udkjydia;% yd iudcshúohd msgh

ii

udkjYdia;% yd iudcShúoHd mSGh

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

Ydia;%fõ§ ^idudkH& ndysr Wmdê mdGud,dj

2020

úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYdj,sh

m<uq jir

2021$01 orK úYajúoHd, m%;smdok fldñIka iNd

pl%f,aLhg wkqj iïmdÈ;hs

ndysr Wmdê iy úia;dß; mdGud,d tallh

iii

ishü ysñlï weúßKs m%ldYk whs;sh - Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h Ydia;%fõ§ îdudkH& ndysr Wmdê mdGud,dj - m<uq jir úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYdj,sh - 2020

WmfoaYl;ajh

uydpd¾h mskakj, ix>iquk ysñ ^wOHCI-ndysr Wmdê yd úia;dß; mdGud,d tallh&

uydpd¾h tia'iS'î' ySkaflkao ^mSGdêm;s - udkjYdia;% yd iudcShúoHd mSGh&

uydpd¾h fla'tï' wef,laiekav¾ îudfhdacl - iudcShúoHd&

uydpd¾h .dñKS r;ak YS% îudfhdacl - udkjYdia;%&

wdpd¾h Ydka; úfcaisxy îNdm;s - udkjYdia;% yd iudcShúoHd wOHhk uKav,h&

ixialrKh

mQcH Y%djia;smqr Ydka;isß ysñ úY%dñl uydpd¾h wdßhmd, fmf¾rd

iïnkaëlrKh

fla'mS'jhs' ;=Idß u,aldka;s ^ksfhdacH f,aLldêldÍ & ta'ã'tia' iudoÍ îyldr f,aLldêldÍ &

ixialrK iydh

tï ta ã .hkd Túkaud msgljrh

hisre o is,ajd

iv

mgqk mgqk msgqj iv-v 1 m<uq jir i`oyd kshñ; wksjd¾h mdGud,d tall GENG 1005 - English in use I 02

GEIT 1001 - Introduction to Information and Commiunication Technology 06

SOFT 1001 - YS% ,dxflah iudch 08

2 fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh BCGE 1001 - Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfhys m%Njh yd mßydksh 12

BCGE 1002 - uQ,O¾u wOHhkh 15

3 fn!oaO o¾Ykh BPGE 1001- fn!oaO o¾Yk wOHhk m%fõYh 17

BPGE 1002 - wdos fn!oaO o¾Ykh 19

4 k¾;kh DAGE 1001 - foaYSh k¾;k b;sydih yd isoaOdka; 22

DAGE 1002 - foaYSh k¾;k m%dfhda.sl I ^Wvrg$my;rg$inr.uq& 25

5 kdgH yd rx. l,dj DRGE 1001 - kdgH m%fõYh yd f,dalfha merKs kdgH l,dj 27

DRGE 1002 - Y%S ,dxflah kdgH l,dj 29

6 ENGLISH

ELAN 1001 - Critical Reading & Writing 31

ELAN 1002 - Understanding English Grammar 34

7 yskaoS HNGE 1001 - uQ,sl yskaoS jHdlrK 38

HNGE 1002 - yskaoS idys;H b;sydih 41

8 ix.S;h MUGE 1001 - yskaÿia:dkS ix.S;h m%dfhda.sl I ^.dhkh& 44

MUGE 1002 - Ndr;Sh ix.S;h isoaOdka; yd b;sydih ^.dhkh$jdokh& 48

MUGE 1003 - yskaÿia:dkS ix.S;h m%dfhda.sl I ^jdokh& ^is;d¾$.sgd¾$jh,Ska$ngk,d$tiardÊ&

52

9 md,s PAGE 1001 - md,s NdId m%fõYh 56

PAGE 1002 - md,s idys;H m%fõYh

59

10 isxy, SIGE 1001 - isxy, idys;H m%fõYh 62

SIGE 1002 - isxy, NdId m%fõYh 66

11 ixialD; SAGE 1001 - ixialD; idys;Hh yd ;oSh b;sydih 70

SAGE 1002 - ixialD; jHdlrKh 74

v

12 ixialD;sl yd fi!kao¾h wOHhkh CUGE 1003 - ixialD;sl wOHhk m%fõYh 77

CUGE 1004 - fi!kao¾h wOHhk m%fõYh

79

13 udkj úoHdj ANGE 1001 - ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj yeòskaùu 81 ANGE 1002 - fN!;sl udkj úoHdj yeòskaùu

85

14 mqrdúoHdj ARGE 1001–bkaoshdfõ iy YS% ,xldfõ mqrdúoHd b;sydih 89 ARGE 1002 - iïNdjH Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s

93

15 ikaksfõokh yd udOH wOHhkh CMGE 1001 - ikaksfõok uQ,O¾u 97 CMGE 1002 - udOH wOHhkh yeòskaùu

99

16 wmrdO úoHdj CRGE 1001 - wmrdO úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am 101 CRGE 1002 - wmrdO hqla;s l%uh

104

17 wd¾Ól úoHdj ECGE 1001 - iQlaIu wd¾Ól úoHd uQ,O¾u 108

ECGE 1002 - id¾j wd¾Ól úoHd uQ,O¾u

110

18 N+f.da, úoHdj GEGE 1001 - N+f.da, úoHd Ñka;kh yd l%ufõoh 113 GEGE 1002 - fN!;sl yd udkj N+f.da, úoHdj

116

19 b;sydih HIGE 1001 - fmros. b;sydifha n,fõ. 119 HIGE 1002 - wmros. b;sydifha n,fõ.

123

20 cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d IRGE 1001 - cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d ms<snò yeòskaùula 127 IRGE 1002 - cd;Hka;r yd l,dmSh ixúOdk 129 21 o¾Ykh PHGE 1001 - ;¾l Ydia;%h yd úoHd;aul l%uh 132 PHGE 1002 - od¾Yksl .eg¨

135

22 foaYmd,k úoHdj POGE 1001 - foaYmd,k úoHdfõ uQ,sldx. 138 POGE 1002 - Y%S ,xld wdKavql%uh yd foaYmd,k fjkiaùï

141

23 ufkda úoHdj PSGE 1001 - idudkH ufkda úoHdj 144 PSGE 1002 - jHjydßl ufkda úoHdj

146

24 iudc ixLHdkh STGE 1001 - uQ,sl .Ks;h 148 STGE 1002 - uQ,sl ixLHdkh 152 25 iudc úoHdj SOGE 1001 - iudc úoHdfjs uQ,sl ixl,am 157 SOGE 1002 - iuld,Sk iudch yd iudc fjkiaùu 160

vi

Ydia;%fõoS ^idudkH& ndysr Wmdê mdGud,dfõ m<uq jir i`oyd kshñ;

wksjd¾h mdGud,d tall

jir mdGud,d fla;lh mdGud,d tallfha ku tall w.h

m<uq jir

GENG 1005 English in use I 3

GEIT 1001 Introduction to Information and

Commiunication Technology

3

SOFT 1001 YS% ,dxflah iudch 2

2

1 Code of the Course Unit GENG 1005

Compulsory 2 Title of the Course Unit English in Use I

3 Number of Credits 03

4 Year First Year 5 Introduction

A student who has completed an undergraduate degree at the Faculty of Humanities and Social

Sciences of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura will have acquired an advanced level of

education; subject specific knowledge, life skills and general aptitude and intellect -- that equip

him/her for employment, social responsibility, personal development and for lifetime

continuous learning.

6 Pre-requisites NONE

7 Course Objectives

This course intends to help the first-year external undergraduates to acquire basic skills in

the English language to enable them to understand and use the target language expressions

related to the areas of most immediate environment.

8 Learning Outcomes

On successful completion of this course unit, students will be able to

• listen and understand commonly used phrases and expressions in everyday

communication.

• describe their daily routine, people and places, ask simple questions to obtain essential

information and express their opinions on a familiar topic with adequate accuracy and

fluency.

• read and comprehend texts that they encounter commonly containing high frequency

vocabulary related to personal everyday communication.

• write simple descriptions on people and places with adequate accuracy and complexity.

• apply the acquired language skills in relation to personal and immediate day today

environment.

9 Contents Main Themes Sub Themes

1. Welcome to University

and External Degree

Program

Speaking – self introduction

Listening - listen to someone talking about the

Faculty (FHSS) (Online)

Reading – read and understand a short text on

the Faculty

Writing – Writing a short passage about the

university

Vocabulary – words related to university

Grammar Focus – there is / there are,

prepositions of place

3

2. Describing People Listening – listen to someone talking about a

person (Online)

Speaking – talk about you and your friend’s

family

Reading – read different descriptions of people

Writing – write about a family member

Vocabulary – words describing people

Grammar Focus – has / have, possessive and

attributive adjectives, be verbs

3. Visiting Places

Listening – listen to a talk by someone describing a

place (Online)

Reading – read instructions given on places

Speaking – ask for information and give information

Writing – writing a letter describing a place (e.g.

Sigiriya)

Vocabulary – Vocabulary on places

Grammar Focus – subject and object pronouns,

demonstrative determiners, why questions

4. How I spend my day Listening – listen to the daily routine of a lecturer

(Online)

Speaking – speak about one’s daily routine

Reading – read the daily routine of a lecturer

Writing – write about one’s daily routine

Vocabulary – words related to daily routine

Grammar Focus – present simple tense, adverbs of

frequency, prepositions of time

5. What is happening around us Listening – listen to a dialogue on two students

talking about what they are doing these days (Online)

Speaking – talk about what I am doing these days.

Reading – read about a current occasion and

understand the happenings/what people are doing

there.

Writing - write about a current happening

Vocabulary – -ING- form and spelling

Grammar Focus - Present continuous tense

6. My plans Listening – listen to someone talking about his future

plans (Online)

Reading – read and understand a text on future plans

4

Speaking – talk about future plans

Writing – write about future plans

Vocabulary – adverbs of time (today, yesterday/

later)

Grammar Focus – will, going to form

7. My achievements Listening – listen to a professor talking about his

achievements (Online)

Reading – read a story about a famous person

Speaking – talk about achievements in life

Writing – write about achievements in life

Vocabulary – adverbs of time

Grammar Focus – present perfect tense, frequency

adverbs: never, ever, yet, already

8. What happened? Listening – listen to a news item (Online)

Reading – read the news item on a newspaper

Speaking – talk about an incident that happened

Writing – write about the same incident

Vocabulary – sequence markers (Later/ after/

suddenly)

Grammar Focus – regular and irregular forms of

making past tense, simple past

9. What do you think?

Listening – listen to a conversation between two

friends giving opinions (Online)

Reading – Read a short essay and understand

how ideas and opinions are expressed

Speaking –express opinions on a given situation

Writing – write a short article to a newspaper

expressing opinions

Vocabulary – phrases to give opinions

Grammar Focus –adverbs of degree

(extremely/ absolutely/ completely)

10. How to do things Listening – Listen to a lecture on how to achieve

things in life (Online)

Reading – Read a short essay on how people do

things

Speaking – Talk about how you do things in your life

Writing – Write about how you worked hard to

achieve something in your life.

5

Vocabulary – adverbs; well/ hard/ accidently/

quickly

Grammar Focus – adverbs of manner

10 Delivery Methods No of hours: 45hrs

• Lectures (interactive sessions)

No. of hours: 150

• Self-learning

• Preparation for examination

• Carrying out practice activities

• Presentations

11 Assessment and evaluation

Summative Assessment: 100 marks

Three-hour final paper that tests basic grammar covered on the

course and high frequency vocabulary, basic reading skills

(read and understand the general meaning of commonly

encountered texts) and basic writing skills

12 Recommended Readings

1. Nagasundaram, P. (2018). Grammar for Communication. Colombo: Olanco Press.

2. Hashemi, L. and Murphy, R. (2012). English Grammar in Use. UK: Cambridge University

Press.

3. Carter, R. & McCarthy, M. (2002). Cambridge Grammar of English.UK: Cambridge

University Press.

6

1 Code of the Course Unit GEIT 1001

Compulsory 2 Title of the Course Unit Introduction to Information &

Communication Technology


4 Year First year 5 Introduction

The course covers the fundamentals of computers such as types of computers, software, and

hardware as well as the Internet, Cloud storage and computer security. We will also discuss

about the health issues that arise due to improper use of computers and the best practices

that must be followed when using computers in the day-to-day life.

6 Pre-requisites NONE

7 Course Objectives

• Critically evaluate the information gathered regarding computers and relate them to

appropriate situations.

• Recognize professional, ethical, legal, security and social issues and responsibilities.

• Identify current techniques, skills, and tools necessary for computing practice in

order to solve specific problems and to improve interpersonal and managerial skills.

8 Learning Outcomes

• Discuss about computers, internet, and related services.

• Explain varieties of computers, computer hardware and computer software.

• Identify advanced uses of the internet.

• Describe computer security and computing health.

• Apply security methods and computing health best practices.

9 Contents

Main Themes Sub Themes

1. Computer Laboratory Best

Practices

a) What is a computer

b) How to handle computers properly

c) How to behave in a computer lab

2. Working with LMS -

3. Computers in general

a) Computer history

b) Computer types and components

c) Best practices

4. Introduction to computer

hardware

a) Detailed introduction of computer hardware

b) How each component work together

c) Details to focus when planning to buy a

computer

7

5. Introduction to internet

a) Introduction to the Internet

b) Connectivity management

c) Web Browsers and Search Engines

d) Components of Web Sites

6. Computer security

a) Introduction in computer security

b) Secure your data in your computer

c) Identify scams and protect yourself

7. Emails

a) Basics of Email Usage

b) Email Providers and Best Practices

8. Cloud Storage and Cloud

Based software

a) Introduction to Google Drive, One Drive,

Dropbox

b) Properly manage cloud services in efficiently

manage day to day tasks.

9. Computers and health a) Health issues associated with improper usage

b) How to overcome these issues

10 Mode of Delivery Interactive Lectures/Discussions

Multimedia and Interactive Activities

Self-practice Activities

Task-based learning

11 Assessment and evaluation

Continuous Assessment and Final Exam

Continuous Assessment: 20 Marks

Final Exam: 80 Marks

12 Recommended Readings

1. Davis, C. H., & Shaw, D. (2011). Introduction to Information Science and Technology.

American Society for Information Science and Technology.

2. Rajaraman, V. (2018). Introduction to information technology (3rd ed.).

3. Shaikh, I. R. (2013). Introduction to Educational Technology & ICT. McGraw Hill

Education (India) Private Limited.

8

01 mdGud,d fla;lh SOFT 1001

wksjd¾h 02 mdGud,d tallfha ku Y%S ,dxflah iudch 03 tall w.h 02 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

Y%S ,xldj jir fooyia mkaishhlg wêl uQ,dY%hd.; b;sydihlg Wreulï we;s foaYhls' fn!oaO o¾Ykfha wdf,dalfhka m%Ndu;a jQ ixialD;sh jejhs" od.enhs" .uhs" mkai,hs ixl,amfhka fmdaIKh jQ nj ft;sydisl i;Hhls' tneúka fn!oaO ixialD;sh yd m%d:ñl ck ixialD;sfha iqixfhda.fhka Wmka ixialD;sldx. fndfyduhla Y%S ,dxflah ixialD;sh ;=< mej;sKss' j¾;udkh jkúg Y%S ,dxflah iudch úúO WmixialD;Skays ixl,khla o fjhs' tfyhska wd.ñl iyðjkh iy cd;sl ixys|shdj Wfoid Y%S ,dxflah iudch iy ixialD;sh ms<ssn`o y`ÿkd.ekSu;a ta ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla meje;Su;a b;d jeo.;a fjhs'

06 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ke; 07 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaËs; wruqKq

• Y%S ,dxflah iudch yd ixialD;sh y`ÿkd.ekSu

• Y%S ,xld iudcfha ft;sydisl úldYh y`ÿkd.ekSu

• wd.ñl" foaYmd,ksl yd idudðl wkkH;dj jgyd.ekSu

08 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfuka wfmaCIs; M,h fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska;

• Y%S ,dxflah iudch yd ixialD;sh y`ÿkd.kS'

• Y%S ,xld iudcfha ft;sydisl úldYh y`ÿkd.kS'

• wd.ñl" foaYmd,ksl yd idudðl wkkH;dj jgyd.kS'

09 mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h m%Odk ud;Dld fiiq ud;Dld

1 ixialD;sh • ixialD;sh w¾:l:kh lsÍu

• ixialD;sh yd iudch w;r wka;¾ iïnkaOh

y`ÿkd.ekSu

2 m%d.a fn!oaO Y%S ,dxflah

ixialD;sh

• m%d.a fn!oaO Y%S ,dxflah wd.ñl miq;,h

wOHhkh

• m%d.a fn!oaO Y%S ,dxflah ixialD;sl yd idudðl

miqìu

3 uyskaod.ukfhka miq ,xld

iudch

• uyskaod.ukh yd tys iudc n,mEu

• uyskaod.ukfhka ,xld iudcfha isÿ jQ

fjkialï

4 Y%S ,xld ixialD;sfha wkkH;d

,CIK

• f,dal iudc ixialD;sl miqìu

• Y%S ,dxflah ixialD;sfha wkkH;dj

5 Y%S ,xld iudcfha foaYmd,k

md,k ixia:dj

• Y%S ,xld foaYmd,kh

• ,xld foaYmd,khg nqÿoyfï n,mEu

• md¾,sfïka;= l%uh

9

6 ,xld iudcfha pdrs;% yd jdrs;% • pdß;% yd jdß;% ye`Èkaùu

• ,xld pdß;%-jdß;%hkays iudc jákdlu

7 Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ñl iyðjkh • Y%S ,xldfõ wd.ï

• wd.ñl iyÔjkh

8 Y%S ,dxflah l,d Ys,am yd

fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh

• Y%S ,xldfõ fi!kao¾h yd l,dYs,am

• fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh

9 idrO¾u yd m%;sudk • idrO¾u yd m%;sudk

• idrO¾u yd m%;sudkhkays iudc jákdlu

10 Y%S ,dxflah iudch yd

idïm%odhsl wNspdr

• idïm%odhsl Ydka;sl¾u

• wNspdrhkays iudc wjYH;dj

11 Y%S ,dxflah kS;sh yd iodpdrh • kS;sh yd iodpdrh

• iodpdr ixj¾Okhg kS;sfha Wmfhda.S;dj

12 Y%S ,dxflah wOHdmkh

ixia:dj

• Y%S ,dxflah wOHdmkfha ixia:fõ miqìu

• Y%S ,dxflah iïNdjH wOHdmkfha jákdlu

13 újdyh yd mjq,a ixia:dj • újdyh yd mjq,

• Y%S ,dxflah iudc ixialD;sh ;=< újdyh yd

mjq,

14 hg;aúð;jdoh yd Y%S ,dxlsl

iudch

• hg;aúð;jdoh ye`Èkaùu

• mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais yd bx.%Sis hg;aúð;jdoh Y%S

,dxflah ckiudchg n,mEu

15 Y%S ,dxflah wd¾Ól ixia:dj • hg;a úð; iufha isg kQ;kh olajdu wd¾Ól

ixia:dfõ fjkiaùï

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajk wdldrh kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 20]la ysñfõ'

ksnkaOk" uOHjdr mÍCIKh" lKavdhï fyda

flaj, jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u lsysmhla

u.ska we.hSu isÿ flf¾'

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ'

meh ;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= jrKSh

rpkd m%Yak m;%hla ,efí'

10

12 ksssarfoaYs; .%ka:

1. wkqrdO fifkúr;ak" 2003" ,laosj nqÿ iiqk yd isxy, ixialD;sh" tia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda fld<U 10'

2. B'ví,sõ' wosldrï" 1963" merKs ,laÈj fn!oaO b;sydih" fla'Ô' chj¾Ok iy

iud.u'

3. j,afmd< rdyq, ysñ" 1999" ,laÈj nqÿ iufha b;sydih" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda fld<U 10'

4. ksjkaou Y%S O¾ulS¾;s ysñ" 2002" Ydiksl b;sydih" fn!oaO ixialD;sl

uOHia:dkh'

5. .=Kmd, O¾uisß" 1996" fn!oaO iodpdrfha uQ,O¾u" fn!oaO ixialD;sl

uOHia:dkh'

6. weia'î' fyÜáwdrÉÑ" 2008" ,xldfõ iudc yd ixialD;sl b;sydih" l¾;D

m%ldYk'

7. wdkkao fla' l=udriajdñ" 1912" uOHld,Sk isxy, l,d" ixialD;sl

fomd¾;fïka;=j'

8. md,sld iuka;s" 2007" iQkshï lemSfï Ydka;s l¾uh yd ixialD;sh" l¾;D

m%ldYk'

9. chfiak fldaÜgf.dv" 1995" my;rg Ydka;s l¾u idys;Hh" l¾;D m%ldYk'

10. fla' ã' mS' úl%uisxy" 1976" wfma ixialD;sl Wreuh" bkaÈl uqøKd,h" fld<U 10

11. tÉ'tï' fudrgqj.u ^ixia(&" 2006" Y%S ,xldfõ ixialD;sl Wreuh" tia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U 10" ixfYdaê; uqøKh'

12. úu,a fyajdudkf.a" 2006" fn!oaO mQcd pdß;% yd idys;Hh" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U 10'

13. isâks isßj¾Ok" 2006" iudc idrO¾u" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U10'

14. noafoa.u úu,jxY ysñ" 2000" wfma ixialD;sh" iuhj¾Ok fmd;ay," urodk"

fld<U 10" fojk uqøKh'

15. wNhr;ak wÈldÍ" 1993" Y%S ,xldfõ iïNdjH wOHdmkh yd uy i`.k" Y%SOr

m%ldYk" rdc.sßh'

16. tia' chisxy" 1989" l<ukdlrKfha ye`oskaùu" f,alayjqia uqøKd,h'

17. uhqr iurfldaka" 2009" iudc ixia:d" l¾;D m%ldYk'

English Books

1. Nanayakkara Gunapala, 1988, Culture and Management in Sri Lanka, IPM,

Colombo.

