsVersatile configurations are supported by Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs.Configurations are explained in more detail in section 3.3.3.2.Physical ConstructionPhysically, the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs are constructed of self-standingcore structure and plug-in units.All Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs use same plug-in units in different indoor andoutdoor configurations. This significantly reduces the number of different plug-inunits required and therefore lowers the future maintenance costs.Due full frontal accessibility Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS cabinets can beinstalled against a wall. All installation, commissioning and maintenance activitiescan be accomplished from the front and top of the cabinet.The heart of the BTS mechanics is the self-standing core structure. A metal panelset on this structure provides EMC shielding and makes it an indoor cabinet. Thealternative outdoor kit (door, walls, roof and plinth) makes the BTS system IP 55weatherproof.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version10 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1Nokia UltraSite Support cabinets can be used together with Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS cabinets. The Nokia UltraSite Support contains power supplies thatprovide DC power for the BTS, batteries and space for supporting functions likeexternal transmission equipment. Nokia UltraSite Support Family and NokiaUltraSite WCDMA BTS Family have corresponding cabinets for indoor or outdoorinstallations. Together these two cabinets can form a complete base station site andonly antenna system and AC-power supply need to be provided.Table 1.Dimensions and weights of the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs withRel1 HW equipment.OptimaIndoorOptimaOutdoorOptimaCompactOutdoorSupremeIndoorSupremeOutdoorDimensions(HxWxD) [mm]1100 x 600x 6001300 x 770x 7901300 x1200 x 7901800 x 600x 6001940 x 770x 790Empty Cabinet[kg]100 145 230 135 2201+1+1 [kg] 195 240 325 225 3152+2+2 [kg] 390 290 3803.3.Capacity and ConfigurationsThe indoor and outdoor cabinet versions of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS supportsame configurations. They are designed for flexible configuration and easyexpansion to support various numbers of carriers per sector. Also the number ofsectors can be defined freely within capacity limitations. Typical capacity of theWCDMA carrier is illustrated in Figure 3-3. Capacity is defined with 50 % uplinkload, which is a practical load to dimension a network. The individual carriers canachieve higher capacity even up to 2 Mbit/s (soft capacity).Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 11 (39)VoicetrafficDataTrafficSoftCapacity800kbps 50 Erlang100% Voice100% DataFigure 3-3. Typical air interface capacity of one WCDMA carrier.Number of subscribers supported by one WCDMA carrier is highly dependent onthe data rate per user. Only an average can be estimated and the capacities at celllevel can vary significantly because of the soft capacity feature of WCDMA. Thusonly an example of carrier capacity can be calculated. Following assumptions areused in example:50/50 voice/data split300 kbit/s average throughput for non real-time data25 Erl for voice services.Thus with the following assumptions one carrier can support 1000 data users:100 simultaneous sessions, average data rate per session is 3 kbit/s, lessthan 10 minutes sessions900 in idle mode90 to 95 inactive calls , not using radio resources5 to 10 calls are in active session with radio resource allocated. The datarate in active session varies between 64 - 144 kbit/s and the active sessionlasts few seconds.Simultaneously 1000 voice users can be supported with the assumption of 25mErl per user load.The capacities of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs are designed to be flexible. Thefirst release of the BTSs will support configurations with up to six carriers. TheNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version12 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1second release, which is fully upgradeable to the first release cabinets, will expandcapacity to big configurations like 4+4+4+4+4+4 with cabinet chaining. The NokiaUltraSite WCDMA BTS platform supports the future large configurations alreadyfrom the beginning.Table 2.Configuration table for the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS OptimaConfiguration NumberofcabinetsOutputpowerpercarrierMax. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.1Max. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.2WPAversion1 carrier omni 1 20W 384 768 20W3 sector 1 carrier(1+1+1)1 20W 384 768 20W2+2+2* 1 20W - 768 40W2+2+2* 1 10W - 768 20W* Available in Release 2.Table 3.Configuration table for the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS OptimaCompact**Configuration NumberofcabinetsOutputpowerpercarrierMax. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.1Max. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.2WPAversion1 carrier omni 1 20W 384 768 20W1+1+1 1 20W 384 768 20W1+1+1+1+1+1 1 20W 384 768 20W2+2+2* 1 20W - 768 20/40W4+4+4+4* 1 20W - 768 40W2+2+2+2+2+2* 1 20W - 768 40W* Available in Release 2.** Configurations shown in Table 3 are for cabinets with only WCDMA BTSequipment. In case the cabinet has also battery backup equipment, the BTScapacity is as shown in Table 2Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 13 (39)Table 4.Configuration table for the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSSupremeConfiguration NumberofcabinetsOutputpowerpercarrierMax. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.1Max. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.2WPAversion1 carrier omni 1 20W 576 1152 20W 1+1+1 1 20W 576 1152 20W1+1+1 1 40W 576 1152 20/40W 1+1+1+1+1+1 1 20W 576 1152 20W 2+2+2 1 20W 576 1152 20/40W 4+4+4* 1 20W - 1152 40W 2+2+2+2+2+2* 1 20W - 1152 40W4+4+4+4+4+4* 1 20W - 1152 40W 4+4+4+4+4+4* 2 20W - 2304 40W* Available in Release 2.Note 1, Configurations with up to 6 WCDMA carriers (6 sector 1 carrierOR3sector2carrier)willbeavailableinRelease1.Largerconfigurations will be supported in Release 2.Note 2,Dependingonthenetworkcapacityrequirementsthenumberofinstalled capacity can be matched with the air interface capacity.The front view of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima is provided in Figure 3-4and Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme in Figure 3-5.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version14 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1Figure 3-4. Front view of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima cabinet.Figure 3-5. Front view of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme cabinet.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 15 (39)4.TRIPLE-MODE NOKIA ULTRASITE EDGE BASESTATION4.1.ApplicationsNokia UltraSite EDGE BTS cabinet can house up to 12 TRXs, or up to 6GSM/EDGE TRXs and 6 WCDMA carriers (Release 2), or they can be configuredto hold up to 6 TRXs and an optional integrated battery backup. Nokia UltraSiteEDGE BTS provides a smooth evolution from GSM to WCDMA with thecapability to simultaneously enclose both GSM TRXs and WCDMA carriers in asingle BTS cabinet.WCDMAGSM/EDGEFigure 4-1. Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS with WCDMA functionalityNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version16 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.14.2.Physical ConstructionThe triple-mode Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS uses same WCDMA plug-in units asother Nokia WCDMA BTSs except the linear power amplifier and power supplyunits.Table 5.Dimensions and weights of Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS.Indoor OutdoorDimensions (HxWxD) [mm] 1800 x 600 x 570 1940 x 770 x 750Empty Cabinet [kg] 80 1501+1+1 [kg] 240 3102+2+2 [kg] 240 3104.3.Capacity and ConfigurationsCapacity is optimised for main application areas. In Table 6 the supported capacityand configurations are listed.Table 6. Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS WCDMA capacity and configurationsConfiguration NumberofcabinetsOutputpowerpercarrierMax. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.1Max. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.21 + 1 + 1 1 5 W 160 3202 + 2 + 2 (Rel. 2) 1 2 W - 320Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 17 (39)5.NOKIA METROSITE WCDMA BASE STATION5.1.ApplicationsNokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS is designed for micro and macro-cellular solutions.Because of its compact size and lightweight, it is suitable for installations inlocations with limited space and it can be used for multiple purpose applicationssuch as:Focused coverage enhancement in-fill coverageIndoor coverage from outdoorsRoadside coverageMicrocellular networks5.2.Physical ConstructionThe Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS uses same plug-in units as other NokiaWCDMA BTSs except the linear power amplifier, power supply, and widebandsumming and clock unit.The Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS is physically small and lightweight. It isdesigned for both indoor and outdoor installations. Power feed, antenna andtransmission cables are connected through the bottom of the cabinet.The appearance of Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS has been designed to beunobtrusive. Its mechanical structure supports installation on poles or walls. Thesefeatures ease the site-acquisition process by making it possible to utilise differentsite locations.Table 7.Dimensions and weight of the Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS.Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTSDimensions (HxWxD) [mm] 950 x 270 x 390Weight [kg] 45Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version18 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1Figure 5-1. Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS5.3.Capacity and ConfigurationsCapacity is optimised for main application areas. In Table 8 the supported capacityand configurations are listed.Table 8.Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS capacity and configurationsConfiguration NumberofcabinetsOutputpowerpercarrierMax. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.1Max. HWchannelcapacity /HW Rel.21 carrier omni 1 5 W 64 1282 carrier omni (Rel. 2) 1 2 W - 128Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 19 (39)6.UNITS AND UNIT DESCRIPTIONSATMswitchTrsinterfaceIubSync&clocksBasicControlFunct.TRXTrans-ceiverPoweramp.AntennacouplingPowerSupplyExt. alarms &controlsLocal MgmtToolTransmissionTRXPoweramp.AntennacouplingChannelunitpoolWTR WPA WAFWPSWSP WAMWSM/WCIAXUIFUSum&muxWSMExternalalarmsWEAFigure 6-1.General architecture of Nokia WCDMA BTSCommon plug-in units are used in Nokia WCDMA BTSs. Exceptions are poweramplifier and power supply unit for Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS and triple-mode UltraSite EDGE BTS with WCDMA functionality.6.1.RF UnitsWCDMA Transmitter and Receiver unitWCDMA Transmitter and Receiver unit (WTR) consists of a transmitter and tworeceivers. On the transmit side WTR receives digital data from Signal Processingunit (WSP) via Summing and Multiplexing unit (WSM) and performs modulationand up conversion of the carrier which is amplified by Power Amplifier (WPA). Onthe receive side, WTR performs channel selection and down conversion forselected carrier. Received signal is digitized and connected to WSP via WSM.In Release 2 two WTRs (two transmitters and four receivers) will be integrated intosame plug-in unit, a dual WTR.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version20 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1Power Amplifier unitPower Amplifier (WPA) is a multicarrier amplifier with an operating bandwidth ofany 20 MHz section on whole 60 MHz WCDMA allocation. WPA distributes inputsignals from WTRs and sums output signals when two amplifiers are used inparallel to one sector.There are two different power amplifier units available for Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTSs, 20W and 40W version.Input CombinerInput Combiner (WIC) unit connects output signals from WTR unit to WPA inputs.Output CombinerOutput Combiner (WOC) connects output signals from WPAs to one AntennaFilter unit (WAF).Antenna FilterAntenna Filter (WAF) combines and isolates TX/RX signals and amplifies receivedsignals. WAF contains receiver multicoupler with 4 outputs for main branch and 4outputs for diversity branch. WAF is capable of feeding operating power for twoMasthead Amplifiers (MHA).6.2.Baseband UnitsSumming and Multiplexing UnitSumming and Multiplexing unit (WSM) sums TX signals from Signal Processingunits (WSP) per antenna, or other WSMs to its own TX signal, and routes and sumsTX data to WTRs. RX data is routed through same path, but without summing.Signal Processing unitSignal Processing unit (WSP) performs RX and TX code channel processing,coding, and decoding functions. Summing of TX code channels is performed forcode channels processed in WSP. Each WSP can process up to 32 code channels inRelease 1 and 64 code channels in Release 2.Application Manager unitApplication Manager (WAM) performs O&M functions and carrier control. OneWAM is master controller for the BTS and performs common O&M functions,Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 21 (39)such as operational software local storing and distributing, configurationmanagement, alarm collection and handling.6.3.Transmission unitsTransmission Interface UnitTransmission Interface Unit (IFU) connects the BTS to transmission network or toco-sited GSM/EDGE BTS. IFUs, which internally interface to ATM CrossConnection unit, are available for Nokia microwave radios, optical fiber, and wireline transmission.ATM Cross Connection UnitATM Cross Connection Unit (AXU) is the connecting element between WAM andIFUs. AXU can handle ATM cross-connections at a transmission network level.6.4.Common UnitsSystem Clock unitSystem Clock (WSC) performs synchronization functions and reference clockgeneration to the WCDMA BTS. It is possible to have two WSC units in one BTS -the second WSC being redundant unit.Clock Interface unitClock Interface unit (WCI) has selection logic for clock signals and acts as a buffertowards rest of the system. WCI also provides mechanical support for WSCs.Power Supply unitPower Supply (WPS) provides operating voltages for units of the BTS.External Alarm unitExternal Alarm unit (WEA) provides interfaces for user-definable alarm andcontrol signals.FanFan units are used to cool Nokia WCDMA BTS cabinets.