2. De Silva K. M., 1981, A History of Sri Lanka, Vijithayapa Publishers, Colombo.

3. S. Lakshman Perera, 2005, The Institutions of Ancient Ceylon from Inscriptions:

from 831 – 1061 AD Economic and Religious Institutions, International Center

for Ethnic Studies, Kandy.

11

4. AD, De Barros,1993, The History of Ceylon: from the earliest times to 1600

Joao Docouto, Navarang, New Delhi.

5. Disanayake J.B., 1998, Understanding the Sinhalese, Godage & Brothers,

Colombo.

6. Ariyapala, M.B., 1950, Society in Mediaeval Ceylon, Dept. of Cultural Affairs,

Colombo.

7. Wickramasinghe Nira, 2006, Sri Lanka in the Modern Age, Vijithayapa

Publishers, Colombo.

8. Perera, S., 1971, Art of the Ancient Sinhalese, Lake House Investment,

Colombo.

12

01 mdGud,d fla;lh BCGE 1001

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfhys m%Njh yd mßydksh

03 tall w.h 04

04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir

05 ye|skaùu

fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh úIhh yodrk isiqka Ndr;Sh nqÿoyfï iudrïNh yd thg n,mE

iudcd.ñl miqìu fukau Ndr;h ;=< nqÿoyu l%shd;aul jQ wdldrh ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla

,nd.;hq;= fyhska m%:u j¾Ifha isiqka i|yd fuu úIhh tallh b.ekaùu

06 mdGud,dj tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ke;

07 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaËs; wruqKq

• Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfhys m%Njh yd mßydksh ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd oSu

• kj ixialD;Ska ìysùfï oS wkq.ukh l< l%shd ud¾. y`ÿkajdoSu

• iyfhda.h ,ndoSu iy iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍfï jeo.;alu wjfndaO lsÍu


• fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfha m%Njhg fya;= jQ idudÔh jgmsgdj ms<sn|j mqM,a wjfndaOhla

,nd.kS¡

• ksjerÈj hula wjfndaO lr.ekSug iy ksjerÈj lghq;= lsÍug yelshdj ,efí¡

• Ydiksl iuDoaêh we;s lsÍug l%shd lrhs¡

• ffoksl Ôú;h id¾:l lr .kS¡

09

mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h m%Odk ud;Dld fiiq ud;Dld

1 nqÿoyug miqìï jQ ffjÈl ixialD;sh

• ffjÈl idys;H ye`Èkaùu

• ffjÈl ixialD;sh

2 nqÿoyug miqìï jQ m%;sffjosl ixialD;sh

• Y%uK iïm%odh i;= ,CIK

• Y%uK .=rel=,

3 IÜ Ydia;D o¾Yk • IÜ Ydia;Dkaf.a o¾Yk y`ÿkd.ekSu

4 nqÿoyug miqìï jQ Ndr;Sh

idudcsl ;;a;ajh

• l=,h mokï fldg.;a iudc jHqyh

5

nqÿoyug miqìï jQ Ndr;Sh

foaYmd,k jHqyh

• uydrdcH

• rdcdKavq md,k l%uh

• iuQydKavq md,k l%uh

6 nqÿoyug miqìï jQ Ndr;Sh

wd¾Ól miqìu

• l%s' mQ 6 jk ishjfia Ndr;Sh wd¾Ól miqìu

• nqÿiufha Wodj flfrys isgqjrekaf.a n,mEu

7 nqÿiiqfka Wodj

• Oïuplalmj;a;k iQ;% foaYkdj yd Ydiksl

Wodj

8 Ndr;Sh nqÿiufha úldYh • nqÿkajykafiaf.a fm!reI;ajh

13

• NslaIQka jykafia,df.a odhl;ajh

• NslaIQKSka jykafia,df.a odhl;ajh

• Wmdil - Wmdisldjkaf.ka ,o odhl;ajh

9 m<uq O¾u ix.dhkdj • ix.dhkdfõ miqìu

• ix.dhkdj ms<sn`o úpdrl u;

• m%;sM,

10 fojk O¾u ix.dhkdj • ix.dhkdfõ miqìu


• m%;sM,

11 f;jk O¾u ix.dhkdj • ix.dhkdfõ miqìu


• m%;sM,

12 Ndr;Sh fn!oaO úYajúoHd, • kd,kaod wd§ Ndr;Sh fn!oaO úYajúoHd,hkays

wOHhk yd mßmd,k jHqyh

13 wfYdal rcq nqÿoyfï

jHdma;shg isÿ l, fiajdj

• wfYdalf.a fn!oaOlu

• Ydiksl fiajd

14 lKsIal" y¾Ij¾Ok wd§

rcjreka nqÿoyfï jHdma;shg

isÿ l, fiajdj

• lKsIal rcqf.a Ydiksl fiajd

• y¾Ij¾Ok rcqf.a Ydiksl fiajd

15 Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfha

mßydksh

• Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfha mßydkshg n,mE

wNHka;r idOl

• Ndr;Sh fn!oaO YsIagdpdrfha mßydkshg n,mE

ndysr idOl

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï mejreï" iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍCIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. uydjxYh" 2003" foysj," fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh'

2. §mjxYh" 1997" tia' fld<U" f.dvf.a fmd;a m%ldYlfhda'

3. .=Kj¾Ok" koSId I¾u,S" 2010" YS% ,xldfjys jxYl:d" fld<U" tia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda'

4. iqrùr" ta' ù'" 1959" wkqrdOmqr ixialD;sh" uyr.u" iuka; m%skag¾ia'

5. fikúr;ak" wkqrdO" 1998" fmf<dkakrej uOHld,Sk ,laÈj w.k.rh"

fld<U' tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

14

6. fikúr;ak" wkqrdO" 2002" mqrdK wkqrdOmqrh" fld<U" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda'

7. niakdhl" tÉ' à'" 2005" Y%S ,xldfõ YsIagdpdrh" fld<U" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda'

8. rdyq, ysñ" j,afmd<" 2009" ,laÈj nqÿiufha b;sydih" je,a,ïmsáh" p;=r

uqøKd,h'

9. idikr;k ia:úr" fudrgqfõ" 1999" ,laÈj uydhdk woyia" fndr,eia.uqj"

úisÿkq m%ldYlfhda'

10. hiiais ysñ mkyvqfõ" ^2010&" ksoyia Ñka;kh yd ùuxikh" l¾;D m%ldYk"

foysj,'

11. hiiais ysñ mkyvqfõ wd§yq" ^2013&" wdishdfõ fn!oaO ixialD;sh" l¾;D m%ldYk'

15

01 mdGud,d fla;lh BCGE 1002

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku uQ,O¾u wOHhkh

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye|skaùu

nqÿoyfï b.ekafjk uQ,sl ixl,am ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,ndoSu ;=<ska tajd mqoa., iudc.; meje;aug odhl lr .ekSfï jeo.;alu fmkajd oSu



• wd.fï ld¾hNdrh yd iudc Wmfhda.S;dj ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu

• fn!oaO idrO¾u wkq.ukh i|yd u.fmkaùu¡


• wkHd.ï iy wkH iudc ixia:d flfrys iykYS,s;ajfhka lghq;= lrhs

• mßir ys;ldó iy udkj ys;jdoS;ajfhka lghq;= lrhs

• ksjerÈ ;SrK ,nd.kS

• f,!lsl Ôú;h fn!oaOd.ñl ixl,amj,g wkqj yev.iajd .kS

09

mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h

m%Odk ud;Dld fiiq ud;Dld

1. wd.u yd YsIagdpdrh

ms<snò iudc udkj

úoHdkql+, újrKh

• wd.fuys iudrïNh ms<snòj udkj úoHdkql+,

újrKh

• YsIagdpdrh ms<snòj iudc úoHd{hkaf.a u;jdo

2. wd.fuys iudc

ld¾hNdrh

• wd.fuys wd.ñl ld¾hNdrh

• wd.fuys iudc ld¾hNdrh

3. wd.u iy wNspdr • wNspdr hkq l=ulao

• nqÿoyu yd wNspdr

4. idrO¾u yd m%;sudk

• idrO¾u yeòskaùu

• fn!oaO idrO¾u yd iudc cSú;h

• m%;sudk hkq l=ulao@

• idrO¾u yd m%;sudk w;r mj;akd inò;dj

5. úpdrmQ¾jl wdl,amh

• nqÿoyfuys b.ekafjk úpdrmQ¾jl wdl,amh iQ;% O¾u

weiqßka

• wkHd.ïj, úpdrmQ¾jl wdl,amh

6. úYaj ffu;%Sh • nqÿoyfï b.ekafjk ffu;%S ixl,amh

• iduh yd iu.sh f.dvke.Su iòyd ffu;%S

ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;dj

16

7. ixjrh yd ixj¾Okh • nqÿoyu ixjrh w.h lr we;s whqre

• ixjrh ixj¾Okhg wod< jk whqre

8. w,afmaÉP;dj

• w,afmaÉP;dj hkq l=ulao @

• nqÿoyu w,afmaÉP;dj w.h lrkafka wehs @

9. pdï nj −

10. fi!kao¾h we.hSu

• fi!kao¾h hkq l=ulao @

• nqÿoyu yd fi!kao¾h ridiajdoh

11. wkqfhdackYS,h iy

iykYS,h

• wkqfhdackYS,h hkq l=ulao @

• iykYS,h hkq l=ulao @


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï mejreï" iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK

,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ukqr;ak" tï' ta'" 2008 wd.u o¾Ykh yd iodpdrh" l¾;D m%ldYkh" mdkÿr

2. ùruka" frcS" 2002" nqÿiufha i¾jld,Sk w.h" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkfha

m%ldYkh" foysj,'

3. .uf.a" tia' whs' 2003" fn!oaO iudc o¾Ykh fn!oaO b;sydih iy fn!oaO

ixialD;sh" wdßh m%ldYlfhda" jrldfmd<'

4. O¾uisß" .=Kmd," 1966" fn!oaO iodpdrfha uQ,O¾u" fn!oaO ixialD;sl

uOHia:dkfha m%ldYkhls" foysj,'

5. lreKdr;ak" ví,sõ' weia'" 2011" fn!oaO o¾Ykh iy prKh" f.dvf.a fmd;a

m%ldYlfhda'

6. isxy, úYajfldaIh —wd˜ ldKavh

17

01 mdGud,d fla;lh BPGE 1001 02 mdGud,d tallfha ku fn!oaO o¾Ykh wOHhk m%fõYh 03 tall w.h 04 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

fn!oaO o¾Ykhg miqìï jQ iuld,Sk Ndr;Sh Ñka;khka ms<snò uQ,sl wjfndaOh

wjYHh' tfyhska fuu úIh ks¾foaYfhka úúO wd.ñl yd od¾Yksl m%jK;djka ms<snò

wOHhkh flf¾'



• m%d.a fn!oaO yd nqoaOld,Sk wd.ñl-od¾Yksl Ñka;djka ms<snò wjfndaOh ,nd §u'

• nqoaOld,Sk od¾Yksl Ñka;djka nqÿoyñka fjkajk whqre jgyd §u'

08 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfuka wfmaCIs; M,h

fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska;

• Ndr;Sh wd.ñl yd od¾Yksl Ñka;djkaf.a uQ,sl iajNdjh wjfndaO lr.kshs'

• ta ta Ñka;khkays wkkH;dj y`ÿkd .kshs'

09 mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h


1. o¾Yk wOHhk m%fõY - I • o¾Ykh hkq l=ulao@

• o¾Ykhg wh;a jHjydr

2. o¾Yk wOHhk m%fõY - II • o¾Ykfha úIhfËa;%h

• od¾Yksl l%ufõo

3. o¾Ykhg wh;a úIhOdrd - I • {dkúNd.h

• ;¾lh

• ufkdaúoHdj

4. o¾Ykhg wh;a úIhOdrd - II • fi!kao¾h

• wdpdr úoHdj

• wd.u

5. fmrÈ. o¾Ykh - I • fmrÈ. o¾Ykfha iajNdjh yd úIhfËa;%h

• fmrÈ. o¾Ykfha uQ,sl wkkH;d ,ËK

6. fmrÈ. o¾Ykh – II

^Ndr;Sh miqìu&

• wdÈ ffjÈl miqìu

7. Ndr;Sh o¾Ykh -- I • WmksIoa idys;H uQ,dY%h

• uQ,sl od¾Yksl m%jdy

8. Ndr;Sh o¾Ykh – I

^Ndr;Sh uQ,dY%h&

• n%yaucd, iQ;%h" idu[a[M, iQ;%h" iq;a; ksmd;h

wdÈh

• IÜ Ydia;Dka

18

9. wdÈ .%Sl o¾Ykh • ffuf,ishdkq od¾Ykslhska

• ú;Kavjd§ka

10. iïNdjH od¾Ykslhka • fidl%àia

• maf,afgd

• weßiafgdag,a

11. iïm%odhjdoh

• frfka fvldÜ

• iamsfkdaid

• ,hsíkSia

12 wkqN+;sjdoh • fcdaka f,dla

• fcda¾Ê n¾laf,a

• fâúâ yHqï

13 ldkaáhdkq o¾Ykh

• {dk úNd.Sh ixl,am

• wdpdr O¾óh m%ia;=;

• mdrfN!;sl u;jdo

14 fn!oaO Ñka;kh - I • iïNjh yd ixj¾Okh

• od¾Yksl iajNdjh

15 fn!oaO o¾Ykh • od¾Yksl jHjydr

• fn!oaO o¾Ykfha wkkH;dj

16 wd.u yd o¾Ykh • wd.u yd o¾Ykfha iajNdjh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh wLKav we.hsï iy ,sÅ; mÍCIK

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï mejreï" iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ;

mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. l,kaiQßh" ta' ã' mS'" 1989" od¾Yksl Ñka;k Odrd - nqÿoyu" wdßh m%ldYk" jrldfmd,'

2. l¿myk" ðkodi" 1963" Ndr;Sh o¾Yk b;sydih" rdcH NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U'

3. O¾uisß" .=Kmd," 1970" od¾Yksl m%Yak" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U'

4. fïOdkkao ysñ" foajdf,a.u" 1982" nqÿiuh yd od¾Yksl .eg¿" §mdks m%ldYk" kqf.af.dv'

5. n,foaj WmdOHdh" 2009" Ndr;Sh o¾Yk" ^mß& ysßmsáfha m[a[dls;a;s ysñ" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

19

01 mdGud,d fla;lh BPGE 1002 02 mdGud,d tallfha ku wdÈ fn!oaO o¾Ykh 03 tall w.h 04 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

uQ,sl nqÿoyu ms<snò wOHhkh lsÍu fn!oaO o¾Ykh yeoEÍfï m%Odk wjYH;djls' ta

iòyd wjYH uQ,sl fn!oaO od¾Yksl ixl,am fuu úIh ks¾foaYfhka y`ÿkajd fokq

,efí'



• md,s iQ;% O¾u wdY%fhka wdÈ nqÿoyfï flaJøSh b.ekaùï ms<snò mD:q, wjfndaOhla

,nd§u'

• uQ,sl fn!oaO od¾Yksl ixl,amhkays wkkH;dj wjfndaO lroSu'



• fn!oaO o¾Ykfha wkkH;d ,CIK wjfndaO lr.kshs'

• fn!oaO ixl,amhkays m%dfhda.sl yd iod;ksl w.h jgyd .kshs'

• uQ,sl fn!oaO ixl,am ms<snò ;=,kd;aulj wjfndaO lr .kshs'


1. wdÈ fn!oaO o¾Ykh y`ÿkajd

§u

• fn!oaO o¾Ykh ms<snò ks¾Kdhl y`ÿkd.ekSu

• wod< uQ,dY%h y`ÿkd .ekSu

2. wdÈ fn!oaO o¾Ykh iy

mYapd;ald,Sk fn!oaO

wdpd¾hjdo

• wdÈ fn!oaO Ñka;kh iy f:rjdoh" uydhdkh yd

Y+kH;djdoh

3. ;%s,CIK ixl,amh • wod< uQ,dY%h.; iQ;% y`ÿkd .ekSu

• ;%s,CIK ixl,amh újrKh lsÍu

4. m%;S;H iuqmamdoh • fya;=M, iïnkaOh ms<snò wkH iduhsl u;

• fya;=M, ixl,amh ú.%y lsÍu

• fn!oaO m%;S;H iuqmamdo foaYkdfõ iqúfYaI;d

5. p;=rd¾h i;Hh - 1 • ta ms<snò fjk;a Ndr;Sh o¾Ykd.; u;

• p;=rd¾h i;Hh foaYkdj wka;¾.; iQ;% iy

uQ,sl wruqKq

6. p;=rd¾h i;Hh - II ● ÿlaL i;Hh" iuqoh i;Hh" ksfrdaO i;Hh yd

fn!oaO ks¾jdK ud¾.h

7. p;=rd¾h i;Hh - III • ud¾. i;Hh yd ;%súO YsCIdj

• wd¾h wIagdx.sl ud¾.fhka m%;Shudk jk fn!oaO

od¾Yksl ia:djrh

20

• wß wg`.s u. tys m%dfhda.slFjh" i¾jld,Sk w.h

yd wkkH idOdrK ,CIK

• iudc .eg¿ ksrdlrKfhys,d fn!oaO ueÿï

ms<sfjf;a Wmfhda.S;dj

8. h:dN+;h ms<snò fn!oaO

újrKh

• wkH iduhsl u; úYaf,aIKh

• fn!oaO úpdrh

• h:dN+;h ms<snò fn!oaO úpdrh úYaf,aIKh

îalkaO" Od;=" wdh;kdÈ ú.%y&

• ixiaf,aIKh ^m%;S;H iuqmamdo kHdh" mÜGdk

l%uh&

9. fn!oaO oDIaá úpdrh • oDIaájdo ú.%yh ôajhjdo" foieg oDIaájdodÈh&

• ta ms<snò fn!oaO úpdrh

• tu.ska fy<sjk fn!oaO od¾Yksl ia:djrh y`ÿkd

.ekSu

10. l=i,dl=i, O¾u úksYaph • fjk;a iuhkays l=i,dl=i, O¾u úksYapfhys,d

Wmhqla; uQ,O¾u

• fn!oaO iodpdr ixl,amh yd tajdfha moku

• l¾uh ms<snò fn!oaO u;h

• l=i,dl=i, úksYapfhys,d Wmhqla; fn!oaO

ks¾Kdhl

11. i;a;sia fndaê mdCIsl O¾u - I • uQ,sl b.ekaùï

• fn!oaO Ñka;dfõ w.h tu.ska fy<slrk whqre

• i;r i;smÜGdkh újrKh lsÍu

12. i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O¾u - II • i;r iDoaêmdo" i;r iuH.a m%Odk yd mxfÉkaøsh

• mxp n, yd ima; fndÊ®x. O¾u"wß wg`.s u.

ms<snò ú.%yh

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk

wdldrh

foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd



mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßCIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^80&

21

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1 [dKiquk ysñ" fo,a¥fõ" 2006" wdÈ fn!oaO o¾Ykfha uQ,O¾u" f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

2 rdyq, ysñ" j,afmd," 2010" nqÿka jod< O¾uh" fn!oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj,'

3 .,auxf.dv" iqukmd," 2007" wdÈ fn!oaO o¾Ykh - uQ,O¾u ú.%yhla" iriaj;S

m%ldYk" Èjq,msáh'

4 fïOdkkao ysñ" foajdf,a.u" 2007" fn!oaO wOHhk m%fõYh" iriaj;S m%ldYk"

Èjq,msáh'

5 úfÊnKavdr" pkaÈu" fudrgqj.u" tï'" 1995" wdÈ fn!oaO Ñka;kh" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

22

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh DAGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku foaYSh k¾;k b;sydih yd isoaOdka;

3 tall w.h 04

4 j¾Ih m<uqjk jir

5 yeòskaùSu

YS% ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ m%Njh yd úldYh fuka u Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k

iïm%odhhka iy tu iïm%odhkag wh;a Ydka;sl¾u" k¾;k l,djg tlajQ kj wx. iy

foaYsh ;s;a ;d, l%u fuka u ck kegqï yd ck kdgl ms<snò mQ¾K wjfndaOhla ,nd fok

mdGud,djls'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKfhka iu;aùSu


• YS% ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ j¾Okh ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,nd oSu'

• Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhhka ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,nd oSu'

• Wvrg" my;rg" yd inr.uq m%foaYdY%s; hlaI" foaj yd .%y Ydka;sl¾uhkays wka;¾.;

wd.ñl" iudchSh yd ixialD;sl ,laIK ms<sn| oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu'



• 20jeks ishjfia YS% ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ j¾Okh ms<snò úia;r lrhs'

• Wvrg" my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhhka ms<snò ;=,kh lrhs'

• Wvrg" my;rg m%foaYdY%s; hlaI" foaj yd .%y Ydka;sl¾uhkays wka;¾.; wd.ñl"

iudchSh yd ixialD;sl ,laIK w.h lrhs'

• k¾;k l,djg tlajQ kj wx. ms<sn| f;dr;=re reia lrhs'

9 mdGud,dfõ wka;¾.;h


1. k¾;k l,dj ye`Èkaùu • k¾;kh hkq l=ula o@

• k¾;k l,dfõ wruqKq yd mrud¾:

2. foaYSh k¾;k l,dfjys

wdrïNh yd úldYh

• m%d.a ft;sydisl hq.fha isg 20 jk ishji wdrïNh olajd

3. 20 jeks ishjfia YS%

,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ

mqkreoh

• 20jeks ishjfia YS% ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ j¾Okh -

1900 isg

- .%ka:lrKh yd m¾fhaIK

- k¾;k wdh;k ìys úu

- .=re YsIH mrïmrd yd ks¾udK

- kj ks¾udK" k¾;k m%jK;d

- Ys,amSh odhl;ajh

- úfoaYSh wdNdih

23

4. YS% ,xldfõ k¾;k

iïm%odhka

• Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhhka ms<snò

uQ,sl ye`Èkaùu

• Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhkays wx.ydr"

ixp,k yd k¾;k ,laIK ms<snò wjfndaOh mdßNdIsl

mo

5. k¾;k l,djg tlajQ

kj wx.