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version22 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.17.OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE7.1.Local Management ToolIn Local Management Tool (LMT) the BTS and the Transmission managementtools are integrated so that the physical interface (i.e. cable and connectors) aresame but there are two different applications running on the PC. In the LMT toolthere is all the required software to configure the Nokia WCDMA BTS. The LMTis Windows application.The management SW PC is connected to the Nokia WCDMA BTS by means of aRS232 cable or by an Ethernet connection.Figure 7-1. BTS can be controlled locally by using a PC with LMT software7.2.External Alarms and ControlsThe Nokia WCDMA BTS inputs and outputs can be configured and tested locallyon the base station site with the LMT. In normal operation, the BTS external alarminputs and control outputs are managed from the Nokia NetActTM (NetworkNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 23 (39)Management System) after they have been configured according to the operator'sneeds. There are total 24 user-definable external inputs and 6 user-controllableoutputs available. These can be freely configured to support different observationor control needs at the base station site.7.3.Upgrading SWNokia WCDMA BTSs can store two SW packages in BTS memory.BTSs keepcurrent and old SW package in BTS flash memory. In case of, for example, a poweroutage, the current SW package will be brought into use in a few seconds from theBTS flash memory. New downloading will take place from the NMS if thesoftware is upgraded to a new version (or doing the integration phase when taking anew Base Station into service).Only downloadable SW is used in the BTS. This means that all the software can bedownloaded and updated locally with the LMT, or remotely from the RadioNetwork Controller (RNC) or the Nokia NetAct (via RNC). The remote SWdownloading procedure is centralised which means that several Nokia WCDMABTSs can be upgraded with a new SW package at the same time or one by one, aspreferred by the operator. Local SW downloading is typically done only whenNetAct connection is missing i.e. during the commissioning.Downloading of the new SW package can be done as a background operationwithout interrupting the BTS operation. After the SW package is downloaded it canbe activated at any time suitable for the operator.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version24 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.18.TRANSMISSION8.1.IntroductionThe transport between RNC and BTSs (Iub interface) is based on ATM. A solution,which allows the utilisation of the existing PDH or SDH based transmissionnetworks, has been chosen. The WCDMA ATM Iub traffic can be transported overthe existing transmission network by using inverse multiplexing (IMA). Thereforethere is no immediate reason to change or modify the existing access network,except for the needed capacity upgrades due to increased traffic. Some networktopology changes may be required. The RAN (BTS-RNC) transmission can bebased on star, chain, tree and loop topologies.The physical transmission links can be shared between the WCDMA generatedtraffic and the second generation mobile traffic and fixed traffic.Each Nokia WCDMA BTS has internal ATM cross-connect node. Through theinterfaces available for this ATM switch, the Nokia WCDMA BTS can beconnected to the available PDH and SDH transmission networks. A wide range ofNokia transmission media can be easily connected or even fully integrated intoNokia WCDMA BTSs.8.2.Transmission InterfacesA variety of transmission interfaces will be available to connect the NokiaWCDMA BTSs to the existing transmission networks. Nokia UltraSite WCDMABTS Optima and Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Optima Compact have 3Transmission Interface unit (IFU) slots and Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSSupreme has 5 IFU slots. In the Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS there is place forone IFU.The following transmission interfaces will be provided:8*E1/JT1 with IMA (JT1 = Japanese 1.5 Mbit/s PDH)4*JT2 with IMA (JT2 = Japanese 6.4 Mbit/s PDH)3*STM-1 (VC-4)3*STM-0 (VC-3) (Japan)3 * Nokia Flexbus with Inverse Multiplexed ATM (IMA) connection toNokia Microwave equipmentNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 25 (39)Taking the number of interfaces per plug-in unit into account, the maximumconfiguration could be three interface plug-in units in one Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS Optima cabinet. I.e. there could be 3 x 8 x E1 = 24 E1 connectionsavailable in one cabinet for example. If entirely used for SDH connections, therecould be total 9 STM-1 connections. In the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSSupreme there is place for five IFUs e.g. 5 x 8 x E1 = 40 E1 connections or e.g. 5 x3 x STM-1 = 15 STM-1 connections. However switching capacity in the AXC islimited to 1.2 Gbits/s. This sets the maximum of ATM cells that can be handled.It is possible to use fractional E1's to add full and/or partial E1's filled withWCDMA traffic to the existing GSM traffic without disturbing existing GSMtraffic. Circuit emulation can be used to add the GSM traffic to the WCDMA(ATM) traffic.