• Wvrg jkakï

• jkakï - my;rg îsxÿ jkakï&

• inr.uq jkakï

• isxÿ .dhkd

• m%Yia;s yd ygka ldjH

6. foaYsh ;s;a ixfYdaOk

l%u

• mdrïmßl ;s;a l%u

• úkaikaÜ fidaumd, ;s;a ixfYdaOkh

• ví,sõ' î' ul=f,d¨j ;s;a ixfYdaOkh

• kj ;s;a ixfYdaOkh

7. m%ia;drlrKh • m%ia;drlrKh ms<snò uQ,sl isoaOdka; fnr mo yd .dhkd

úúO ;s;a rEmj,g wkqj m%ia;dr lsÍu

8. iïm%odh;%hg wh;a

m%Odk Ydka;s l¾u

ye`Èkaúu

• Wvrg" my;rg" yd inr.uq m%foaYdY%s; hlaI" foaj yd .%y

Ydka;sl¾uhkays wka;¾.; wd.ñl" iudchSh yd

ixialD;sl ,laIK ^k¾;k" jdok ,laIK yd kdgHuh

fm<md,s" m%dfoaYSh fjkialï& Ydka;sl¾uhkays iudc

ixialD;sl yd ufkda úoHd;aul miqìu

9. foaYSh fnr jdok l,dj • ft;sydisl miqìu

• ye`Èkaùu yd j¾.SlrKh

10. foaYSh ck kegqï yd ck

kdgl ye`Èkaúu

• ft;sydisl miqìu

• ye`Èkaùu yd j¾.SlrKh

11. k¾;k l,dfjys

jeo.;alu

• oekqu" wdl,am yd l=Y,;d j¾Okh iòyd foaYSh k¾;k

l,dfõ fufyhùu


wdldrh

foaYk lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh wLKav we.hSï yd wjidk mßCIKh

wLKav we.hSï mejreu fyda ksnkaOkh ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßCIKh wjidk mÍlaIK m%Yak m;%h ,l=Kq ^80&

24

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. wurisxy" chka;' 2007" ,xldfõ n,s Ydka;sl¾u" fld<U"weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda

2. wdßhr;ak" iqks,a" 1989" 2008' isxÿ úia;rh" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

3. lreKdr;ak" ä' tï' tÉ' 2001" Wvrg lvjr Ydka;sl¾uh" uyr.u" ;rxð ms%kag¾ia

4. l=,;s,l" iS' o tia' 1993" oy wg jkaku" fld<U" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j

5. fldaÜgf.dv" chfiak' 1995" my;rg Ydka;sl¾u idys;Hh" fndr,eia.uqj" fÊ' fla'

mí,sflaIka

6. Èidkdhl" uqÈhkafia' 1993" isxy, k¾;k l,dj" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy

iud.u

7. Èidkdhl" uqÈhkafia' 1998"fldfydU hlalxldßh yd iudch" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda

8. m%kdkaÿ" fla' weia' 2000" ikakshl=u fyj;a oy wg ikaksh" fld<U" ixialD;sl

fomd¾;fïka;=j

9. nKavdr" lreKdr;ak' 2000" Wvrg fnr jdok l,dj" fld<U" l¾;D m%ldYk

10. fnka;rf.a" ,hk,a' 2000" iskaÿ jkakï úu¾Ykh" fld<U 02" l¾;D m%ldYk

11. ul=f,d¨j" ví,sõ' î' 1962" fy< .S u." uyr.u" iuka m%ldYlfhda

12. uoaÿudf.a" .hdks oSmsld' 2002" inr.uq myka uvqj" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda

13. rdcmlaI" ffjoHj;S' 2004" ;+¾Hh jdok mqrdKh" fld<U" weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda

14. rdcmlaI" Y%shdks' 2000" inr.uq k¾;k l,dj" fld<U" rcfha uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j

15. úfþj¾Ok" ir;a' 1994" isxy, ;s;a ;d, l%uh" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy

iud.u

16. irÉpkaø" tÈßúr' 1968" isxy, .eñ kdglh" fld<U" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j

17. fiaoruka" fÊ' B' 1996" Wvrg ;d, Ydia;%h" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u

18. fidaumd," úkaikaÜ' 1958" ;d,{dkh" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u

19. fidaumd," úkaikaÜ 1958" oY ;d, ,laIK" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u

25

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh DAGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku foaYSh k¾;k m%dfhda.sl I ^Wvrg$my;rg&

3 tall w.h 04


5 yeòskaùSu Wvrg yd my;rg hk foaYSh k¾;k iïm%odhkag wh;a uQ,sl irU wNHdi fuka u Ydia;%Sh mo k¾;kh lsßfï l=i,;dj iy tu k¾;khkag wh;a .dhk yd ;d, ms<snò m%dfhda.sl mqyqKqj ,nd fok mdGud,djls'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d DAGE 1001


• Wvrg yd my;rg k¾;k wNHdi l%u ms<snò mqyqKqj ,nd §u

• Wvrg yd my;rg jkakï ms<sn| m%dfhda.sl l=i,;dj j¾Okh lsÍu

• Wvrg yd my;rg k¾;k iïm%odfha Ydia;%Sh mo k¾;kh lsßfï l=i,;dj

,nd§u


• Wvrg yd my;rg k¾;k wNHdi l%u ms<snò úia;r lrhs

• Wvrg yd my;rg jkakï iy Ydia;%Sh mo k¾;kh lrhs

• k¾;k iïm%%odhkays tk .dhk yd ;d, ms<snò mqyqKqj ,nhs'



1 irU wNHdi • md irU 12

• f.dv irU 12

2 jkakï • ;=r`.d jkaku" iejq,d jkaku" iqrm;s jkaku" Wl=id jkaku' ^wod< ;s;a rEmj,g wh;a wfkl=;a jkakï ms<snò wjfndaOh wfmalaId flf¾'

3 ux.,ï k¾;kh • ux.,ï k¾;kh wNHdi

4 y;a mo k¾;kh • nq,;a moh

• fld;, moh

5 jÜgï wNHdi • l=òdka; .; fodï jÜgu 1-12

my;rg k¾;kh

1 irU wNHdi • md irU 12 yd b,x.ï irU 12

2 ud;%d my • ud;%d my wNHdi

3 jÜgï wNHdi • .=| .;s.; jÜgu 1-7

4 .dhkh iys; k¾;kh • ir, lú .dhkd ^;ks ;s; yd fo;s;&

5 jkakï • iskaÿ jkakï 1-2

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh

m%dfhda.sl foaYk - lKavdhï wNHdi

26

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

m%Odk úIhhlg yd wkq úIhlg fmkS isáh hq;= fõ' m%Odk úIh i`oyd ,l=Kq 60 jk

w;r WmúIh i`oyd ,l=Kq 40 ls

mdGud,d tallfha wjidk m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh ,l=Kq 100 ls

12

ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. fldaÜgf.dv" chfiak' 1998" m%dfhda.sl my;rg k¾;kh I" fndr,eia.uqj" fÊ'

fla' mí,sflaIka

2. fldaÜgf.dv" chfiak' 1998" m%dfhda.sl my;rg k¾;kh II" fndr,eia.uqj" fÊ'

fla' mí,sflaIka

3. l=,;s,l" iS' o tia' 1993" oy wg jkaku" fld<U" ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j

4. Èidkdhl" uqÈhkafia' 1993" isxy, k¾;k l,dj" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy

iud.u

5. Èidkdhl" uqÈhkafia' 1998" fldfydU hlalxldßh yd iudch" fld<U" weia'

f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

6. nKavdr" lreKdr;ak' 2000" Wvrg fnr jdok l,dj" fld<U" l¾;D m%ldYk

7. fnka;rf.a" ,hk,a' 2000' iskaÿ jkakï úu¾Ykh" fld<U" l¾;D m%ldYk

8. is,ajd" iõßia' 1965" my;rg kegqï l,dj" fld<U" rcfha uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j

9. fiaoruka" fÊ' B' 1996" Wvrg ;d, Ydia;%h" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u

10. fiaoruka" fÊ' B' 1979" Wvrg kegqï l,dj" fld<U" weï' ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u

27

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh DRGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku kdgH m%fõYh yd f,dalfha merKs kdgH l,dj 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùu

kdgH yd rx. l,dj iuÕ ne|s uQ,sl ixl,am yd úúO kdgH ffY,Ska y÷kajd foñka

f,dalfha úúO kdgH iïm%odhhka ms<sn| j mq¿,a f,i ú.%y flfrk mdGud,djls'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ke;


• kdgH l,dj yd m%dix.sl l,djka ye`|skaùu

• kdgH yd rx. l,dj iuÕ ne|s uQ,sl ixl,am yd úúO kdgH ffY,Ska y÷kajd oSu'

• f,dalfha merKs kdgH iïm%odhhkaf.a wdrïNl iajrEmh ms<sn| wjfndaOh'

• úúO rgj, kdgHl,djkays iqúfYaIs ,laIKy÷kd .ekSu'

• fmr wmr foÈ. Wiia kdgHlrejka y÷kd .ekSu yd Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK wOHhkh'

8 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfukA wfmaËs; M,h


• kdgH yd rx. l,dj iuÕ ne|s uQ,sl ixl,am meyeos,s lrhs'

• f,dalfha merKs kdgH iïm%odhhkays wdrïNh yd úldYh ms<sn| úia;r lrhs'

• úúO rgj, kdgHl,djkays we;s iqúfYaIs ,laIK ;=,kh lrhs'

• f,dalfha merKs kdgH kdgHlrejka f.a ks¾udK w.h lrhs'


1. kdgH l,dj ye|skaùu yd

ks¾jpk

• m%dix.sl l,d ye|skaùu

2. kdgH yd rx. l,dj iuÕ ne|s

uQ,sl ixl,am úúO kdgH

ffY,Ska

• kD;a;, kD;H, kdgH

• f,dal O¾ñ" kdgH O¾ñ

3. wersiafgdag,shdkq l:d úkHdih • wdl=,slrKh" wkdjrKh" m%;Hdj¾;kh"

m%;HNs{dkh" l:d¾isia ixl,amh

4. .%Sl kdgH l,dj • .%Sl kdgHfha m%Njh yd úldYh

5. .%Sl kdgHlrejka iy kdgH

ks¾udK

• .%Sl kdgHlrejka iy kdgH ks¾udK

6. frdau kdgHl,dj • frdau kdgHl,dj yd kdgHlrefjda

7. ixiald; kdgH l,dj • ixialD; kdgH l,dfõ m%Njh

8. ixialD; kdgHlrejka iy

kdgH ks¾udK

• Ndi, ld,sodi" Y=øl" Y%S y¾Ifoaj" úYdLo;a;,

NjN+;s

9. ixialD; kdgHfha l:d

úkHdih

• ixialD; kdgHfha l:d úkHdih

• ixialD; kdgH .Dyh

28

10. ixialD; kdgHfha úfYaI

,laIK

• ixialD; kdgHfha úfYaI ,laIK yd ri

ixl,amh

11. cmka kdgH l,dj • cmka kdgH l,dfõ m%Njh

12. cmka kdgH m%fNao • fkda" lnqls" lafhda.ka" nqkarl=

13. cmka kdgHlrejka • cmka kdgHlrejka yd kss¾udK

14. cmka kdgHfha fõosld

• cmka kdgHfha fõosld

• fkda" lnqls" nqkarl=

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉcd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh m%Yak m;%h ,l=Kq (80)

mejreu fyda ksnkaOkh ,l=Kq (20)

ම`එ ,l=Kq 100

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ldßhjiï" ;siai" 2001" Ök kdgH yd rx. l,dj" fld<U:tia f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda'

2. .ï,;a" iqpß;" 1989" ngysr kdgH l,dj yd rx. l,dj" fld<U:tia f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda'

3. chfialr, lukS' 2000" maf,dagiaf.a kdgH l,dj' fld<U : tia f.dvf.aa ifydaorfhda'

4. chj¾Ok, nkaÿ,' 1991" fnry~' fld<U : f,alayjqia'

5. chj¾Ok" nkaÿ, iy m;srdc úfÊj¾Ok - 1994" iïNdjH .%Sl kdgH l,dj" fld<U:

tia' f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda'

6. ;s,lisß" chfoaj 1971" ixialD; kdgH idys;Hh fld<U: f,alayjqia

7. O¾ulS¾;s" rxð;a 1996" kdgH m%fõYh" fld<U: tia f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda'

8. udrisxy" fjda,ag¾' 2003" Nr;uqks m%KS; kdgH Ydia;%h" 1 iy 2 ldKav" fld<U:

tia f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda'

9. udrisxy" fjda,ag¾ 1998" ixialD; kdgH iïm%odh yd r;akdj,S" fld<U: tia'

f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda

10. udrisxy" fjda,ag¾ 1995" .%Sl kdgH iïm%odhh" fld<U" l¾;D m %ldYk

11. rKùr" wdrshjxY' 1991" wekaá.kS ^mrs&fldÜgdj idr m%ldYk

12. rKùr" wdrshjxY 1991" Bämia rc" ^mrs&fldÜgdj idr m%ldYk

13. rdclreKd" wdßh' 1981" cmka kdgH ix.%yh" fld<U f,alayjqia

29

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh DRGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku YS% ,dxflah kdgH l,dj 3 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 4 tall w.h 04 5 ye`oskaùSu

foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE idOl y÷kajd foñka Y%S ,dxlsl kdgH l,dfõ

wdrïNh yd úldYh ms<sn| úia;r lrk mdGud,djls'



• foaYSh kdgH l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE Ydka;sl¾u yd fn!oaO mQcdl¾uhkays

kdgHuh ,laIK y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• Y%S ,xld‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍‍fõ .eñ kdgl weiqrska kdgH l,dj fmdaIKh ù we;s wdldrh y÷kd

.ekSu'

• kq¾;s hq.fha isg wdos úYajúoHd,hSh kdgH olajd isxy, kdgHfha úldYh y÷kd

.ekSu'

8 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfukA wfmaËs; M,h


• Ydka;s l¾u yd fn!oaO mQcd l¾uhkays kdgHuh ,laIK ms<sn| úia;r lrhs'

• .eñ kdglhkays we;s kdgHuh .=Kh w.h lrhs'

• kq¾;s hq.fha isg wdos úYajúoHdලයය kdgH olajd isxy, kdgHfha úldYhg

n,mE úfoaYSh wdydih ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lrhs'



1. fn!oaO mQcdl¾uhkays

kdgHuh ,laIK

• fodrlv wiak" ñ,skao m%Yakh" wd,jl

oukh" wdik fofla nK" ld,s hlaIsKS

oukh

2. hd;=l¾uj, kdgHuh

,laIK

• fldfydUd lxldßh" .ïuvqj" myka

uvqj" rg hl=u" ikaks hl=u" iQkshu

3. foaYSh ck kdgl • flda,ï

• flda,ï kdglfha kdgHuh ,laIK

4. foaYSh ck kdgl • fidlrs

• fidlrs kdglfha kdgHuh ,laIK

5. foaYSh ck kdgl • fou< ckkdgl

6. foaYSh ck kdgl • kdv.ï

• kdv.ï wdlD;sh

7. mdial= kdgH l,dj • mdial= kdgH l,dj

30

8. kq¾;s yd gj¾fyda,a kdgH hq.h

• kq¾;s

• gj¾fyda,a kdgH

9. ñk¾jd kdgH • ñk¾jd kdgH

• chudkak kdgH

10. wdos úYajúoHd,Sh kdgH

• wdos úYajúoHd,hSh bx.S%is kdgH

• mrsj¾;k kdgH

• iaj;ka;% kdgH


foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉcd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh m%Yak m;%h - ,l=Kq (80)

mejreu fyda ksnkaOkh - ,l=Kq (20) 12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. wfímd," frda,kaâ" 1978" Y%S ,xldfõ kdgH yd rx. l,dj" fldÜgdj" idr

m%ldYk'

2. wurfialr" fla'cS'" 2002" flda,ï kdgl pß;" ud;r" l¾;D m%ldYk'

3. wurfialr fla'cS' 2002" fidlß kdgl mqrdKh" l¾;D m%ldYk

4. wdßhr;ak" iqks,a" 1993" isßfiak úu,ùrf.a kdgH 6 la" fld<U tia'f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda

5. wdßhr;ak" iqks,a" 1996" isxy, kdv.ï msgm;a" 1-4 olajd" fld<U" tia'f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda

6. lreKd;s,l" kdro" 1993" oeÿreThnv fidlß kdglh" fld<U" tia'f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda

7. ldßhjiï ;siai" 1982" úYajúoHd,hSh kdgH jxYh" fld<U" tia' f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda

8. ldßhjiï ;siai" 1978" isxy, kdgHfha úldYh" fld<U

9. l=udrisxy" isß" 1991" rElv rEmK l,dj" ,iaik m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

10. .=K;s,l tï'tÉ'" 1968" flda,ï kdgH idys;Hh" urodk" r;ak fmd;a

m%ldYlfhda'

11. .=K;s,l tï'tÉ'" 1999" isxy, kdv.ï yd fou< l=;a;=" 1-2 ldKav" fld<U'

12. pkaøfialrï" ví,sõ" 2001" jvfudaä Y%S ,xldfõ kdÜgqlal=;a;=" fou< ck kdgH"

rdc.sßh" i|lv m%ldYk'

13. oE,nKavdr" .dñKS" 2000" isxy, flda,ï iïm%odh" le<Ksh" iïNdjH m%ldYk'

14. oE,nKavdr" .dñKS" 1993" isxy, kdv.ï iïm%odh" le<Ksh" iïNdjH m%ldYk'

15. osidkdhl" uqoshkafia" 1990" Wvrg Ydka;sl¾u iy .eñ kdgH

iïm%odh" fld<U' tia'f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda

16. ,shkf.a" isß" 1968" flda,ï kegqï úpdrh" oSmdks uqøK" .xf.dvú,'

17. irÉpkaø" tosßùr" 1969" isxy, .eñ kdglh" fld<U" ixialD;sl lghq;=

fomd¾;fïka;=j'

18. irÉpkaø" tosßùr" 1965" ukfï kdglh" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u

31

1 Code of the Course Unit ELAN 1001

2 Title of the Course Unit Critical Reading & Writing


4 Year First Year

5 Introduction

This course will familiarize the learner with different reading skills, writing skills and tasks

that are useful for day-to-day activities as well as for academic purposes, and hence

includes a selection of reading and writing tasks covering a range of such skills. The

candidates are expected to show mastery of each reading writing task with awareness of the

sub skills of reading such as skimming, scanning, analyzing, synthesizing, inferring etc. as

well as accurate use of grammar structures, lexical choices, discourse strategies, and

stylistic devices.

6 Pre-requisites Selection Test

7 Objectives of the course

• To develop the reading competence of the learner

• To develop the writing competence of the learner

• Develop intellectual capacity and creative potential that will be reflected in a variety of

reading and writing tasks and skills

8 Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course, students will have the ability

• To display a high level of competence in using the English language in a variety of

reading and writing activities.

• To read and understand a text as a whole, to identify figurative use of language,

stylistic devices, cohesive devices, genres, tone, mood, atmosphere, authorial purpose,

and other special characteristics of a text.

• To display the ability to use the English language to argue, explain, describe, and

narrate with a proper selection of lexical and functional categories and other figurative

devices

• To display communication skills in English which enable competent expression in

written communication with a high degree of accuracy and coherence?

• To display the ability to select, organize, synthesize, and order relevant information.

32

9 Contents


Reading

Reading, understanding, and critically

responding to following text types

1. Reviews of books, films, plays

2. Extracts from novels, short

stories

3. Newspaper articles on various

topics

4. Expository, descriptive,

narrative, argumentative texts

5. Poems

6. Editorials

Reading

1. Understanding the grammatical

relations of a sentence

2. Understanding the figurative

language in a text, use of diction

3. Inferring implicitly stated

information

4. Understanding the organization

of a text

5. Distinguishing main ideas from

supporting details

6. Interpreting writer’s tone, style,

purpose, atmosphere created in

the text etc.