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version26 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.19.RADIO INTERFACEThe WCDMA system is specified to operate within the following frequency band.RX Frequencies: 1920-1980 MHzTX Frequencies: 2110-2170 MHzWith the 190 MHz duplex separation, Nokia WCDMA BTSs support the wholefrequency band fully with its all configurations.9.1.RX PerformanceThe Nokia WCDMA BTS receiver sensitivity is at least -129 dBm in staticchannel with the following conditions:0.1% BER for 8 kbit/s codec (30 ksps for data + 15 ksps for control)Average White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel type2-way receive diversity with non-correlated signals fed to antennaconnectors.9.2.Transmitting PowerOutput power values in different configurations of Nokia WCDMA BTSs aredescribed in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 6 and Table 8.9.3.Capacity and configurationsNokia WCDMA BTS capacities are optimised for main application areas. In Table2, Table 3, Table 4, Table 6 and Table 8 the capacities and supported configurationsare listed.9.4.Handovers in WCDMAThe WCDMA system inherently enables the use of several types of diversity. Usinga single carrier frequency within the network allows soft handovers between BTSsand softer handovers between sectors of same BTS. Nokia WCDMA BTSs supportboth types of handovers. The soft handover case can be considered to be macrodiversity, while the softer handover case can utilise other types of diversity, such asantenna diversity with utilisation of several receiver antennas, and multipathNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 27 (39)diversity. To receive gain from multipath diversity, the receiver must detect thedifferent delays of the multipath components. This is possible, because of the highbandwidth of the received signal.The soft and softer handovers are illustrated in Figure 9-1. User A is utilising softhandover. In soft handover region the mobile unit located to the edge of cellcommunicates simultaneously with two BTSs. In the downlink, the mobile receivessignal from both BTSs and performance gain is result from TX antenna andmultipath diversity. In uplink, the signal from mobile is detected separately in bothBTSs and macro diversity gain is achieved by combining the results in the RNC.User B in Figure 9-1 is utilising softer handover. The downlink in softer handoveris similar to that of soft handover. In uplink, the signal is combined within one BTSand performance gain is result of spatial, antenna and multipath diversity. Extraantenna and multipath diversity gain can be achieved by combining multipathcomponents from all antennas in same RAKE receiver. Softer handover combiningcan be utilised in six sectors.BS BSRNCABSector1Sector2Figure 9-1. Soft and softer handovers to provide diversity gain in RNC andBTS level correspondingly.Antenna and multipath diversity are forms of diversity utilised in RAKE receiver.RAKE chose selected number of multipath components for allocation fromantennas. All allocated components are despread and demodulated independently.Resulting demodulated symbols from each branch are combined using maximalratio combining. Each symbol represents the collected energy with different delayfrom any of the antennas and gives both antenna and multipath diversity gain.2-way RX diversity is a standard feature. 4-way RX diversity is part of optionalNokia Smart Radio Concept (SRC).Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version28 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.110.CONNECTIONS10.1.Power SupplyThe Nokia WCDMA BTSs can be operated using the following nominal supplyvoltages And following input voltages can be connect to BTS cabinets:48V DC power (with positive or negative grounding)200240V AC powerIf the Nokia UltraSite Support cabinet is used together with Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS, then AC supply is connected into the Nokia UltraSite Supportcabinet.Power consumption figures for different Nokia WCDMA BTS configurations aregiven in Table 9, Table 10 and Table 11.Table 9. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS nominal power consumptionConfiguration OptimaIndoorOptimaOutdoorOptimaCompactOutdoorSupremeIndoorSupremeOutdoor1 carrier omni, 20W,64 HW channels820 W DC860 W AC1070 W DC1100 W AC1070 W DC1100 W AC910 W DC970 W AC1200 W DC1310 W AC1+1+1, 20W, 128HW channels1910 W DC1950 W AC2160 W DC2190 W AC2160 W DC2190 W AC2100 W DC2160 W AC2380 W DC2500 W AC1+1+1, 20W, 320HW channels2270 W DC2300 W AC2520 W DC2540 W AC2520 W DC2540 W AC2410 W DC2470 W AC2700 W DC2810 W AC1+1+1, 20W, 384HW channels2380 W DC2400 W AC2630 W DC2650 W AC2630 W DC2650 W AC2+2+2, 20W, 320HW channels4060 W DC4170 W AC3770 W DC3820 W AC4060 W DC4170 W AC2+2+2, 20W, 576HW channels4480 W DC4580 W AC4200 W DC4240 W AC4480 W DC4580 W ACNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 29 (39)Table 10. Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS nominal power consumptionConfiguration Without MicrowaveRadiosWith 3 Nokia MicrowaveRadios1 carrier omni, 5W 540 W DC600 W AC630 W DC690 W ACTable 11.Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS WCDMA subrack nominal powerconsumptionConfiguration Indoor Outdoor1+1+1 1600 W 1600 W ** Heat exchanger power consumption not included.10.2.InterfacesNOTEIn the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and triple-mode NokiaUltraSite EDGE BTS all connections are done through the topof the cabinet and in the Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS allconnections are done through the bottom of the cabinet.Iub - connection to RNCThe connector for the Iub is located on the front panel of the transmission unit.Transmission configurations are explained in chapter "Transmission Interface".BTS management portThere is a BTS Management Port connection for the element manager PC forcommissioning, operations, maintenance and testing of the BTS. Both RS232 typeserial connection and Ethernet connection RJ45 are possible.Antenna connectorsAntenna feeders are connected to BTS antenna connections. The maximum numberof antenna connections depends on cabinet type. Antenna connectors are of 7/16type in Nokia UltraSite BTSs and N-type in Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS. ForRX connections between the Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS cabinets there are alsoNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version30 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1RF connectors available to connect several cabinets together (to achieve highercapacity configurations).Q1 control bus for site support and radio linksThis interface carries initialisation and control data, and signalling from the BTScabinet to the site support cabinet and to the microwave radio equipment. It alsocarries alarms from the site support cabinet and the radio equipment to the BTS.The connector can be found on the front panel of the AXU unit and at the top of thesite support cabinet.Power FeedThe power supply for the BTS cabinet is connected to the power feed connectors.Voltages can be connected to the DC connectors or AC connectors.External Alarms and ControlsExternal alarms and control signals are used for collecting simple ON/OFF typeexternal alarms from any equipment external to the BTS, and for providingON/OFF type control signals for controlling any external devices. Nokia WCDMABTSs have 24 alarms and 6 controls.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 31 (39)11.SITE SOLUTIONS11.1.Masthead Amplifier (MHA)To extend the coverage capability an optional masthead amplifier is provided forNokia WCDMA BTSs. The MHA unit can be installed at the top of the antennamast. The purpose of the MHA is to compensate the loss of the received signal inantenna cables and to improve link budget. MHAs can be used with connectionswhere TX and RX are in the same antenna connection.1 sectorSupport BTSMHAsX-pol. antennasFigure 11-1. Using MHA with Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and NokiaUltraSite Support cabinetsNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version32 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.111.2. Nokia UltraSite SupportNokia is capable to provide complete BTS sites. These include transmission, powersystems, antenna systems and complementary systems like installation materials.Nokia UltraSite Support cabinet is developed to provide power system, batteryback-up and space for customer equipment. The space for customer equipment canbe utilised for external transmission equipment provided by Nokia or othersuppliers.There is Nokia UltraSite Support cabinet available for both indoor and outdoorinstallations. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS cabinet and Nokia UltraSite Supportcabinet fit together as a single entity with same physical appearance, Figure 11-2.Figure 11-2. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS Supreme Outdoor with NokiaUltraSite Support OutdoorAll connections between the cabinets are done under the cabinet roof. From theNokia NetAct point of view BS and Support cabinets can be treated as a single BTSsite. Nokia NetAct is capable of collecting alarms and doing necessary controlfunctions for the Nokia UltraSite Support cabinet as well as the BTS.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 33 (39)12. GSM CO-SITINGWhen utilising existing GSM/EDGE BTS sites the compatibility of the NokiaWCDMA BTS to the existing Nokia BTSs is a major issue. Nokia WCDMA BTSsare designed so that the installation of a Nokia WCDMA BTS to existing site is aseasily as possible.Support WCDMABTSGSM/WCDMA diplexerX-pol. antennasGSM/EDGEBTSGSM/WCDMA diplexerFigure 12-1. Combining Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS with Nokia UltraSiteEDGE BTS to same antenna feeder with diplexersMechanicsNokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS has similar floor space requirement ascorresponding Nokia GSM/EDGE BTS cabinets have. Same fixing pointscan be used.