7. Distinguishing facts from opinion

Writing

1. Describing persons and places

2. Reporting events

3. Formal and Informal letters

4. Articles to

magazines/newspapers

5. Letters of

recommendations/Character

certificates

6. Reports based on facts and

figures

7. Film/book/play reviews

8. Essays

Writing

1. Use of different approaches to

writing (Product approach and

Process approach)

2. Developing meta cognitive skills

such as brain storming,

analyzing, reviewing, editing

3. Understanding different genres of

writing

4. Developing Creative writing

10 Mode of delivery Seminars, workshops, lectures, online

instructions and course manuals

11 Evaluation and Assessment End of Course: Examination 100 marks

33

12 Recommended Reading

1. Stanovich, Keith E. (2000). Progress in Understanding Reading. New York: Guilford

Press.

2. Allen, J. (2000). Yellow Brick Roads: Shared and Guided Paths to Independent

Reading 4–12. Portland, ME: Stenhouse Press

3. Burke, Jim. (2000). Reading Reminders: Tools, Tips and Techniques. Portsmouth,

NH: Heinemann.

4. Tovani, Cris. (2000). I Read It, But I Don’t Get It: Comprehension Strategies for

Adolescent Readers. Portland, ME: Stenhouse

5. Barrass R. (1995). Students Must Write: a guide to better writing in coursework and

exams. London: Routledge

6. Clanchy J. (1992). How to Write Essays: a practical guide for students. Ballard B.

Melbourne: Longman Cheshire

7. Cottrell S. (1999). The Study Skills Handbook. Basingstoke: Macmillan

34

1 Code of the Course Unit ELAN 1002

2 Title of the Course Unit Understanding English Grammar


4 Year First Year

5 Introduction

This course will provide the basis for achieving mastery in grammatical competence in

English that will be applied in the language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing

6 Pre-requisites Selection Test

7 Objectives of the course

• To examine the structure of English language in terms of word classes, clause

elements, grammatical relations, mood/modality, aspect, and voice.

• To develop the grammatical competence of the learners with respect to the above,

and enable them to use the English Language accurately in all contexts of

communication in English.

8 Learning Outcomes

On completion of this course, students will be able to

• Understand, analyze and explain the grammatical relationships in and between

words, phrases, clauses and sentences of different types.

• Apply the right grammar in all types and contexts of communication in English.

• Assess the grammaticality of sentence constructions in English.

9 Content


1. Grammatical Units: words,

phrases, clauses and sentences.

• Words: a first definition

• Phrases: a first definition

• Clauses: a first definition

• Clause elements

• Subject, predicate, object, complement,

adverbial

• Sentences: a first definition

• Word order and sentence patterns in

English

35

2. Words in English • Word classes in English

• Open class words, closed class words

• Nouns

• Characteristics, classification of nouns

• Verbs

• Verb forms, classification of lexical verbs,

auxiliary verbs- primary and modal

• Tenses

• The gerund and the infinitive

• Adjectives

• Characteristics, syntactic functions,

syntactic sub-classification, semantic sub-

classification, position of adjectives in a

noun phrase

• Adverbs

• Different types of adverbs, characteristics,

syntactic functions, position of adverbs in

a sentence

• Pronouns

• Characteristics, classification of pronouns

• Proforms

• Different types of proforms

• Conjunctions

• Coordinating, correlative, classification of

conjunctions according to meaning

• Determiners

• Classification- specific determiners,

general determiners, pre-determiners,

central determiners, post determiners,

articles

36

• Prepositions

• Meaning of prepositions, dependant

prepositions.

• Interjections

3. Phrases in English

Structure and syntactic functions of noun

phrase, verb phrase, prepositional phrase,

adjective phrase, adverb phrase

4. Clauses in English

Finite clause, non-finite clause, subordinate

clauses (adverbial clause, noun clause,

relative clause), comparative clause.

5. Sentences in English

• Simple sentences

• Complex sentences

• Compound sentences

• Declaratives

• Imperatives

• Interogatives

• Question tags

• Exclamatory sentences

• Clefts

6. The passive voice

Passive form, passive only, acceptability of

passive sentences, use of agents in passive,

dropping the agent in passive, meaning

differences between active and passive

sentences, uses of the passive, sentence

patterns that can be changed into passive,

passive form of verbs

7. Reported speech Statements, imperative, questions

10 Mode of delivery Seminars, workshops, lectures, online instructions and

course manuals,

11 Evaluation and Assessment End of Course: Examination 100 marks

37

12 Recommended Reading

1. Nagasundaram, P. (2012). Essential Grammar: A reference book for teachers of

English. Boralesgamuwa: CRC Press.

2. Weerasooriya, T. (2021). Understanding English Grammar. Colombo: Thusitha

Publishers.

3. Huddleston, R. & Pullum, K. (1992). A Student’s Introduction to English

Grammar. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

4. Greenbaum, S. & Nelson, G. (2002). An Introduction to English Grammar.

London: Pearson Education.

38

1 mdGud,d fla;lh HNGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku uQ,sl yskaos jHdlrK 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

isxy, NdIdjg wh;a ud;D NdIdfjkau ì|S wd yskaoS NdIdj yd wdY%s; idys;Hh" jHdlrKh

wdoS NdId wx. wOHhk lsÍfuka isxy, NdIdj ksjerÈj yd jHla;j wOHhkh lsÍug

wjldY ,eîu yd yskaoS NdIdj jHla;j yeisrùfï yelshdj ,eîu'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d mQ¾j iqÿiqlï wjYH fkdfõ'

7 mdGud,d tallfhka wfmalaIs; wruqKq

• yska§ NdIdfõ uQ,sl NdId ,laIK wOHhkfhka ksjerÈ yskaÈ f,aLkh iy ksjerÈ

NdId yelshdj isiqka ;=< we;s lsÍu'

8 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfuka wfmalaIs; M,h


• yska§ NdIdj ,sùfï lshùfï" weyqïlï oSfï iy l:d lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd.kS'

• yska§ NdIdfjka idys;Huh ks¾udK t<soelaùfï yelshdj ,nd .ekSu'



1wlaIr ud,dj ye|skaùu

• iajr

• jHxck

• W;aCIsma; èjks

• wkqkdisl yd wkqiajdrh

• merKs wlaIr

• ixhqla; wlaIr

• iajr ud;%d ms<s Ndú;h

2wlaIr j¾.SlrKh

• iajr j¾.SlrKh

• jHxck j¾.SlrKh

• WÉpdrK ia:dkh wkqj iajr yd

jHxck j¾.SlrKh

3kdumo iy m%fNao

• kdumo ye|skaùu

• kdumoj, m%fNao

• kdumoj, rEmSh fjkialï

4jpk fNaoh

• tal jpk

• nyq jpk

5,sx. fNaoh

• ia;S% ,sx.

• mqreI ,sx.

39

6úNla;s

• kdumo úNla;sj, jr ke`.Su

• i¾j kdu úNla;sj, jr ke`.Su

7i¾j kdu

• ye`ÈkAùu

• i¾j kdu m%fNao

• i¾j kdu moj, rEmSh fjkialï

8.j¾;udk ld,h

• idudkH j¾;udk ld,h

• ixfoayd;aul j¾;udk ld,h

• ;;ald,sl j¾;udk ld,h

• ixfoayd;aul ;;ald,sl j¾;udk

ld,h

• wNHdisl j¾;udk ld,h

9w;S; ld,h

• ir, w;S; ld,h

• wNHdisl w;S; ld,h

• ;;ald,sl w;S; ld,h

• iudml w;S; ld,h

• idudkH w;S; ld,h

• wdikak w;S; ld,h

• mQ¾K w;S; ld,h

• ixÈ.aO w;S; ld,h

10wkd.; ld,h

• ir, wkd.; ld,h

• idudkH wkd.; ld,h

• iïNdjH wkd.; ld,h

• wNHdisl wkd.; ld,h

11úfYaIK

• ye`oskaùu

• úfYaIK m%fNao

12ls%hd mo

• ls%hd mo idOkh

• ls%hd úfYAIK

• iydhl l%shd

• ixhqla; ls%hd

• úêls%hd

13 wkshñ; .oHdxY isxy,hg yd

yskaÈhg mßj¾;kh lsßu'

• yskaoS niska ,shjqKq ckl;d" ir,

moH iy .oHdxY isxy, nig

mrsj¾;kh lsrSu¡

• isxy, niska ,shjqKq ckl;d" ir, moH iy .oHdxY yskaoS nig mrsj¾;kh lsrSu¡

40

14 ,dËKsl moSlrKh

• iudk mo

• úreoaO mo

• ;ks mo

• hq., mo

15jdla fldaIh

• t<j¿" m<;=re iy .ia j¾.

• l=¿ nvq

• lEu îu j¾.

• keoElï iy jD;a;Ska

• 01-100 olajd .Kka lsÍu

• YÍr wjhj

• i;sfha Èk yd udi

16 ir, ixjdo ks¾udKh yd

ir, l;dkaor ks¾udKh

• fj<| fmdf<a oS" nia kej;=ïfmdf<a

oS iqyo ñ;=re yuqjloS l;dny

• ir, ud;Dld hgf;a ir, l;dkaor

ks¾udKh'


wdldrh

foaYk uÕska iy lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu uOHjdr mÍlaIKh ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍlaIKh ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. w.%jd,a úch" 1994" wmakS yskaÈ iqOdf¾x" m%ldYka úNd.a¡

2. ndáhd ffl,dIapkaø" iNdh rdïkd:a" Y¾ud rdï ckau" 1991" udkla yska§ jHdlrKa

T!¾ rpkd" rdYAá%h ffIlaIla wkqikaOdka T!¾ m%YslaIKa m¾Ioa m%ldYka¡

3. .=re ldï;d m%idoa" 2010" yska§ jHdlrKa" mdmq,¾ nqla äfmda m%ldYka¡

4. l:qßhd ókq" ir,a yskaÈ jHdlrKa ;:d rpkd" ù l=ud¾ mí,sflaIka" È,a,sh¡

5. fifkúr;ak" ,laIauka" 2008" yska§ f,aLk yqrej " l¾;D m%ldYkh¡

6. fifkúr;ak" ,laIauka" 2008" yska§ úhrK yqrej" iuhj¾Ok fmd;ay, fld<U 10¡

7. fifkúr;ak" ,laIauka" 2004" isxy, yska§ m%dfhda.sl Yío ix.%yh" f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U 10¡

8. m%idoa" jdiqfoaõ kkaoka" 2005" wdOqksla yskaoS jHdlrKa T!¾ rpkd" Ndr;S Njka

w,yndoa¡

9. ms%hd ".=ud iy ,Qord" 2016 " ixhqla; ú;dka yskaoS mdGud,d 1-5" uOqnka m%ldYk" kj

os,a,sh¡

41

1 mdGud,d fla;lh HNGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku yskaos idys;H b;sydih 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

ñksid i;= ks¾udKd;aul yelshdjka Tma keúSu yd m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska kj ks¾udK

ìys lsÍug yelshdj ,eîu'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d mq¾j iqÿiqlï wjYH fkdfõ'

7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq

• isiqkag yska§ idys;Hfha wdÈ ld,h" Nla;s ld,h" Í;s ld,h yd wdOqksl ld,h

ms<sn| mQ¾K oekqula ,nd Èu'


fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska"

• yskaos idys;H b;sydifha by; oelajQ hq.j, idys;H lD;s iy l¾;Djreka ms<sn|

oekqu ,nhs

• tu oekqu Wmfhda.S lrf.k úúO idys;H ks¾udKhg YsIH W;afm%arKhla we;s

lrhs



1 yska§ idys;H ye|skaùu • ye|skaùu

2 yska§ idys;Hfha hq. fnÈu

• wdÈ ld,h

• Nla;s ld,h

• Í;s ld,h

• wdOqksl ld,h

• yska§ idys;Hfha hq. fn§u ms<sn|

u;jdo

3 wdos ld,h ms<sn| ye|skaùu

• foaYmd,ksl miqìu

• idudðl miqìu

• wd¾Ól miqìu

• wd.ñl miqìu

• wdos ld,fha idys;H ks¾udK

ye|skAùu

• wdos ld,fha idys;Hlrejka iy

Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK

42

4 Nla;s ld,h ms<sn| ye|skaùu

• foaYmd,ksl miqìu

• idudðl miqìu

• wd¾Ól miqìu

• wd.ñl miqìu

• Nla;s ld,fha idys;H ks¾udK

ye|skaùu

• Nla;s ld,fha idys;Hlrejka iy

Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK

5 Í;s ld,h

• ye|skaùu

• kdulrKh

• Í;s ld,fha wd¾Ól" idudðl"

foaYmd,ksl yd wd.ñl miqìï

• Í;s ld,fha idys;H ks¾udK

ye|skaùu

• Í;s ld,fha idys;Hlrejka iy

Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK

6 wdOqksl ld,h

• wdOqksl ld,fha hq. fnoSu

• wdOqksl ld,fha foaYmd,ksl"

idudðl" wd¾Ól" wd.ñl miqìï

7 Ndrf;akaÿ hq.h

• hq.fha idys;Hlrejka yd Tjqkaf.a

ks¾udK

• .oH$moH

8 oaúfõoS hq.h


ks¾udK

• .oH$moH

9 PdhdjdoS hq.h


ks¾udK

• .oH$moH

10 Pdhdjdfoda;a;r hq.h • hq.fha idys;Hlrejka yd Tjqkaf.a

ks¾udK .oH$moH

11 iudf,dapkh


wdldrh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu uOHjdr mÍlaIKh$bÈßm;a lsÍu - ,l=Kq (20)

wjidk mÍlaIKh ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh - ,l=Kq (80)

43

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. p;=¾fõÈ rdfÊYaj¾ m%idoa" idys;ahsla kssnkaO" yÍIa m%ldYka ukaoS¾" wd.ard

2. oaúfÉoS ycdÍ m%idoa" 2004" yska§ idys;H WoaNõ T!¾ úldia" rdÊlu,a m%ldYka m%d' ,s

1-ì fka;dcS iqNdIa ud¾." oßhdx.c" khS È,a,S-110 002" PÀ wdú%;a;s

3. kf.akaø" fp!îiajd mqk¾ uqøs;a ixialrKa( 1996" yska§ idys;H yd b;sydia" ið,oa

ixialrKa" fkaIk,a míIsx.a yjqia

4. Y¾ud rdï lsfIda¾" yskaos idys;H yd b;sydia (2001" bkaähd nqla tackais 33$14 ta"

p¾Éf,aka" b,dydndoa 211002

5. isxy nÉpka ixfYdaê; ixialrKa(2005" wdOqksla yska§ idys;H yd b;sydia ^kùka

ixfYdaê; ixialrKa& f,dala Ndr;S m%ldYka" 15-ta uy;aud .dkaê ud¾.a" b,dydndoa

44

01 mdGud,d fla;lh MUGE 1001

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku yskaÿia:dkS ix.S;h m%dfhda.sl - I ^.dhkh&

03 tall w.h 04


05 yeòskaùSu

fuu mdGud,dj YsIHhkg .dhkfhys ksmqK;djla ,ndoSfï wruqKska ieliS we;' rd.

ms<snò úYaf,aIKd;aul wOHhkhla iy ;d, yd tys ,hldÍ ms<snò oekqula o ,nd fokq

we;'

06 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d නපණතා පරකෂණය

07 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqK

• වෘතතයක වශයයන ප‍රාසංගක කලා අධ‍යයනය උනන කරවම.

• ශලපන බහකරම සහ ගායනයයහ මනා නපණතාවන ලතත ගරවරන පහණ කරම.

08 mdGud,d tallfha b.ekaùfuka wfmalaIs; M,h


• උතතතර භාරතය ශාස;%Sh rd. .dhk yelshdj ,nd.kS

• Y%jණ වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS

• සංගත ප%සංග වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS

• ශබයදෝචචාරණ වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS


m%Odk ud;Dldj fiiq ud;Dld

1.තාල අධ‍යයනය

• නයදදශත තාල පළබද දැනම සහ එම

තාලයනයේ ලයකාරන හ ÷නාගැනම

• නයදදශත තාල

දාදරා, යකයහවදා, ත‍රතාලප, දපචන, රපක,

ඒlaතාලප, ධ‍මාද, යචෞතාලප, ජපතාලප

2. රාග පළබද ව.%හdතතමක

අධ‍යයනය

• නයදදශත රාග සහ, ඒවායේ වසතරාතතමක

අධ‍යයනය, සගදම, රාගයේ චලතය, සම

ප‍රකෘක රාග සහ එම රාගවල බලපෑයමන

නමදාණය වණ හන§ සහ ශ‍ර ලාංයකය ගත

පළබද අධ‍යයනය

• නයදදශත රාග

යමන, අලපහයයාබලාjලප, Lමාජ, කාෆ"

භභරව , භපාල, යේශ, බහාේ

• ශ‍රවය දෘෂය උපකරණ භාවතයයන භාරතය

ශාසත‍රය ගායකයනයේ ගායනාවලට

සවනදම සහ එමගන සසනයේ

නමදාණාතතමක කYලතා වධ‍දනය සහ

නදහස සංගත නමදාණ සහ සාකචඡා u.sන

සසනයේ කYලතා වධ‍දනය

45

3. රාග පළබද m%dයයෝගක


a) යමන

• අලංකාර සහ ම QදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත

අභයාස සහ ද ඇ රාගයේ රාගාලdප

• වලමතත ඛ‍යාලප සහ ;dkd,xldr තාලය - එකතාලප

• O%e; LHd,a iy ;dkd,xldr

b) අලපහයයා බලාවලප • අලංකාර සහ මදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත




c) ඛ‍මාජ • O%e; LHd,a iy ;dkd,xldr

d) කා*s • O%e; LHd,a iy ;dkd,xldr

e) ffNrj • අලංකාර සහ ම QදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත




g) N+md,s • අලංකාර සහ ම QදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත




h) foaYa • අලංකාර සහ මQජදනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත

අභයාසසහ ද ඇ රාගයේ රාගාලප


i) ìyd.a • අලංකාර සහ ම QදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත

අභයාස සහ ද ඇ රාගයේ රාගාලdප,



4.මරා බජන • භක ගත 02

46

5.O%eපoa සහ ධ‍මාද ගතය බැගන

ප‍රාථමක ලයකාර, බdනතත සහ උපජ

භාවත කර (නයදදශත රාගය 2 ක)


යමන, අලපහයයා

බලාjලප,Lමාජ,කාෆ,භභරව ,භපාල,යේශ,

බහාේ

6තරාණා ගතයන • ඉහත සදහන නයදදශත ඕනෑම රාගයක

තාලය ත‍රතාලප


යේශන /සමමඛ‍ සාකචඡා /iමm%fවශk (Presentation) lKavdhï idlÉcd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh( jHdmD;s" iïuqL පරකෂණය" wjidk m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIKh

wLKav we.hSï jHdmD;s පැවරම= 20%

wjidk mÍlaIKh අවසාන ප‍රායයෝගක පරකෂණය= 80%

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Bagchee , Sandeep (1998) Understanding Raga Music.1 st Edition Eshwar

2. Bandyopadhyaya, S (1991) Wisdom of ragas.1st Edition.South Asia Books

3. Bandyopadhyaya, S. (Shripada), (1988)Techniques of sitar : the prince among all

musical instruments of India.Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp

4. Bandyopadhyaya, S. (Shripada), (1991)Wisdom of Ragas "Raga jnana" :

elucidation of Indian airs Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp.

5. Bhatkhande,V.N.(1989) Bhatkande’s Contribution to Music. Popular prakashan

6. Danielou, Alain (2010) Ragas of North Indian Music.Coronet Books inc.

7. Danielou, Alain (1952)A catalogue of recorded classical and traditional

Indianmusic.Paris UNESCO

8. Danielou, Alain (1987)Northern Indian music : the main ragas .Delhi V.K.

Publ. House.

9. Danielou, Alain (1980) The ragas of Northern Indian music.1st ed. New Delhi

Munshiram Manoharlal

10. Emmons, White,E. (1971)Appreciating India's music; an introduction, with an

emphasis on the music of South India Boston, Crescendo Pub.

11. Framjee, Firoze . (1986)Text book of Indian music : (theory & practice) India :

Sakhi Prakashan

12. Jairazbhoy, Nazir Ali (2011) The Ragas of North Indian Music. 2nd Edition.

Popular Prakashan

47

13. Mahajan, Anupam. (1989)Ragas in Indian classical music, foreword by Ravi

Shankar.New Delhi: Gian Pub. House

14. Orrell, Neil (1980) Indian music in performance. New York: New York University

Press. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

15. Shankar, Ravi, (1969)My music, my life. [1968].[Delhi] Vikas Publications,

16. Srivastava, Indurama,(2008)Practical Guide to North Indian classical vocal Music.

India Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.

17. Sundaram, B. M. (1987) Tala sangraha. Bangalore: Percussive Arts Centr.

18. Ram Avtar "Vir".Learn to play on sitar1st ed. New Delhi : Pankaj Publications

distributors, Cambridge Book & Stationery Stores,

19. Ram Avtar "Vir" (1982)Learn to play on tabla1st ed. New Delhi: Pankaj

Publications Distributors, Cambridge Book & Stationery Stores.

20. Ram Avtar "Vir". (1980)Theory of Indian ragas1st ed. New Delhi: Pankaj


21. Rao, Subha . (1956)Bharatiya sangeet: Raga Nidhi; encyclopedia of Indianragas,

a comparative study of Hindustani & Karnatak ragas,With a foreword by M.