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version34 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.1Dimensions of cabinets are about the same as corresponding NokiaGSM/EDGE BTS.The appearance of Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS and Nokia UltraSiteEDGE BTS cabinets as well as Nokia MetroSite WCDMA BTS and NokiaMetroSite GSM BTS cabinets are similar.Power SystemWhen Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTSs are installed to existing Nokia GSM/EDGEBTS sites, similar connections and power supplies can be used.Existing alarm connections, like fire alarm, door alarm etc, can beconnected to the Nokia WCDMA BTS. Electrical specifications ofcustomer specific alarm input and control output are same.Common Nokia UltraSite Support cabinet can be used for both NokiaUltraSite WCDMA BTS and Nokia UltraSite EDGE BTS.AntennasTo minimise the work of adding WCDMA antennas to GSM BTS sites, existingantenna infrastructure can partly be reused.External diplexers can be used while adding WCDMA BTS to existingsites in case the additional loss can be tolerated in the antenna line. Lossesare dependent on the combination, for example in the GSM 900 /WCDMAcase typical loss is less than 0.5 dB. Nokia provides diplexers to all neededGSM/WCDMA combinations.Bias-T provides the feed power to MHA via antenna feeder.Commissioning, Integration and ManagementThe Local Management Tool, LMT, provides support for Nokia WCDMA and newgeneration Nokia GSM/EDGE solutions, i.e. the commissioning and integration ofBTS can be done with the same tools i.e. same PC. .TransmissionTransmission of existing BTS sites can be utilised while adding Nokia WCDMAequipment to the site. Only in cases where the existing transmission capacity is notsufficient additional transmission equipment must be added to the site.Nokia WCDMA BTSs can be connected to existing transmissionnetworks.Similar interfaces are used in Nokia WCDMA and GSM BTS systems.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 35 (39)Transmission capacity can be shared by using fractional E1's or circuitemulation.Figure 12-2. Nokia UltraSite WCDMA BTS co-sited with Nokia Talk familyBTSNokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version36 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.113.RELIABILITYNokia WCDMA BTSs are designed to meet the availability targets of the higheststandard. Simplicity and the speed of maintenance procedures are the prerequisitesfor the high availability of BTS. The maintenance is fast due modularity of theequipment, automatic fault detection procedures and elimination of the downtimeby using redundancy of the units.Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewDocument Number/Version 2000 Nokia Networks Oy PageB6I 067208AE/6.0.1 37 (39)14.ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSNokia WCDMA BTSs have been designed to meet operational requirements indifferent environments. Different models are available for indoor and outdoorusage. Outdoor usage means that the cabinet is exposed fully to the outside air andclimate. No additional protection against weather is required. The Table 12 lists theenvironmental specifications for the Nokia WCDMA BTS.Table 12. Environmental specifications and requirementsIndoor Cabinets Outdoor Cabinets & NokiaMetroSite WCDMA BTSTemperature Range [C] -5 - +50 -33 - +50Transportation ETSI 300 019-1-2, Class 2.2,climate conditions accordingto class 2.3ETSI 300 019-1-2, Class 2.2,climate conditions accordingto class 2.3Storage ETSI 300 019-1-1, Class1.3E, IEC class 1M4ETSI 300 019-1-1, Class1.3E, IEC class 1M4Operational ETSI 300 019-1-3, class 3.2 ETSI 300 019-1-4, class 4.1and IEC class 4M3Noise, night time (1+1+1 in+15 C)56 dB(A) 56 dB(A)Noise, day time (1+1+1 in+23 C)60 dB(A) 60 dB(A)Ingress Protection(According to Specification)IP20 IP55Safety (According toSpecification)IEC-950, UL1950 andEN6950IEC-950, UL1950 andEN6950Earthquake Requirements(According to Specification)ETSI 300 019, 1-3/1-4 ETSI 300 019, 2-3/2-4Nokia WCDMA BTS Family OverviewPage 2000 Nokia Networks Oy Document Number/Version38 (39) B6I 067208AE/6.0.114.1.EMC CompatibilityEMC compatibility of Nokia WCDMA BTSs is according to followingspecifications:89/336/EEC (1989): Council Directive on the approximation of the laws of theMember States relating to electromagnetic compatibility14.1.1.EMC EmissionEN500081-1 (1992): "Electromagnetic compatibility Generic emissionstandard. Part 1: Residential, commercial and light industry".EN55022 (1994): "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of information technology equipment".CISPRPublicationNo.16-1(1993):Specificationforradiodisturbanceandimmunity measuring apparatus and methods". (Note that this corresponds to theJapanese VCCI requirements).IEC61000-3-2:"Electromagneticcompatibility(EMC)-Part3:Limits-Section2:Limitsforharmoniccurrentemissions(equipmentinputcurrent=