Bhawanishankar Niyogi. [Poona, V. Patwardhan, Chairman, Vishnu Digambar

Smarak Samiti]

22. Rao, B.Subba Raganidhi (1964) A comparative study of Hindustani and Karnatak

ragas in 4 volumes The Music Academy, Madras, India.

48


02 mdGud,d tallfha ku Ndr;Sh ix.S;h isoaOdkA; yd b;sydih ^.dhkh$jdokh&

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`oskaùSu

W;a;r Ndr;Sh iy olaIsK Ndr;Sh ix.S; iïm%odhkays kHdh yd tajdfhys b;sydih

ms<sn|j ye`Èkaùula ,ndoSu i|yd fuu mdGud,dj ilia lr we;'

06 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d MUGE 1001 fyda MUGE 1003


• Wiia .Kfha Ys,amSka ìyslsÍu iy bkaÈhdkq ix.S;fhys kHdh iy b;sydih ms<sn|

ukd ksmqK;ajhla we;s .=rejreka mqyqKq lsÍu iy iqodkï lsÍu



• ysskaÿia:dks iy l¾Kdgl ix.S; l%u foj¾.h ms<sn| oekqu ,nd.kS

• bkaÈhdkq ix.S;fhys b;sydih ms<sn| oekqu ,nd.kS



1. idudkH ix.S;fõoh • ix.S; mo iïnkaO ks¾jpk iy

ye`Èkaùï(

• kdo"iajr"j¾K"Y%e;s"rd.":dg^fï,&"

w,xldr";dk"ókaâ

• .ula"ia:dk"ldl="ud¾.- foaYSh"

rd.d,dm-rEmld,dm" jdoS" ixjdoS"

wkqjdoS" újdoS" ;d," ,h" ud;%d"fGld"

úNd." ;d,s" Ld,s" iï" wdú¾Ndj"

;sfrdaNdj" mrfï, - m%fõYl rd." .%y"

wïi" kHdh" ikaê m%ldY rd."

jd.af.ahldr" l,djka;" iam¾Y ^lka&

iajr" w,am;aj- nyq;aj" rd. iuh

2. ks¾foaYs; rd. iïnkaOj iajr

,sms lshùu iy ks¾foaYs; ;d,

iïnkaOj ;d, ,sms lshùu iy

,sùu iu. m%d:ñl ,hldÍ iy

m%d:ñl Ydia;S%h .S; úYaf,aIKh

• ks¾foaYs; rd. huka w,affyhd

ì,dj,a Ludca ld*s ffNrj N+md,s

foaYa ìyd.a

• ks¾foaYs; ;d, odord ;%s;d,a

rEmla COma;d,a oSmapkaos tala;d,a

• ,hldrs

ÿ.=ka yd ;s.=ka yd fp!.=ka

• Ndr;Sh Ñ;%mg .S yd isxy, .S

49

3. ;sydhs ks¾udKh • ;%s;d,a yd rEmla

4. ;ïmqrd jdoH NdKavh • ;ïmqrdj ms<sn|j oekqu" ;;a iqir lsÍu

iy ieliqu

5. :dg iy rd. j¾.SlrKh −

6. W;a;r iy olaIsK ix.S; moaO;s

ms<sn| ;=,kd;aul wOHhkh

• iajr" :dg" ;d,

7. Ndr;Sh iajr,sms wOHhkh

• úIaKq È.ïn¾ m¨iald¾ iy mKaä;a

Nd;aLKafâ m`ä;=udf.a iajr ,sms l%uh

8. Ndr;Sh jdoH NdKav j¾.SlrKh • ;;a" iqYsr" >k" wjkoaO NdKav

iïnkaO oekqu

9. .dhk .=re l=, ^>rdKd& j,

m%Njh" j¾Okh yd j¾;udk

;;a;ajh ms<sn| ixlaIsma;

igykla

• chmQ¾, w.%d, lsrdKd, m;swd,d

.=rel=,

10. m%isoaO bkaÈhdkq ix.S;{hkaf.a

Ôjk f;dr;=re yd Tjqkaf.a

odhl;ajh

• ;dkafika" mKaä;a ´ïl¾kd;a ;dl+¾"

ã'ù m¨iald¾" mKaä;a Nd;aLKafâ" wó¾

l=IarE" Wia;doa w,õoSka Ldka" tia' tka'

r;kackal¾" mKaä;a rùYxl¾" ú,dhÜ

Ldka

11. bkaÈhdkq ix.S;h ms<sn|

ixlaIsma; b;sydih I

• ^ffjÈl hq.fha isg 12 jk Y;

j¾Ih olajd&

12. bkaÈhdkq ix.S;h ms<sn|

idudkH b;sydih II

• ^12 jk Y;j¾Ifha isg j¾;udkh

olajd&

13. ùKdjl ;;a wdOdrfhka iajr

ilia lsÍu

• mKaä;a YS% ksjdia

14. ks¾foaYs; ;d,j, ,hldÍka

,sùu

• wd¾,h(Arlaya)"ìhd¾,h(Biarlaya)"

l=jd¾,h(Kwarlaya)"

15. Ndr;Sh ix.S;h wdY%s; m%dix.sl

.eg,q

• .dhk iy jdolhkaf.a .=K iy fodaI


wdldrh

foaYk$m%dfhda.sl bÈßm;a lsÍï$ iïuqL idlÉcd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

mejereï" wjidk ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh

wLKav we.hSï mejreï = 20%

wjidk mÍlaIKh wjidk ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh = 80%

50

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Avtar, Ram. (1987)History of Indian music and musicians.1st ed. New Delhi :

Pankaj Publications.

2. Avtar, Ram"Vir" (1983) The music of India.New Delhi.Pankaj Publications.

3. Avtar,Ram, "Vir"(1983) Musical instruments of India : history anddevelopment, New

Delhi . Pankaj Publications.

4. Avtar,Ram "Vir"(1980).Theory of Indian music.1st ed. New Dehli :Pankaj

Publications[Queens Village, N.Y. : Distributed by Asia Book Corp. of America]

5. Avtar, Ram "Vir".(1980) Theory of Indian raga.s1st ed. New Delhi Pankaj


6. Bagchee Sandeep, (1998) Understanding Raga Music.1 st Edition Eshwar

7. Bandyopadhyaya, S(1991) Wisdom of ragas.1st Edition.South Asia Books.

8. Bhatkhande, V.N. (1990) Kramik Pustak Malika, Part I, II, III, IV Sakhi

Prakashan

9. Bhatkhande, V.N. (1944) A comparative study of some of the leading musicsystems

of the 15th, 16th, 17th & 18th centuries, M. Sukthankar

10. Bhatkhande,V.N. (1989) Bhatkande’s Contribution to Music. Popular prakashan

11. Chakraborty,Sri Satyaban, (1981) Svaras and Srutis in Indian music,West Bengal

Kalyani Prakashani.

12. Deva, B. Chaitanya (1978) Musical Instruments of India their history and

development.First Edition Firma KLM Private limited.


14. Jairazbhoy, Nazir Ali (2011) The Ragas of North Indian Music. 2nd Edition.Popular

Prakashan.

15. Kasliwal, Dr. Suneera (2001) Classical Musical Instruments,New Delhi,Rupa & Co.

16. Kuppuswamy, Gowri (1978) Understanding Western Music.Delhi. Sterling

Publishers.

17. Mahajan,Anupam (2001) Ragas in Hindustani Music Conceptual Aspects.New

Delhi.Gyan publishing house.

18. Nadkarni, Mohan (1999) The Great Masters,India, Harpercollins Publishers.

19. Perera, E.S. (1994) The origin and Development of Dhrupada and its bearing on

Instrumental music.Calcutta .K.P. Bagchi& company.

20. Ranade, Ashok D. (Ashok Damodar), 1937-Hindustani music , 1st ed. New Delhi :

National Book Trust,

51

21. Rao,B.Subba (1964) Raganidhi: A comparative study of Hndustaniand karnatak

ragas in 4 volumes.Madras, India.The Music Academy

22. Srivastava,Indurama (1980) Dhrupada,1st Edition,Delhi.Indological Bublishers

23. Srivastava, Indurama, (2008) Practical Guide to North Indian classical vocal Music.

India Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.

24. Panchapakesa Iyer, (1989) A.SKarnataka sangeeta sastra : theory of Carnatic

music.Madras.Trans.T.T.Vijayaraghavan.Ganamrutha Prachuram.

52


02 mdGud,d tallfha ku yskaÿia:dkS සංගතය ප‍රායයෝගක - I (jdokh) ^is;d¾$.sgd¾$jh,Ska$ngk,d$tiardÊ&

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`oskaùSu

යමම පාඨමාලාව ශෂයයනට වාදනයයහ නපKතාවක ලබා දයම අරමණන සැකස ඇත.

රාග,තා, හා ඒවායේ ලයකාර පළබ`ද වශයලපIKdතතමක අධ‍යයනයක ලබා යදන ඇත.

06 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d කi,තා පරකෂණය


• වෘතතයක වශයයන ප‍රාසංගක කලා අධ‍යයනය උනන කරවම.

• ශලපන බහකරම සහ වාදනයයහ මනා නපණතාවන ලතත ගරවරන පහණ කරම.



• උතතතර භාරතය ශාස;%Sh rd. වාදන yelshdj ,nd.kS

• Y%jණ වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS

• සංගත ප‍රසංග වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS

• ශබයදෝචචාරණ වශයලපෂණය yelshdj ,nd.kS



1.තාල අධ‍යයනය

• නයදදශත තාල පළබද දැනම සහ යවනස

තාල සහ එම තාලයනයේ ලයකාරන

හ ÷නාගැනම

• නයදදශත තාල

ත‍රතාලප, දපචන, රපක, ඒකතාලප, ධ‍මාද,

ජපතාලප,ලවඩා,තවරා

2. රාග පළබද වග‍රහdතතමක


• නයදදශත රාග සහ, ඒවායේ වසතරාතතමක

අධ‍යයනය, සගදම, රාගයේ චලතය, සම

ප‍රකෘක රාග සහ එම රාගවල බලපෑයමන

නමදාණය වණ හන§ සහ ශ‍ර ලාංයකය ගත

පළබද අධ‍යයනය


යමන,අලපහයයා බලාjලප, Lමාජ, කාෆ,

ආශාවර, භභරව , යේශ, ලකකායමෝේ,

කාලංගඩා, යකදාද

53

• ශ‍රවය දෘෂය උපකරණ භාවතයයන භාරතය

ශාසත‍රය ගායකයනයේ ගායනාවලට සවනදම

සහ එමගන සසනයේ නමදාණාතතමක

කYලතා වධ‍දනය සහ නදහස සංගත

නමදාණ සහ සාකචඡා u.sන සසනයේ

කYලතා වධ‍දනය

3. රාග පළබද ප%dයයෝගක


a) යමන

• ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ

මදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත අභයාස සහ

ශලපය ක‍රම පළබද දැනම

• මසටඛ‍ාන ගතත සමග තානාලංකාර, මධ‍ය

ආලප සහ හාය නමදාණය

• යරසාඛ‍ාන ගතත සමග තානාලංකාර, සහ

හාය නමදාණය

b) අලපහයයා බලාලප • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ

ම QදPනාවලන සෑණ වයශෂත අභයාස සහ






c) ධ‍මාජ • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ





d) ld*s • යරසාඛ‍ාන ගතත සමග තානාලංකාර, සහ


4' rd.OdÍ ix.S;fha ඣ,d • යවනස ඡනදයනට අනකලව ඣ,d

නමදාණය

තාලය- ත‍රතාලප

a)ආශාවර • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ


ශලපය ක‍රම පළබ`ද දැනම

• යරසාඛ‍ාන ගතත සමග තානාලංකාර, හාය

සහ ඣ,d නමදාණය

54

b)කාලංගඩා • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ





c)යකදාද • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ





5 ලකකායමෝේ • ද ඇ රාගය සදහා අලංකාර සහ ම Qජදනා

වලන සෑණ වයශෂත අභයාස සහ ශලපය

ක‍රම පළබ`ද දැනම



a) භභරව • ද ඇ රාගය ස|හා අලංකාර සහ







b) foaYa • වලමතත යහෝ ධ‍රැත ලයයන වැයයන ගතත

සමග තානාලංකාර සහ හාය ත‍රතාලප හැර

යවනතත නයදදශත තාලයකන 6.ධන භශලයේ වාදනයක • ඛ‍මාජ යහෝ ld*s


wdldrh

යේශන /සමමඛ‍ සාකචඡා /iමm%fවශk (Presentation)/

lKavdhï idlÉඡා

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï jHdmD;s පැවරම= 20%

wjidk mÍlaIKh අවසාන ප‍රායයෝගක පරකෂණය= 80%

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Bagchee ,Sandeep (1998) Understanding Raga Music.1 st Edition Eshwar

2. Bandyopadhyaya, S (1991) Wisdom of ragas.1st Edition.South Asia Books

3. Bhatkhande,V.N. (1989) Bhatkande’s Contribution to Music. Popular Prakashan.

55

4. Bandyopadhyaya, S. (Shripada), (1988)Techniques of sitar : the prince among all musical

instruments of India.Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp

5. Bandyopadhyaya, S. (Shripada), (1991)Wisdom of Ragas "Raga jnana" : elucidation of

Indian airs Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp.


7. Danielou, Alain (1952)A catalogue of recorded classical and traditional

Indianmusic.Paris UNESCO

8. Danielou, Alain (1987)Northern Indian music : the main ragas .Delhi V.K. Publ. House.

9. Danielou, Alain (1980) The ragas of Northern Indian music.1st ed. New Delhi

Munshiram Manoharlal

10. Emmons,White,E.1971)Appreciating India's music; an introduction, with an emphasis on

the music of South India Boston, Crescendo Pub.

11. Framjee, Firoze .(1986)Text book of Indian music : (theory & practice) India : Sakhi

Prakashan

12. Jairazbhoy, Nazir Ali(2011) The Ragas of North Indian Music. 2nd Edition.Popular

Prakashan

13. Mahajan, Anupam. (1989)Ragas in Indian classical music ; foreword by Ravi

Shankar.New Delhi : Gian Pub. House

14. Orrell. Neil (1980) Indian music in performance. New York : New York University Press.

Manchester : Manchester University Press.

15. Shankar.Ravi, (1969)My music, my life. [1968].[Delhi] Vikas Publications

16. Srivastava, Indurama, (2008) Practical Guide to North Indian classical vocal Music. India

Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers.

17. Sundaram.B,M (1987)Tala sangraha. Bangalore : Percussive Arts Centr.

18. Ram Avtar "Vir". (1982)Learn to play on sitar1st ed. New Delhi : Pankaj Publications

distributors, Cambridge Book & Stationery Stores,

19. Ram Avtar "Vir" (1982)Learn to play on tabla1st ed. New Delhi : Pankaj Publications

Distributors, Cambridge Book & Stationery Stores.

20. Ram Avtar "Vir".(1980)Theory of Indian ragas1st ed. New Delhi : Pankaj Publications

Distributors, Cambridge Book & Stationery Stores.

21. Rao,Subha. (1956)Bharatiya snnnangeet: Raga Nidhi; encyclopedia of Indianragas, a

comparative study of Hindustani & Karnatak ragas,With a foreword by M.

Bhawanishankar Niyogi.[Poona, V. Patwardhan, Chairman, Vishnu Digambar Smarak

Samiti]

22. Rao.B,Subba. (1964) Raganidhi A comparative study of Hindustani and Karnatak ragas in

4 volumes.The Music Academy, Madras, India.

56

1 mdGud,d fla;lh PAGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku md,s NdId m%fõYh 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih පළමවk jසර 5 yeòskaùSu

md,s NdIdj b;d ir,h' iqugh' iq.uh' md,s ;%smsglh" wÜGl:d yd àld fukau jxil:d

wdoS ;;a NdIdfjka rÑ; lD;s yeoEÍfïoS md,s NdId jHdlrKh ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla

;sîu w;HdjYHh' kQ;kh jk úg;a fn!oaOhkaf.a wdñl NdIdj md,s NdIdjh' tneúka

fndfyda wd.ñl lghq;=j,oS Ndú; jkafka md,s NdIdjhs' th ksjerosj fhdod.ekSug kï

NdId Ydia;%h ms<sn| m%udKj;a oekqula ;sìh hq;qh' tneúka md,sNdId m%fõIh u.ska

wfmlaId flfrkafka md,s NdIdfjys uQ,sl jHdlrK fldgia wdjrKh lrñka md,s NdIdj

ksjerosj yeoEÍfï jeo.;alu ms<sn| m%udKj;a oekqula ,ndoSuhs'



• md,s NdIdj wOHhkfha jeo.;alu yd wjYH;dj y`ÿkajdoSu

• md,s NdIdfõ wdrïNh yd ixj¾Okh y`ÿkajdoSu

• md,s NdIdfõ uQ,sl jHdlrK isoaOdka; y`ÿkajdoSu


fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska "

• md,s NdIdj wOHhkfhys jeo.;alu y`ÿkd.kshs'

• md,s NdIdfõ wdrïNh yd ixj¾Okh y`ÿkd.kshs'

• md,s NdIdfõ uQ,sl jHdlrK isoaOdka; Wf.k tajd Ndú; lrhs



1. md,s NdId wOHhkfha

wjYH;dj yd jeo.;alu

• nqoqoyu w¾: ksrEmKh lsÍu

• md,sfhka ,shd we;s Y%S ,xldfõ

ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hkays fm< ksis f,I

wOHhkh lsSu

• fuf;la m%ldYhg m;a lr ke;s md,s

uQ, .%ka: m%ldYhg m;a lsÍu

• md,sfhka kj ks¾udK t<s oelaùu

2. md,s NdIdj ms<snò ye|skaùu

I

• fm< WoaOD; ksjerosj w¾:l:kh

lsÍu

3. md,s NdIdj ms<snò ye|skaùu

II

• nqoaO jpkh ye|skaùu i|yd Ndú;

ud.ê yd fiiq kdu

57

4. md,s NdIdj ms<sn| wÜGl:d

u;jdo

• il ksrela;sh yd uQ, NdId ixl,amh

5. md,s NdIdfõ ffjÈl

iïnkaO;dj

• md,s yd ffjosl NdIdjkays b;sydih

ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ye|skaùula

6. md,s NdIdfõ ixj¾Ok

wjia:d I

• ff..¾f.a NdId hq. j¾.SlrKh


wjia:d II

• ;%smsgl NdIdj yd mYapd;a ;%smsgl

NdIdj

• .d:d NdIdj


wjia:d III

• miq ld,Sk ljH NdIdj

• kQ;k md,s NdIj

9. md,s wlaIr ud,dj ms<sn|

u;jdo

• iïm%odh.; u;jdo

10. md,s wlaIr ud,dfõ m%fNao • nd,dj;drhg wkqj wlaIr m%fNao

11. wCIr W;am;a;s ia:dk • nd,dj;drhg wkqj wlaIr W;am;a;s

ia:dk

12. md,s jHdlrKfhys ikaê I • iajr ikaêh

13. md,s jHdlrKfhys ikaê II • jH[ack

14. md,s jHdlrKfhys ikaê III • ks.a.yS; ikaêh

15. kdu idOkh I • mq,a,sx. kdu jrke.Su

16. kdu idOkh II • b;aÓ ,sx. kdu jrke.Su

17. kdu idOkh III • kmqxil ,sx. kdu jrke.Su

18. ldrl yd úNla;s m%fhda. I • uQ,sl ye|skaùu

19. ldrl yd úNla;s m%fhda. II • ldrl fkdjk úNla;s

20. ldrl yd úNla;s m%fhda. III • ldrl úNla;s yd m%fhda.

21. iudi ye|skaùu • uQ,sl ye|kaùu

22. iudi m%fNao I • iudi m%fNAo

23. iudi m%fNao II • nd,dj;drfhys iudi ú.%yh

24. ;oaê; ye|skaùu • uQ,sl ye|kaùu

58

25. ;oaê; m%fNao • ;oaê; m%fNAo yd nd,dj;drfhys

;oaê; ú.%yh

26. wdLHd; idOkh • nd,dj;drfhys wdLHd; ú.%yh

27. lDoka; ye|skaùu • nd,dj;drfhys lDoka; ú.%yh

28. lsÉp yd ls;l

• lsÉp yd ls;l ms<Sn| uQ,sl

ye|skaùula

29. ksmd; yd Wmi¾. • wjHmo y÷kd .ekSu

30. Wla;dkqla; • Laru ldrl yd l¾;D ldrl


wdldrh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh


mßCIKh ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßlaIKh

,sÅ; mßCIK ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Geiger, W., Pali Literature and Language

2. Law, B.C., History of Pali Literature

3. Hinuber, Oskar, Von., A Hand Book of Pali Literature

4. Perniola, V., Pali Grammar

5. iqux., ysñ" lkaksuyr" md,s NdId úu¾Ykh

6. nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" 2007 md,s idys;Hh" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

7. Perniola, V. 1958, A Grammar of the Pali Language, Colombo.

8. Warder, A.K. 1963, Introduction to Pali Language, London.

9. isßksjdi ysñ" uhs,Efõ" 1992" md,s jHdlrK újrKh" iuhj¾Ok uqøKd,h"

fld<U'

10. mshr;k ysñ" jE.u" 2011" idïm%odhsl md,s jHdlrK" ;rxð m%skag¾ia" uyr.u'

11. úcs;Oïu ysñ" ueo.ïmsáfha" 2014" ;=,kd;aul md,s jHdlrK" weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

59

1 mdGud,d fla;lh PAGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku md,s idys;Hh m%fõYh 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih පළමවk jසර 5 yeòskaùSu

md,s idys;Hh hkq md,s ;%smsglh" wÜGl:d yd àld we;=¨ md,sfhka rÑ; idys;Hdj,shhs'

md,s idys;Hh ixialD; iys;Hh fuka f,!lsl idys;Hhla fkdfõ' th O¾u idys;Hhls'

nqoaO foaYkdj we;=,;a lD;s fukau th w¾: újrKh lrk ,o lD;s o fuys wka;¾.; fõ'

miqld,Skj wd.ñl yd foaYmd,ksl m%jK;d mokï lrf.k f,!lsl ixialD;fha

wdf,dalh o jeàfuka md,sfhka jxil:d fuka u úúO m%lrK .%ka: o rpkd jQ neúka wo

jk úg md,s idys;Hh iqúYd, .%ka:dj,shlska iukaú; fõ' fuu lD;s yeoEÍug fhduq lsÍu

md,s idys;Hh m%fõYh u.ska isÿflfrk w;r md,s idys;Hh ms<sn| o< wjfndaOhla ,nd

oSug tu.ska wfmalaId flf¾'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ke; 7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq

• md,s idys;Hfhys úIh lafIa;% yeòskaùu

• md,s idys;Hh wOHhkfhys jeo.;alu y`ÿkd .ekSu

• md,s idys;Hfhys m%Njh yeòskaùu

• md,s idys;Hfhys ixj¾OkSh wjia:d y`ÿkd .ekSu



• md,s idys;Hfhys úIh lafIa;%h meyeos,s lr .kshs

• md,s idys;Hfhys m%Njh ms<snòj úoaj;=kaf.a u;jdo y`ÿkd .kshs

• md,s idys;Hfhys ixj¾OkSh wjia:d l%uj;aj meyeos,s lr .kshs


1. md,sfhka rÑ; idys;Hdj,sh

y`ÿkd.ekSu

• msgl wkqmsgl .%ka:dj,sh

2. nqoaOjpkh ms<snò j¾.SlrKh • wÜGl:d.; j¾.SlrKhka

3. kjx. i;a:qidikh • kjx. i;a:q idikh ms<sn| nqoaOf>daI

u;jdoh

4. ;s%msglfha ft;sydisl ixj¾Okh • msgl jYfhka fnoSfï ft;sydisl;ajh

5. úkh msglfha wdrïNh yd ixj¾Okh

• Tjdo m%d;sfudalaIh yd wdKd m%d;sfudlaIh

6. iQ;% msglh ye`Èkaúu • iQ;% msglfha wdrïNh 7. oS> ksldh • kdulrKh yd wka;¾.; iQ;%d.;

lreKq ms<sn| úia;rd;aul újrKhla 8. uÊ¯u ksldh • kdulrKh yd wka;¾.; iQ;%d.;

lreKq ms<sn| úia;rd;aul újrKhla

60

9. ixhq;a; ksldh • kdulrKh yd wka;¾.; iQ;%d.;


10. wx.=;a;r ksldh • kdulrKh yd wka;¾.; iQ;%d.;


11. Lqoaol ksldh • kdulrKh yd wka;¾.; iQ;%d.;


12. iQ;% msglfha iQ;% j¾.SlrKh • o< ye|skaùula

13. wNsO¾uh yd wNsO¾u msglh

ms<sn`o u;jdo

• iuqm%odhsl yd kQ;k u;jdo

14. ima;m%lrK .%ka: • o< ye|skaùula

15. uÊ¯u ksldfha n%dyauK j.a.h • wka;¾.; lreKq ms<sn| úia;rd;aul

újrKhla

16. n%yaudhq iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

17. fia, iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

18. wiai,dhk iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

19. f>daGuqL iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

20. pxlS iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

21. Mdiqldß iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

22. Ok[acdks iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

23. jdfiÜG iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

24. iqN iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

25. ix.drj iQ;%h • w¾f:daoaoSmkh

26. uÊ¯u ksldfha iQ;% ix.%y ù

we;s wdldrh

• wka;¾.; lreKq wkqj j.a. úNckh

27. uÊ¯u ksldfha od¾Yksl

b.ekaùï

• iuhdka;r oDIaÁ yd nqÿiufha

od¾Yksl;ajh

28. ks¾ÈIag iQ;%j, tk Wmud yd

l:d Ndú;h

• Tmïu j.a.h weiqßka úia;rd;aul

újrKhla

29. ks¾ÈIag iQ;%j, NdId ffY,Ska

y`ÿkd.ekSu

• Tmïu j.a.h weiqßka úia;rd;aul

újrKhla

30. ks¾ÈIag iQ;%j,ska fy<sjk

iuld,Sk n%dyauK b.ekaùï iy

ta i`oyd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a

úpdrh

• ks.KaGkd: mq;a;f.a wNdjh

• Wmd,s .Dym;shd nqÿirK hdu

• wiai,dhk ;reKhd nqÿirKhdu

61

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh


mßCIKh ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßlaIKh

,sÅ; mßCIK ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. nqoaOo;a; ysñ" fmd,aj;af;a" 2007" md,s idys;Hh" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

2. y;risxy WmdOHdh" md,s idys;Hfhys b;sydih" 2008' ^mßවතදනය; ysßmsáfha m[a[dls;a;s ysñ&" f.dvf.a m%ldYk" fld<U'

3. Geiger, Pali Literature and Language, 1943, University of Calcutta, Calcutta,

4. Bode, Mabel, The Pali Literature of Burma, 1909, London, The Royal Asiatic

Society.

62

01 mdGud,d fla;lh SIGE 1001

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku isxy, idys;H m%fõYh 03 tall w.h 04 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

idys;Hh hkq ljf¾oehs uQ,sl jYfhka y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ,dxflah idys;Hh ms<sn`oj

wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug;a ks¾udKd;aul idys;Hfhys jeo.;a lu wjfndaO lr

.ekSug;a Wmldr jk mdGud,d tallhls



• idys;Hh NdId;aul yd mßl,amkd;aul ks¾ñ;hla yd iudc m%;sìïnk udOHhla f,i y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhd fhduq lsÍu'

• ks¾udKd;aul idys;Hh mßYS,khg yeoEÍug yd we.hSug YsIHhd fhduq lsÍu'

• Ñrka;k isxy, idys;Hfha .uka uÕ yd ikaêia:dk ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd §u'

• kQ;k isxy, idys;Hfha .oH" moH" kdgH hk m%j¾.hkays iqúfYaI;d yd wkkH;d ,laIK ms<sn| wjfndaOhla y÷kd .ksñka ta ms<sn| úpdrd;aul wjfndaOhla ,nd §u'

• idys;Hfhys ks¾udKYS,S .=Kh y÷kd .ksñka idys;H ri úkaokhg úoHd¾Òka fm,Uùu'

• idys;Hl,d úpdr ixl,am ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu yd tu ixl,am wdY%fhka idys;H lD;s úpdrd;aulj we.hSug fhduq lsÍu'



• l,d udOHhla jifhka idys;Hh ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .kS'

• Ñrka;k isxy, idys;Hfha .uka uÕ y÷kd .kS'

• kQ;k isxy, idys;Hfha úfYaI;d yd úúO idys;H m%j¾.hkays wkkH;d ,laIK y÷kd .kS'

• idys;Hh iudc ks¾ñ;hla jifhka y÷kd .ksñka idys;Hh yd iudch w;r iïnkaO;dj jgyd .kS'

• úoHd¾Òkaf.a ks¾udKd;aul Yla;sh yd ri úkaok Yla;sh j¾Okh fõ'

• úpdrfhys yd ri úkaokfhys ksmqK;dj j¾Okh lr .kS'

• NdIdjfndaOh yd w¾:djfndaOh isÿ fõ'



1 idys;Hh hkq l=ula o@ uQ,sl

ixl,am wOHhkh

• idys;Hh ksarjpkh iy war:l:kh

• idys;Hh m%j¾. yd iajrEm

• m%nkaO yd m%nkaO fkdjk idys;Hh

• ks¾udKd;aul idys;Hh

• ldjH fya;=

• mßl,amkh" wmQ¾j;ajh yd iïm%odh

yd kjH;ajh

63

2 NdIdj yd idys;Hh • idys;Hh NdIduh ks¾ñ;hls

• ks¾udKd;aul NdIdj

• Yíod¾: ú.%yh

3 idys;Hh iudch yd

iïm%odh

• idys;Hh yd iudÔh n,fõ.

• idys;Hh iudc mßo¾Ylhla jYfhka

• úúO ft;sydisl wjê yd idys;H

m%j¾.hkays wdrïNh

4 idys;H úpdr ixl,am • fmrÈ. úpdr u;jdo

rijdoh" w,xldrjdoh" èjksjdoh"

jfl%dala;sjdoh yd T!Ñ;Hjdoh ms<sn|

ir, ye|skaùula

• wmrÈ. úpdr u;jdo

• frduekaálajdoh" h:d¾:jdoh yd tys

j¾Okh" udlaiajd§ úpdrh hk

ud;Dld hgf;a o< yeÈkaùula

5 ks¾udKh - iïm%odh yd

ks¾udK miqìu

• idys;Hh yd iudch

• w;aoelSï yd ks¾udK miqìu

• iïm%odh

6 Ñrka;k isxy, isxy,

idys;Hfha wdrïNh yd úldශh

ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ye¢kaùula

• isxy, idys;Hfha wdrïNh yd hq.

fn§u

• hq. ikaêia:dk fia ie,flk idys;H

lD;s ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ye¢kaùula

7 kQ;k isxy, isxy,

idys;Hfha wdrïNh yd úldශh

ms<sn| ixlaIsma; ye¢kaùula

• kjl;dj kue;s idys;Hdx.fha m%Njh

iy úldශh ms<sn`o uQ,sl ye`Èkaùula

• isxy, kjl;dfõ m%Njh" úldශh yd m%jK;d

• isxy, kjl;dfõ wdrïNh yd úldih ms<sn| o< ye`Èkaùula iys;j f;dard.;a kjl;djla ms<sn| úpdrd;aul wOHhkhla ^úNd.fha § ks¾ÈIag kjl;d w;=ßka tlla f;dard .ekSug YsIHhdg ksoyi ;sfí'&

ks¾ÈIag kjl;d hq.dka;h" fyjke,a," ;=x ux yxosh" ß§ ksïkh" rdcmlaI j,õj" w;a; ìf`ohs mh nqref,ka" lkaola .sks weúf<kafka

• ks¾ÈIag kjl;d - ye¢kaùu yd yeoEÍug uÕ fmkaùu

64

8 kQ;k isxy, flál;dj

ms<sn| ye|skaùula

• flál;dj kue;s idys;Hdx.fha

m%Njh iy úldශh ms<sn`o uQ,sl

ye`Èkaùula

• isxy, flál;dfõ m%Njh iy úldශh

9 kQ;k isxy, moHfha m%Njh

yd úldශh ms<sn| ye¢kaùula

• kQ;k ldjHh kue;s idys;Hdx.fha

m%Njh iy úldශh ms<sn`o uQ,sl

ye`Èkaùula

10 kQ;k isxy, ldjHfha

úldශh iy m%jK;d wOHhkh

• fld<U lúfha m<uq ;rx.h

• fld<U lúfha oaú;Sh ;rx.h

• fy< yjq,a lúh

• ksoyia lúfha m%:u ;rx.h

• ksoyia lúfha oaú;Sh ;rx.h

• woH;k isxy, ldjHfha kj m%jK;d

11 isxy, kdgHh ms<sn|

ye|skaùula

• isxy, kdgHfha m%Njh iy úldශh

• kdgH fm< idys;H uQ,dY%hla f,i

12 úpdrh • m%dfhda.sl úpdrh yd ridiajdoh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï mejreï" iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK

,l=Kq (20&

wjidk mÍCIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq (80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ldßhjiï" ;siai" isxy, kdgHfha úldශh " 1983" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U

2. l=,iQßh" wdkkao" isxy, idys;Hh 1" 1961" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u

3. l=,iQßh" wdkkao" isxy, idys;Hh 2" 1962" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u

4. l=,iQßh" wdkkao" isxy, idys;Hh 4" 1997" iS$i^fm!oa& úisÿkq m%ldYlfhda" fndr,eia.uqj

5. .ï,;a" iqpß;" iïNdjH isxy, ldjHfha úldශh " 1998" tia' f.dvf.a" urodk

6. [dKiSy ysñ" fyakamsgf.or" idys;Hh" weï'ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U

7. Èidkdhl" úu,a ks¾udKh yd úpdrh" 2002" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

8. Èidkdhl" úu,a" .sßl=< yd i|u`v," ^m%'uq' 1970&" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U

9. Èidkdhl" úu,a" újdod;aul ,sms " ^m%'uq' 1970& weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

10. rdclreKd" wdßh" kQ;k isxy, ldjHh 1" 1962" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u'

11. rdclreKd" wdßh" kQ;k isxy, ldjHh 2" 1962" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u'

65

12. rejkam;srK" fudksld" kj lú úuiqu" 1977 " m%§m m%ldYlfhda" fld<U

13. úl%uisxy" ud¾áka" idys;H l,dj" 1992" ;sir m%ldYlfhda" fld<U

14. úl%uisxy" ud¾áka" isxy, idys;Hfha ke.Su" 1949" ujqkaÜ hka;%d,h" fld<U

15. úl%uisxy" ud¾áka" kj moH isxy,h" 1956" iuka m%ldYlfhda" uyr.u

16. irÉpkaø tÈßùr" idys;H úoHdj" 1998" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

^m%'uq' 1965&

17. irÉpkaø tÈßùr" l,amkd f,dalh" 2000" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

18. irÉpkaø tÈßùr" isxy, .eñ kdglh" 2015" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U

19. irÉpkaø tÈßùr" isxy, kjl:d b;sydih yd úpdrh f,alayjqia bkafjiaÜukaÜia"

fld<U

20. iqrùr" ta' ù' ks¾udK miqìu" 2000" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

21. iqrùr" ta' ù' idys;H úpdr m%§msld" 2008 " weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda "

fld<U

22. iqrùr" ta' ù' kjl;d ks¾udKh yd wjfndaOh" 1974" weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U

23. iqrùr" ta' ù' isxy, idys;H iïm%odh" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

24. fidar; ysñ" je,súáfha ^j¾Ih fkdi|ykah& idys;H fiajkh" weï'ã' .=Kfiak

iy iud.u" fld<U

25. ymqwdrÉÑ" ã' ù' isxy, kdgH b;sydih" 1981" iS$i f,ala yjqia bkafjiaÜukaÜia

iy iud.u" fld<U

26. wdßhr;ak" iqks,a" kQ;k moH ldjH ixys;d" 2012 weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U

27. lreKdr;ak" l=iqud iy ir;a úfÊiQßh" kj lú ix.%yh ^m%'uq' 1992&" úfÊiQßh

.%ka: flakaøh" fld<U

28. lreKdr;ak" l=iqud iy ir;a úfÊiQßh" isxy, flál;d ix.%yh ^m%'uq' 1991 "

úfÊiQßh .%ka: flakaøh&" fld<U

29. Èidkdhl" úu,a" kj lú ir‚h" fld<U" m%§m m%ldYlfhda'

30. mKaä;" úkaikaÜ iy wyqka.,af,a wreK;s,l" kj moH ud,d 1958" ixialD;sl

lghq;= ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U

31. fmf¾rd" isß,a iS iy ;j;a wh" f;dard .;a isxy, flál;d 1998" ixialD;sl

lghq;= ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

32. nd,iQßh" fidaur;ak" ix.DyS; isxy, flál;d" 1993 iïNdjH m%ldYk" le,‚h'

33. u,,af.dv" mS'" fld<U lú hq.h" 1981" weï'ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U

34. frdayK§r" uekaÈia" f;dard .;a kj isxy, moH rpkd 1998" ixialD;sl lghq;=

ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

66

01 mdGud,d fla;lh SIGE 1002 02 mdGud,d tallfha ku isxy, NdId m%fõYh 03 tall w.h 04 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

úoHd;aul NdId wOHhkfha uQ,sldx. ir, j y÷kajd foñka isxy, NdId jHjydrh

iïnkaO úêu;a wjfndaOhla o isxy, f,aLk jHdlrKh iïnkaO Ydia;%Sh oekqula yd

ksrjoH f,aLk jHdlrKh iïnkaO mßphla o ,nd fohs'



• NdIdj udkjhdf.a ÔjúoHd;aul yd iudc úoHd;aul Wreuhla o ixialD;sl

odhdohla fuka u ixialD;sfha jdylh o m%Odk;u ikaksfõok udOHh o jYfhka

y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhd fhduq lsÍu'

• YsIHhdg jd.aúoHdj fyj;a úoHd;aul NdId wOHhkh iïnkaO uQ,sldx. ms<sn| j

wjfndaOhla ,nd §u'

• NdIdj yd iudc ks¾ñ;hla jifhka y÷kd .ksñka NdIdj uÕska iudch ksrEmKh

jk wdldrh y÷kd .ekSug uÕ fmkaùu'

• NdIKh yd f,aLkh w;r mj;akd iïnkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd §u'

• NdIdj yd jHdlrKh iïnkaO wjfndaOhla ,nd foñka NdId ú.%yh i|yd YsIHhd

fhduq lsÍu'

• isxy, f,aLk jHjydrh ms<sn| Ydia;%Sh oekqula ,nd foñka ksrjoH f,aLk

jHdlrKh iïnkaO mßphla ,nd §u'



• ks¾jpk ud¾.fhka NdIdj ms<sn| úêu;a wjfndaOh ,nd .kS'

• NdIdfõ ixiaÓ;sh" jHQyh yd ld¾h y÷kd .kS'

• ikaksfõok udOHhla jYfhka NdIdfõ jeo.;alu yd m%n,;ajh y÷kd .kS'

• NdIdj iudc ks¾ñ;hla jifhka y÷kd .ksñka NdIdj yd iudch w;r

iïnkaO;dj ms<sn| úoHd;aul wjfndaOhla ,nd .kS'

• NdIKh yd f,aLkh w;r mj;akd wka;¾ iïnkaO;dj jgyd .kS'

• NdId ú.%yfhys uQ,sldx. y÷kd .kS'

• ksrjoH yd iïu; NdId jHjydrh iïnkaO mßphla w;am;a lr .kS'



1 NdIdj hkq l=ula o@ uQ,sl

ixl,am wOHhkh

• NdIdj ( ks¾jpkh iy w¾:l:k

• jd.aúoHd;aul ks¾jpk

2NdIdfõ ixiaÓ;sh" jHQyh yd

ld¾h

• NdIdj ixfla; moaO;shls

• NdIdfõ iudc iïuq;slNdjh

67

• NdIdfõ ld¾h

• NdIdfõ ffjfYaIsl ,laIK

3 NdIdj yd ikaksfõokh

• ikaksfõokh NdIdfõ uqLH ld¾hh nj

• NdIdj ikaksfõokh udOHhla jYfhka Ndú;

jk whqre

• NdISh yd wNdISh ikaksfõokh

• i;a;aj yd udkj ikaksfõok l%u

4 NdIdj iudch yd ixialD;sh

• NdIdj iudc ks¾ñ;hls( NdIdfõ wdrïNh'

• NdIdj wkkH;d ixfla;hls

• NdIdj yd foaYmd,kh

• NdIdj yd NdIdj

• iudc jHdma;sh yd NdIdj

• NdIdj yd cd;sl;ajh

• NdIdj yd ixialD;sh

• NdIdj yd foaYmd,kh

• NdIdj yd iudc b;sydih

• NdIdj yd mqoa., NdIKh

• iudÔh yd m%foaYSh jHjydr m%fNao

• mßñ; yd m%dia;dúl NdId

• l%sfhdaV yd msðka NdId

• NdId oaúrEm;dj yd oaúNdIl;ajh

• iïu; jHjydrh

• idjoH yd ksrjoH jHjydr

5 NdIdj yd f,aLkh • f,aLkfha wdrïNh yd úúO f,aLk l%u

• f,aLkfha úldikh

6 NdId ú.%yh

• NdId ú.%yfha wdkajhsl wkqm%ia;r

• WÉpdrKd;aul Yío úpdrh ms<sn|

ye¢kaùula

• WÉpdrK bkaøsh moaO;sh

7 isxy, j¾Kud,dj wlaIr

f,aLkh yd wlaIr úkHdih

• NdIK isxy, Yío ud,dj yd f,aLk isxy,

wlaIr ud,dj

• wka;¾cd;sl Yíoúpdr j¾Kud,dj yd

Yíodkqf,aLk iïu;

• YíÈu yd WmYío

• wju hq., mÍlaIKh

• wlaIr úkHdi fodaI yd wod< Í;s

68

8 mo idOk úê • kdu" l%shd" wjHh mo m%fNao

• mo idOk fodaI yd wod< Í;s

9 jdlH úkHdi úê

• l%shd ldrl mo iïnkaOh

• Wla; wdLHd; wkqrEm;dj

• Wla;-wkqla; rEm Ndú;h

• l%shd jr keÕSu

• wdkql%ñl mo fhda.h

• jdlH Í;s

10 NdId .=rel=, yd iïu;lrKh

• msßfjka nia jyr

• fy< yjq,

• iïu; isxy, jd¾;dj

• rdcH NdIdj yd cd;sl NdId

• kQ;k isxy, jHjydrh yd zisxy, f,aLk

Í;shZ


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh


mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j" isxy, f,aLk jHjydrh ( WmfoaY ix.%yh" ^2014&"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

2. wrx.," r;akisß" isxy, NdIdfõ b;sydih yd K-k ,-< Ndú;h" ^2003&" weia'

f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

3. lreKd;s,l" ví,sõ' tia'" ^2003& isxy, NdId jHdlrKh" weï' ã" .=Kfiak iy

iud.u" fld<U'

4. l=udr;=x." uqksodi" jHdlrK újrKh" ^1965&" weï' ã" .=Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U'

5. l=udr;=x." uqksodi" l%shd újrKh" ^nq'j'2500&" fla' ta' wdßhodi iy iud.u" fld<U'

6. fldamrfyajd" i|f.dañ" úis jk ishjfia isxy, NdId jHjydrh( iudcjd.aúoHd;aul

wOHhkhla" 2010" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

7. fldamrfyajd" i|f.dañ" NdIdkqrd.fha foaYmd,kh" 1999" weia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

8. fldamrfyajd" i|f.dañ" isxy, ikaê wldrdÈh" 2014" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U'

9. cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" ^1989& isxy, f,aLk Í;sh" kj ixialrKh" 2015 cd;sl

wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u'

10. Èidkdhl" fÊ'î'" NdIdjl Ndú;h yd ú.%yh" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U

69

11. Èidkdhl" fÊ' î'" kQ;k isxy, f,aLk jHdlrKh" iS$i f,ala yjqia bkafjiaÜukaÜia

iud.u" fld<U'

12. Èidkdhl" fÊ' î'" udkj NdId m%fõYh" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

13. O¾uodi" fla' tka' ´'" ^1996& NdIdj yd iudch" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U'

14. O¾uodi" fla' tka' ´'" ^1996& NdId oaúrEm;dj" ixialD;sl lghq;= ms<sn|

fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

15. O¾uodi" fla' tka' ´'" ^1999& oaúNdIl;ajh" ixialD;sl lghq;= ms<sn|

fomd¾;fïka;=j" n;a;ruq,a,'

16. n,.,af,a" úu,a Ô'" ^1995& ^2012& NdId wOHhkh yd isxy, jHjydrh" weia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

70

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh SAGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku ixialD; idys;Hh yd ;§h b;sydih

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

ixialD; idys;H .%ka: yd tu b;sydih ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nkq leu;s Pd;%hka Wfoid

ieliqKq mdGud,djls'ks¾ÈIag ixialD; .%ka: ;%hl f;dard.;a fldgia isxy,hg

mßj¾;kh lrñka tajdfha wka;¾.; lreKq fuysoS ú.%y lefrhs'ixialD; idys;HdrïNfha

isg j¾;udkh olajd lreKq iudf,dapkh isÿ lefrhs'isxy," md,s" ixialD;" yska§"

mqrdúoHdj jeks úIhhka yodrk YsIHhkg jvd;a m%fhdackj;a mdGud,djls'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ixialD; ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ;sîu jeo.;a h'

tfy;a th mQ¾j wjYH;djla fkd fõ' tfyhska

ixialD; ms<sn| mQ¾j oekqula fkdue;s uq;a fuu

mdGud,dj yeoEÍug reÑ Pd;%hkg fuh újD; h'


• isxy," md,s wdÈ NdId idys;Hhkg o wdNdih ,enqKq ixialD; idys;H .%ka: ms<sn| j

uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,ndoSu'

• úoHd¾Òka ;=< ixialD; idys;Hh b;sydih ms<sn| {dk m%j¾Okh'



• ixialD; idys;H .%ka: yd tu b;sydih ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nhs'

• tu idys;Hfha we;s j¾;udk Wmfhda.S;dj wjfndaO fldg .kshs'



1 ixialD; kdgH idys;Hh • ixialD; kdgHfha wdrïNh" ixialD;

kdgH .%ka:

2 Ndif.a kdgH iy

iajmakjdijo;a;h

• Ndif.a kdgl pl%h

• iajmakjdijo;a;fha wka;¾.; lreKq

iudf,dapkh

• iajmakjdijo;a;fha m%:udxlfha uq,a

fldgi mßj¾;kh

3 iajmakjdijo;a;h • iajmakjdijo;a;fha m%:udxlfha fojk fldgi mßj¾;kh

• m%:udxlfha wjidk fldgi mßj¾;kh

71

4iajmakjdijo;a;h • oaú;Shdxlfha m<uq fldgi mßj¾;kh

• oaú;Shdxlfha fojk fldgi mßj¾;kh

• oaú;Shdxlfha f;jk fldgi mßj¾;kh

5iajmakjdijo;a;h • pß; ksrEmKh

• NdIdj yd m%lg jk kdgHuh ,CIK

• Ndif.a lú;ajfha úfYaI;d

6 ixialD; ùrldjH idys;Hh • rdudhKh iy uydNdr;h

• uydNdr;fha wka;¾.; WmdLHdk

7 kf,dmdLHdkh • wka;¾.; lreKq iudf,dapkh

• m%:u i¾.h mßj¾;kh lsÍu

8 kf,dmdLHdkh • fojk i¾.h mßj¾;kh lsÍu

• f;jk i¾.h mßj¾;kh lsÍu

9 kf,dmdLHdkh • i;rjk i¾.h mßj¾;kh lsÍu

• m%Odk pß; yd wjia:d ksrEmKh

10 kf,dmdLHdkh • rpkd ffY,sh

• iudch yd o¾Ykh

11 ixialD; WmfoaY l:d

idys;Hh

• WmfoaY l:d idys;Hfha wdrïNh

• ysf;damfoaYh yd mCoap;ka;%h

12 mCoap;ka;%h • wmÍCIs;ldrlh-l:dj mßj¾;kh lsÍu

iy ridiajdoh


iy ridiajdoh


iy ridiajdoh

15 mCoap;ka;%h • wmÍCIs;ldrlh -l:dj mßj¾;kh lsÍu

iy ridiajdoh

• mCoap;ka;%fha WmfoaY yd tys m%;Shudk

Wmydih

16 ixialD; idys;H b;sydih • ixialD; idys;Hfha wdrïNh" úldYh yd

mßydksh

72

17 ffjÈl idys;H b;syih • ffjÈl idys;Hfha m%Njh ms<sn| úúO

u;

18 ixys;d .%ka: • R.afõoh

• hcq¾fõoh

• idufõoh

• w:¾jfõoh

19 n%dyauK .%ka: • n%dyauK .%ka: y÷kd.ekSu yd wka;¾.;

lreKq

20 wdrKHl .%ka: • wdrKHl .%ka: y÷kd.ekSu yd

wka;¾.; lreKq

21 WmksIoa • WmksIoa .%ka: y÷kd.ekSu yd m%Odk

WmksIoa b.ekaùï

22 ixialD; ùrldjH

idys;Hh

• rdudhKh yd uydNdr;h

• ùrldjH iudch

• ùrldjHj,ska fy<sjk hqoaOfha wdpdr

O¾u

23 ixialD; uydldjH

idys;Hh

• uydldjH ,CIK

• m%Odk uydldjH .%ka:

24 LKav ldjH yd pïmQ

ldjH

• LKav ldjH ,CIK

• m%Odk LKav ldjH .%kaaaaaaa:

• m%Odk pïmQ ldjH .%kaaaaaaa:

25 .oH ldjH • m%Odk .oH ldjH m%fNao

• oYl=udrpß;h" ldoïnßh" jdijo;a;h

26 Y%S ,xldfõ ixialD;

idys;Hh

• wdrïNh yd úldYh

• uydldjH

• jHdlrK

• Y;l

27 Y%S ,dxlsl ixialD;

Ys,df,aLk

• Ys,df,aLk yd tajdfhys wka;¾.;h

y÷kd.ekSu

28 Y%S ,xldfõ ixialD; Ys,am

.%ka: idys;Hh

• ye|skaùu

73

• uxcq Y%S NdIs; jdia;= úoHd yd Ñ;% l¾u

Ydia;%h

• Ydßmq;%h fyj;a ìïnudkh

• ffjchka;s ;ka;%h

29 kQ;k ixialD; idys;Hh • kQ;k ixialD; idys;H fmdaIKhg Wrÿka

f,aLlhka yd Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK

30 20"21 ishjiaj, ixialD;

úoaj;=ka

• 20 jk ishjfiys ixialD; úoaj;=ka

• 21 jk ishjfiys ixialD; úoaj;=ka


wdldrh

foaYk" idlÉPd" ksnkaO mka;s" wka;¾cd, bf.kqï

l%shdldrlï yd ixhqla; ;eá Ndú;h'

^ud¾..; l%uh& foaYk 10 ld,h meh 40 ^04x10&

^foaYk /idlÉPd /lKavdhï jev&

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh wLKav we.hSï ,sÅ; mÍCIKh $ mejereu ,l=Kq ^20& hs

wjidk mßCIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq ^80& hs

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1 Ys,df,aLk ix.%yh idOkd 1965

2. cdklSyrKh O¾udrdu ixialrKh

3. .=ref.a" wdkkao ví"mS' ,xldfõ ixialD;

4. rdudhKhd;%d" rKisxy" iuka pkaø

5. rdjK" rKisxy" iuka pkaø'

6. hqoaO wdpdr O¾u" rKisxy" iuka pkaø

7. rdudhKh" Ô' tia' î' fiakdkdhl

8. uxcqY%S NdIs;jdia;=úoHd Ydia;%" B'ví' udrisxy" mshisß ms%kaáka isiagï" kqf.af.dv" 1993

9. uxcqY%S NdIs;Ñ;%l¾u Ydia;%" mß( B'ví' udrisxy" ta' wd¾' m%skag¾ia" È,a,s" 1991

10. Satyasuri A Critical Study of Janakiharana, Nirman Prakashan, Delhi, 1984

11. Pannasara Thero, Dehigaspe. Sanskrit Literature in Ceylon

12. ixialD; kdgH b;sydih' chfoaj ;s,lisß' fld<U" 1971

13. ta'î' lS;a" ixialD; ldjH idys;Hh" mß' Ô'tia'î' fiakdkdhl" fld<U' 1969

14. frd,skaika" tÉ' mS' Ndr;Sh ixialD;sl b;sydih" පර; mrjdyer m[a[dkkao ysñ iy

ta'ã' fjof.a" fld<U" 1961

15. History of Sanskrit Literature, S.K. De, Calcutta, 1947

16. History of Sanskrit Literature, A.B. Keith, OUP. Chap. iii, iv, xi

74

1 mdGud,d fla;lh SAGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku ixialD; jHdlrKh

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

ixialD; uq, isg yodrkq leu;s úoHd¾Òka i|yd ilia jQjls' isxy," md,s" ixialD;" yska§"

mqrdúoHdj jeks úIhka yodrk YsIHhkg jvd;a m%fhdackj;a h'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ixialD; ms<sn| j uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ;sîu jeo.;a h'

tfy;a th mQ¾j wjYH;djla fkdfõ' tfyhska

ixialD; ms<sn| mQ¾j ±kqula fkdue;s jqj;a fuu

mdGu,dj yeoEÍug reÑ Pd;%hkg fuh újD; h'


• ixialD; NdIdfõ uQ,sl jHdlrKh ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nhs'

• ir, ixialD; .%ka: ms<sn| lshjd wjfndaOh we;s fldg .kshs'



• kd.Í wCIr ,sùfï yd lshùfï yelshdj we;s fldg .kshs'

• uQ,sl ixialD; jHdlrK úê ms<sn| ±kqu ,nhs'

• ir, ixialD; .%ka: lshjd wjfndaO fldg .kshs'



1 ixialD; NdIdj • ixialD; NdIdfõ wdrïNh yd ta ms<sn|

úúO u;

2 kd.Í wCIr • wCIr mqyqKqj iajr yd jHCoack

3 kd.Í wCIr

• wCIr j¾.SlrKh

• iajr m%fNao

• jHCoack m%fNao

4 ixhqla;dCIr • ixhqla;dCIr ,sùu ms<sn| Í;s iy

ixhqla;dCIr mqyqKqj

5 mo j¾.SlrKh • p;=¾úO mo ye|skaùu ^kdu mo" l%shd mo"

Wmi¾. mo" ksmd; mo&

6 kdu mo • iajrdka; mqreI ,sx. iy ia;%S ,sx.

7 kdu mo • iajrdka; kmqxil ,sx. iy i¾j kdu

75

8 úNla;s iy úNla;s m%fhda. • m%:ud úNla;s m%fhda.

• oaú;Shd úNla;s m%fhda.

• ir, jdlH mßj¾;k

9 úNla;s iy úNla;s m%fhda. • ;D;Shd úNla;s m%fhda.

• p;=¾Ó úNla;s m%fhda.


10 úNla;s iy úNla;s m%fhda. • mCoapó úNla;s m%fhda.

• IIaÁ úNla;s m%fhda.

• ima;ó úNla;s m%fhda.


11 Od;= jrke.Su • Od;= .K y÷kd.ekSu

• 1" 4 jk .Kj,g wh;a Od;=

12 Od;= jrke.Su • 6" 10 jk .Kj,g wh;a Od;=

13 oY ,ldr • oY ,ldr ye|skaùu

• tys m%fNao

14 oY ,ldr • ,Ü yd f,daÜ jrke`.Su

• ir, jdlH f.dvke`.Su

15 oY ,ldr • ,Ù yd úê,sÙ jrke`.Su

• ir, jdlH f.dvke`.Su

16 iJê úê • iJê úê ^f,dam" wdfoaY wd.u wdÈh&

17 iJê úê • iajr iJê úê

18 iJê úê • jHCoack iJê úê

19 iJê úê • úi¾. iJê úê

20 iJê úê • iJê úê ms<sn| wNHdi

21 lDoka; • lDoka; m%fNao ye`Èkaùu

22 lDoka; • w;S; lDoka; mo idOkh

• lDoka; mo fhdackh

23 lDoka; • j¾;udk lDoka; mo idOkh


76

24 lDoka; • wkd.; lDoka; mo idOkh


25 mQ¾jl%shd • Fjd m%;Hdka; mQ¾jl%shd

• fidami¾. mQ¾jl%shd

• Wmi¾. mo fhdackh

26 iudi • iudi ye|skaùu

• tys m%fNao

27 iudi • wjHhSNdj iudih

• l¾uOdr iudih

28 iudi • oaú.= iudih

• ;;amqreI iudih

29 iudi • oajkaoaj iudih

• nyqù%yS iudih

30 mßj¾;k wNHdi • ir, ixialD; mdG isxy,hg mßj¾;kh lsÍu

• ir, isxy, mdG ixialD;hg mßj¾;kh lsÍu


foaYk" idlÉPd" ksnkaO mka;s" wka;¾cd, bf.kqï l%shdldrlï yd ixhqla; ;eá Ndú;h'

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï ,sÅ; mÍCIKh $ mejereu - ,l=Kq 20 hs

wjidk mßCIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq 80 hs

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ir, ixialD; YslaIlh n<kaf.dv wdkkao ffuf;%h udysñ

2. ir, ixialD; YslaIlh 11" n<kaf.dv wdkkao ffuf;%h udysñ

3. ixialD; YslaIlh - m%:u mqia;lh" tï'tÉ't*a' chiQßh

4. ixialD; YslaIlh 11" tï'tÉ't*a' chiQßh"

5. nd,do¾Yh

6. m%:udo¾Yh

7. iqrNdr;S" ví' tia' lreKd;s,l

8. ixialD; m%:u mqia;lh" wd¾'Ô" NKavd¾ld¾ mß' mrjdyer m[a[dkkao ysñ

9. wdOqksl ixialD; jHdlrKh" ta' ta' uelafvdk,a"

10. Sanskrit Grammar by W.D Whitny, Delhi, 2000.

77

01 mdGud,d fla;lh CUGE 1003 02 mdGud,d tallfha ku ixialD;sl wOHhk m%fõYh 03 tall w.h 04 04 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 05 ye`Èkaùu

ixialD;sh ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla yd oekqula ,nd .; yels" ld,Sk jYfhka o jeo.;a

mdGud,djls' ixialD;sh ms<sn| úúO ks¾jpk" úúO ixialD;s iy ixialD;sl iyÔjkh

ms<sn| oekqj;a flfrk fuu mdGud,dj udkjYdia;% fuka u iudÔhúoHd úIh

lafIa;%hkays úoHd¾Òkg o jeo.;a mdGud,djls'

06 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d ke;'


• ixialD;sh hk moh ú.%y lsÍu" ixialD;sfhys uQ,sl ,laIK yd ixl,am

wOHhkh lsÍu'

• m%d:ñl yd kd.ßl YsIagdpdrhkays ixialD;s y`ÿkd .ekSu'

• .egqï ksrdlrKh yd ixialD;sl iyÔjkh ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu'

• kj ixialD;sl m%jK;d yd ixialD;sl wkkH;d ms<sn| wOHhkh lsÍu'



• f,dalfha úúO ixialD;Ska y÷kd .ksñka tajd w.h lrhs'

• m%d:ñl yd kd.ßl YsIagdpdrhkays ixialD;Ska ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .kshs'

• ixialD;Ska ms<sn| jk bf.kSu .egqï ksrdlrKh fldg ixialD;sl iyÔjkh

Wfoid Ndú; l< yels nj wjfndaO fldg .kshs'

• kj ixialD;sl m%jK;d yd ixialD;sl wkkH;d y÷kd .kshs'



01 ixialD;sh ye|skaùu • ixialD;sh ye|skaùu

• ixialD;sh ms<sn| ks¾jpk

02 ixialD;sh ms<sn| fnoSï • fN!;sl yd wfN!;sl ixialD;sh" uyd

ixialD;sh" WmixialD;sh" úfrdaë ixialD;sh

03 ixialD;sh yd iudch • ixialD;sh" iudch yd mßirh

• ixialD;sfha ,laIK yd lD;Hhka

• ixialD;sh ms<sn| u;jdo yd kHdh

04 ixialD;sh ms<sn| ixl,am • ixialD;sh yd iïnkaO ixl,am wOHhkh I

05 ixialD;sh ms<sn| ixl,am • ixialD;sh yd iïnkaO ixl,am wOHhkh II

07 ixialD;sh ms<sn| ixl,am • ixialD;sh yd iïnkaO ixl,am wOHhkh III

78

08 udkj YsIagdpdr yd ixialD;s

• ixialD;sh" iNH;ajh iy YsIagdpdrh hk

ixl,am wOHhkh

• udkj YsIagdpdr f.dvke.Su yd ixialD;sl

,laIK

09 kd.rsl YsIagdpdr iy ixialD;s

• bmerKs kd.ßl YsIagdpdrhkays ixialD;s

wOHhkh

10 kj ixialD;sl m%jK;d yd

wkkH;d

• ixialD;sl .;sl;ajh

• ixialD;sl f,dal yd ixialD;sl jHdmdr

• .eñ iudch yd ixialD;sh

• ckm%sh ixialD;sh

11 ixialD;sl úúO;ajh • ixialD;sl úúO;ajh

• .egqï ksrdlrKh yd ixialD;sl iyÔjkh



wLKav we.hSï iajdëk mejreu fyda ksnkaOh

iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. .=Kisxy" wdkkao' ^1992&" ixialD;sl yd fi!kao¾h wOHhk m%fõYh" .xf.dvú,( mshisß ms%kaáka isiagïia'

2. .=Kisxy" wdkkao' ^2012&"Ydka;s l¾u frda. jHqmYuk úê yd nqÿ iuh" fld<U( l¾;D m%ldYk

3. m,a,sh.=re" pkaøisß' ^2000&" ixialD;sfha iudc uqyqKqjr" fld<U(isß.=re m%ldYk'

4. úl%uisxy" ud¾áka' ^1987&" udkj úoHdj yd isxy, ixialD;sh" fld<U( ;sir m%ldYlfhda'

5. fifkúr;ak" wkqrdO' ^1996&" ixialD;sh yd iudch " fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

6. fifkúr;ak" wkqrdO" ^1997&" ixialD;sh yd l,d Ys,am" fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

7. fyar;a" iuka;'^2009&" f.da,ShlrKh ixialD;sh yd ikaksfõokh" fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

8. Herskovites, (1958), Melville J, Cultural Anthropology, New Delhi : Oxford and

IBH Publishing Cooperation

9. Kroeber and Kluckhorn, (1963), Culture: New York ,Vitage Books.

79

01 mdGud,d fla;lh CUGE 1004

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku fi!kao¾h wOHhk m%fõYh

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`Èkaùu

fi!kao¾hh ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla iy ye`.Sula ,nd .; yels ld,Sk jYfhka o

jeo.;a jk mdGud,djls' fi!kao¾hh ms<sn| úúO ks¾jpk" úúO u;jdo" ms<sn| oekqj;a

flfrk fuu mdGud,dfjka YsIH m%cdfõ riúkaok YlH;d m%j¾Okh o wfmalaId lef¾'

udkjYdia;% fuka u iudÔhúoHd úIh lafIa;%hkays úoHd¾Òkg o jeo.;a mdGud,djls'



• fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj ú.%y lsÍu'

• fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj ms<sn| ks¾jpk yd u;jdo wOHhkh lsÍu'

• riúkaok YlH;d m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

• .egqïj,ska f;dr iyÔjk iudchla Wfoid l,dj Ndú; lsÍu'



• fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj ú.%y lsÍu ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nhs'

• fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj ms<sn| ks¾jpk yd u;jdo ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nhs'

• ish riúkaok YlH;d jeä ÈhqKq lr.kshs'

• .egqïj,ska f;dr iyÔjk iudchla Wfoid l,dj Ndú; l< yels wdldrh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla ,nhs'



01 fi!kao¾hh ú.%yh • fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj hk ixl,am

y÷kd .ekSu

02 fi!kao¾hh yd l,dj ms<sn| u;jdo I • fi!kao¾hh ms<sn| fmrÈ. yd wmrÈ.

w¾: ksrEmK

03 fi!kao¾hh yd ldjHh • ldjH úpdrjdo y÷kd .ekSu

• w,xldr" Í;s" ri" èjks" jfl%dala;s"

T!Ñ;H

04 fi!kao¾hh yd ldjH úpdrjdo • w,xldrjdoh iy Í;sjdoh ms<sn|

ikso¾Yk ú.%y

05 fi!kao¾hh yd ldjH úpdrjdo • rijdoh iy èjksjdoh ms<sn| ikso¾Yk

ú.%y

06 uOH jdr mÍlaIKh • mejreu fyda ksnkaOh wjika lsÍu'

80

07 fi!kao¾hh yd ldjH úpdrjdo • jfl%dala;sjdoh iy T!Ñ;Hjdoh ms<sn|

ikso¾Yk ú.%y

08 fi!kao¾hh yd m%dix.sl l,d I • m%dix.sl l,dj yd ix.S;h

• ix.S; ridiajdoh

09 fi!kao¾hh yd m%dix.sl l,d II • m%dix.sl l,dj yd k¾;kh

• k¾;k ridiajdoh

10 fi!kao¾hh yd m%dix.sl l,d III • m%dix.sl l,dj yd kdgH l,dj

• kdgH ridiajdokh

11 fi!kao¾hh yd oDYH l,d I • Ñ;%" uQ¾;s iy leghï



wLKav we.hSï iajdëk mejreu fyda ksnkaOh

iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. .=Kisxy" wdkkao" ^1992&" ixialD;sh yd fi!kao¾hh wOHhk m%fõYh" .xf.dvú,(

mshisß ms%kaáka isiagïia'

2. ch;=x." ux.,sld"^2008&"m%dix.sl l,d" lvj;"l¾;D m%ldYk

3. fifkúr;ak" wkqrdO" ^1997&" ixialD;sh yd l,d Ys,am" fld<U( weia' f.dvf.a

iy ifydaorfhda'

4. fidaudrdu ysñ" .,a.uqfõ"^1952&" l,dj yd úoHdj" le<Ksh:

5. m[a[dls;a;s ysñ ysrsmsáfha" ^2002&" Ndr;Sh rx.k l,dj yd Nr;uqks" fld<U'

6. udrisxy fjd,ag¾"^mß'& ^1994&" Nr;uqks m%KS; kdgH Ydia;%h" m%:u Nd.h"

.xf.dvú," kqf.af.dv'

7. iqrùr ta'ù'^mß'&^1984&" weßiafgdag,a ldjH Ydia;%h" fld<U:

8. is.,aia wd¾'t,a' ^mß'& iqrùr ta'ù'"^2001& weßiafgdag,a yd Nr;" kqf.af.dv:

9. fgda,aiafgdahs ,sfhda" What is art,.%ka:fha isxy, wkqjdoh"^1987&

10. ta'ù'iqrùr ^mß& l,dj hkq l=ulao@" fld<U

81

1 mdGud,d fla;lh ANGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj ye`Èkaùu

3 tall w.h 04


5 yeòskaùSu

udkj úoHdj hkq ñksid ms<sn|j lrkq ,nk mQ¾K wOHhkhls' ñksia j¾.hd ms<sn|j úoHd;aul yeoErSula fï u.ska isÿ fõ' udkj úoHdj ukqIH;ajh ms<sn| lrkq ,nk wOHhkhla f,io udkj úoHd{fhda y÷kaj;s' ta wkqj udkj úoHdfõ we;s mD:q, iajNdjh i,ld n,kúg fmkS hkafka ñksid iy Tyqf.a ish¨ ks¾udK ms<sn| wOHhkh udkj úoHdj njhs' udkj úoHdjg §¾> b;sydihla ;sfí' udkj úoHdj hkak w;S;fha w¾:l:kh lr ;snqfKa j¾;udkfha mj;akd mD:q, w¾:fhka fkdfõ' l%udkql+,j ixúOdkd;aulj iy úoHd;aul iajrEmhlska udkj úoHdj ìysjQfha 18 jk ishjfia § h' ft;sydisl ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj ìysùu ft;sydislj i,l=Kq lrkafka hqfrdamSh hg;aúð; jHdma;sh iu`.h' udkj ixialD;ska ms<sn| Ydia;%Sh wOHhkh ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj f,i ye¢kafõ' idxialD;sl udkj úoHdjg wh;a úIh lafIa;% .Kkdjls' th m%Odk jYfhka mqrd úoHdj" jd.a úoHdj" udkj jxY úoHdj wdÈ jYfhka mD:q,j j¾.SlrKh flf¾' fuys§ udkjhdf.a w;S;h yd j¾;udk ixialD;Ska ms<sn| .eUqßka yodrkq ,efí' fï u.ska udkj ixialD;Skaj, iïNjh" mßKduh yd b;sydih imqrd yeoEÍfï jEhul fhoS isáhs' by; i|yka wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu Wfoid udkj úoHdj idl,H m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lrhs'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d fuu mdGud,dj yeoEÍu iòyd imqrd,sh hq;= mQ¾j wjYH;djla fkdue;'


• udkj iajNdjh yd udkj p¾hdj ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,ndo’u

• udkj Ñka;kh yd ñksia b;sydih ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,ndo’u

• ñksidf.a øjHd;aul fukau øjHd;aul fkdjk ksmehqï wdÈh ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd§u

• udkj iudc úúO;ajh yd ixialD;Ska ms<sn| ±kqu ,ndo’u

• ukqIHhd iïnkaOj ishü ixialD;sl wxY ms<sn| mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,ndo’u isÿ fõ'


fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska; • ixialD;sl udkj úoHdfõ ft;sydisl miqìu ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,eîu'

• ixialD;sl udkj úoHdfõ úIh lafIa;%h ms<sn| mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,eîu'

• ixialD;sl udkj úoHdfõ mqfrda.dó wdÑ¾K l,ams; udkj úoHd{hka ms<sn| wjfndaOhla yd úIhdkqnoaOj uQ,sl ixl,am ms<sn| .eUqre wjfndaOhla ,eîu isÿ fõ'



1 ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj

ye¢kaùu yd úldYh

• yeòskaùu

2 ixialD;sl udkj úoHdfõ

Wm úIhh lafIaa;%

• udkj úoHd;aul mqrd úoHdj

• udkj jxY úoHdj

• jd.a úoHdj

• wd¾Ól yd foaYmd,k udkj úoHdj

82

• wd.u ms<sn| udkj úoHdj

• ixfla;d;aul udkj úoHdj

• ckY%e;sh yd udkj úoHdj

• ffjoH udkj úoHdj

3udkj úoHdj m%dfhda.slj

Ndú;hg .ek’u

• wms%ldj" bkaÈhdj" ,xldj wdÈ rgj,a

weiqfrka

4 ixialD;sh yd fm!reI;aj

wOHhkh

• ud.rÜ óâ" rE;a fnkäla wd§kaf.a wOHhk

weiqfrka

5 udkj ixialD;sh

• ye¢kaùu

• ixialD;sh ms<snò ks¾jpk

• ixialD;sh ms<sn| m%Odk fn§ï yd ixl,am

6 mjq, yd újdy l%u" foam<

• úia;dß; mjq," kHIaál mjq," noaO mjq,"

ud;DuQ,sl mjq," ms;DuQ,sl mjq,

• ;rjoa újdyh" wejeiai {d;s újdy" tlf.hs

lEu" o’. újdy" ìkak újdy" N%dka;S% irK

yd foajrirK újdy" uõ mi foam<" msh mi

foam<

7 {d;S;aj wOHhk yd {d;s

l%u

• ud;D md¾Yaùh yd ms;D md¾Yaùh {d;s;ajh"

jxYh" mrïmrdj l=iUqre iïnkaO;d"

jHNspdÍ ;yxÑ" {d;s mo ud,d

8 wd.u yd wNspdr

• wd.u wNspdr ye`Èkaùu" wd.u yd wNspdr

ms<snò ks¾jpk

• m%dK jdoh" nyq foaj jdoh" tal foaj jdoh"

wd;aujdoh" uk ixl,amh" l¿ wNspdr

^úkdYldÍ wNspdr&" iqÿ wNspdr ^wdrlaIK

wNspdr&" ksIamdok wNspdr

• wd.u iy wNspdr w;r we;s iu úiu;d

• wd.u iy wNspdrj, we;s iudc ld¾hNdrh

9 oajdr l¾u yd ne`È foia

úfoia isß;a úß;a ms<snò udkj

úoHdj

• Wm;" jeäúh meñK’u" újdyh" urKh

10 f.da;%sl iudcj, ,laIK

y÷kd.ekSu yd m%d:ñl

w¾:l%uh

• fmd,sk’ishdkq yd fg%daì%hdkq w¾: l%u

11 .eñ iudch yd ixialD;sh

• .eñ iudch yd ixialD;sfha ,laIK" frdnÜ frâ*S,aâ f.a pQ, iïm%odh yd uyd iïm%odh ixl,amh" .eñ iudcfhys fjkiaùï

83

12 Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl

pdß;% jdß;%

• jej" l=Uqr" lu;" fyak jgd ne`È pdß;%

13 foia úfoia f.da;%sl

iudc$úfYaI WmixialD;s ork

iudc¡

• f.da;s%l iudchla hkq l=ulao@

• jeÈ" lskakr" wys.=KaGsl" frdã ck;dj"

ks;a;Efjda

• kQj¾" äkaldjre" wrekagd" tialsfuda" ol=Kq

weursldkq f.da;% ^hd.ka" wmdÑhkajre&

u´ßjre" bkaÈhdkq f.da;s%l ck;dj ^kdh¾"

f;davd" ysudp,a f.da;s%lfhda &

14 udkj úoHdfõ

mqfrda.dñfhda

• B' î' ghs,¾" î ue,sfkdõials" /âla,s*a

n%jqka" ud.rÜ óâ" rE;a fnkaälaÜ" fïß

v.a,ia" f¾ukaâ *¾;a" fÊïia f*ai¾" wd¾'

wd¾' uerÜ" uelaia .a,laudka" m%dkaia fndahia"

f,ia,s jhsÜ" la,dla úia,¾" ta' t,a' fl%dan¾"

B' wd¾' ,’É" kQ¾ hd,audka" Y’% ksjdia

15 Y’% ,dxflah udkj

úoHd{fhda iy YS% ,xldj

w<,d udkj úoHd;aul

wOHhk isÿ l< udkj

úoHd{fhda

• /,a*a m’ßia" .Kkd: Tfífialr" kkaofoaj

úfÊfialr" tÉ' Ô' ;ïnhshd" rd>jdka"

rdhka" fi,s.audka" kkaofiak r;akmd,"

uhsl,a frdnÜia" uhsl,a taïia" yEkaia vhsg¾

Bj¾ia


wdldrh

foaYk yd iïuka;%K" w;a m;s%ld" Power Point

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11 we.hSï l%ufõoh uOH jd¾Isl we.hSu$wjidk jd¾Isl we.hSu

wLKav we.hSï ksnkaOkh ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßCIKh wOHhk j¾Ih wjidkfhys fmkS isák m%Yak m;%h

i|yd ,l=Kq ^80&la fokq ,efí'

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. wurfialr" ohd" 1999" iudc udkj úoHdj" wdßh m%ldYlfhda" jdßhfmd,'

2. wdßhmd," weï' î' 1956" uOHld,Sk ,xld iudch" fld<U'

3. úfÊfialr" kkaofiak" 1955" ,xld ck;dj" fld<U'

4. úu,jxY ysñ" noafoa.u" 1954" wfma ixialD;sh" fld<U'

5. r;akmd," kkaofiak" 2001" udkj úoHdj" wdßh m%ldYlfhda" jrldfmd,'

6. r;akmd," kkaofiak" 1995" ckY%e;s úoHdj" f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda" urodk'

7. fmf¾rd" fgksika" 2002" udkj úoHd yd iudc úoHd m%fõYh" f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda'

84

8. iurfialr" fiamd," 2000" Y%S ,xldfõ m%d:ñl iudc" fld<U'

9. iurfialr" fiamd," 2001" udkj úoHdfõ uQ,O¾u" l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

10. chisß" chka;" tÈßisxy" 2009" wkQId" ol=Kq wdishdj ms<sn| udkj úoHdj'

11. ch;s,l" foaúld" hidxc,S" 2007" u,ajr isß;" l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

12. ch;s,l" foaúld" hidxc,S" 2012" wdÈjdi’ iudc I, l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

13. ch;s,l" foaúld" hidxc,S" 2012" wdÈjdi’ iudc II, l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

14. ch;s,l" foaúld" hidxc,S" 2010" f,dj jgd u,ajr isß;a" u,s¥j m%ldYkhls"

n;a;ruq,a,'

15. r;akdhl wfí" 1999" iudc úoHd udkj úoHd kHdh I fldgi" l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

16. Colman, Simon and Helan, 1992, Wolson, Introduction to Anthropology,

London.

17. Evens, Pritchard, E.E., 1979, Social Anthropology, New York.

18. Fried, John, 1951, Cultural Anthropology, New York.

19. Lowie R. H., 1920, Primitive Society New York.

20. Tylor, Edward,1871, Primitive Culture, London.

21. Barnow, Victor, 1982, Ethnology, Homewood, Illinois, USA.

85

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh ANGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku fN!;sl udkj úoHdj ye¢kaùu 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

udkj úoHdj hkq" ñksid ms<sn|j wOHhkh lsrSuhs' fuysoS ñksidg jeo.;a jk yd

wod< jk ish¨u wxYhka Tiafia wOHhkhka isÿlrkq ,nhs' tkï Tjqkaf.a p¾hdj"

NdIdj" wdl,am" {d;S;ajh b;sydih" ixialD;sh" m%d.a b;sydih" l,dj" wd.u" ;dlaIKh

ñka iuyrls' udkj úoHdfõ úfYaI;ajh jkafka ñksidf.a fuu wfN!;sl iajNdjh

fukau fN!;sl iajNdjh ms<sn|j o yeoEÍuhs' tkï ñksidf.a fN!;sl foayh ms<sn|j o

wOHhkh lrk w;r ta ;=<g ñksidf.a mrsKduh" ñksid j¾;udk rEmdldrhg meñKqk

wdldrh iy ta i|yd odhl jQ mrsKdóh yd mdrsirsl idOl" Tjqkaf.a foay ú,dih" reêr

.K iy wfkl=;a wKql úoHd;aul wOHhkhka o isÿ flf¾' udkj úoHdj wOHhkh

lsrSfïoS ñksid mQ¾K f,iu wOHhkhg n÷ka lsrSu isÿlrkjd hehs lshkafka tneúks'

ñksidf.a fN!;sl iajNdjh wOHhkh lsÍfï § uQ,slj u ñksid i;a;ajhl= f,i

i,lhs' tkï ñksid fndfyda YdrSrsl ,laIKj,ska i;a;ajhkag iudk jk kuq;a

Tjqkaf.a ixialD;sl wx.hka udkj iudcfha lemSfmfkk f,i j¾Okh ù we;s neúka

wfkl=;a i;a;ajhkag jvd oshqKq ;;a;ajhlg m;aj we;' tneúka fN!;sl udkj úoHdj

wOHhkfhaoS m%Odk lafIa;% folla Ndú; lrk w;r" tajd udkj úúO;ajh yd udkj

mrsKduh f,i kï lr we;'

udkj úúO;ajh wOHhkfhaoS j;auka ñksiqka fmkajk rEmSh úúO;ajh;a idlÉPd lrkq

,efí' ñksiqka úúO wdldrfha rEmSh ,laIK fmkakqï lrhs' tajd Tjqkaf.a ndyssrska

fmkajk fjkialï jk foay m%udKh" ifï j¾Kh" ysifliaj, j¾Kh" iajNdjh jeks

oE fukau wNHka;r ,laIK jk reêr .Kj, fjkialï iy wfkl=;a wNHka;r

fjkialï m%uqL fõ' fuysoS fN!;sl udkj úoHd{fhda fuu wNHka;r yd ndysr

fjkialïj,g fya;= fiùu i|yd m¾fhaIKj, ksr; fj;s'

udkj mrsKduh hk úIh lafI;%h hgf;a udkjhdf.a mrsKduh ms<sn| idlÉPd flf¾'

fuysoS udkj jdkr in|;dj iy udkj mQ¾jchka wOHhkhg n÷ka flf¾' fuhg

wu;rj fN!;sl udkj úoHdfõ we;s jHjydrsl úIh lafI;%hka jk wêlrK udkj

úoHdj" m%sudgd úoHdj hk úIh lafI;%hka o idlÉPd flf¾'



• fuys m%Odk mrud¾:h jkafka fN!;sl udkj úoHdfõ úIh lafI;%" b;sydih

iy j¾;udk mj;sk ;;a;ajh olajd j¾Okh jQ wdldrh ms<sn| mq¿,a

wjfndaOhla ,nd oSuh'

• thg wu;rj udkjhdf.a cSj úoHd;aul úúO;ajh idlÉPd lsrSu'

86

• udkj mrsKduh yd ta iïnkaOfhka we;s kHdhhka o udkj mQ¾jchka ms<sn|

wjfndaOhlao ,nd oSu'

• ñksia fkdjk m%sudgdjka iy Tjqkaf.a mrsKduh o" udkj mrsKduhg Tjqkaf.a

odhl;ajh myodoSu'

• ñksia iudcj, fmkakqï lrk j¾.fNaojdoh iy thg fya;= úuiSu'

• ñksid ish mrsirhg olajk fN!;sl wkqj¾;khka wOHhkh lsrSu'

• Y%S ,xldfõ fN!;sl udkj úoHd m¾fhaIKhka ms<sn| oekqïj;a lsrSu'



• isiqkag fN!;sl udkj úoHdfõ wdrïNh" úldYh" tys j¾;udk ;;a;ajh olajd jQ

j¾Okh iy úIh lafIa;%h ms<sn| mq¿,a oekqula ,nd.; yels fõ'

• udkjhka iy jdkrhka w;r we;s iïnkaO;d yd mrsKdóh nkaOq;d y÷kd.;

yelsùu'

• udkj úúO;ajh" j¾.fNaojdoh ms<sn| we;s úoHd;aul kHdhka iy ixl,am

f;areï .ekSu'

• ñksid ish úúO mrsir ;;a;ajhkag fN!;sl jYfhka wkqj¾;kh fjñka"

mdrsirsl .eg¨j,g uqyqK foñka f,dj mqrd id¾:lj jHdma; jQ wdldrh

oek.ekSu'

• Y%S ,xldfõ úiQ wdos udkjhka iy Tjqkaf.a ixialD;sl miqìu" Tjqka yd f,dalfha

jHdma;j isá wfkl=;a udkjhkaf.a wka;¾ iïnkaO;dj wjfndaO lr .ekSug

yelshdjla ,eîu'



1. fN!;sl udkj úoHdfõ

wdrïNh yd úldYkh

• ye`oskaùu

2. fN!;sl udkj úoHd úIh

lafIa;%hka

• mdIdKsOd;= úoHdj

• wia:s cSj úoHdj yd udkj wia:s ñ;sh

• wêlrK udkj úoHdj

• m%sudgd úoHdj

• udkj cSj úoHdj

• m%d.a jHdêfõoh

3. udkj iïNjh ms<sn| mQ¾j úoHd;aul Ñka;khka

• uejqï jdoh

• ridhksl mßKdu jdoh

• iajhx isoaê ckkjdoh

• fldiafudfidhsla jdoh

• jHik jdoh

87

4. mrsKdóh uQ,O¾u

• mrsKduh isÿjQ njg we;s idlaIs

• mrsKdóh jdo

• -,eudla jdoh

• -vdúka jdoh

• -kj vdúka jdoh

5. udkj úúO;ajh

• úis jk Y;j¾Ifha jd¾.sl ixl,am

• talckk jdoh" nyqckk jdoh

• ifï j¾Kh

• nyqrEmS;dj-reêr .K

• ,elafgdaia W!k;dj

• isl,afi,a wekSñhdj iy ;e,iSñhdj

6. ukqIH m%cdjkaf.a oelsh yels

cSj úoHd;aul wkqj¾;k

• wkqj¾;k ;,hka

• WIaK foaY.=Khg yd iS; foaY.=Khg

we;s wkqj¾;k

• foay m%udKh iy yevh

• Wia ìï m%foaYj, cSj;a ùSu

• fmdaIK W!k;d

7. m%sudgdjka

• m%sudgd j¾.SlrKh

• m%sudgd ,laIK

• m%sudgd iudc ixúOdk rgd

• m%sudgd mrsKduh

8. udkj mrsKduh

• Sahelanthropus tchadensis

• Ardipithecus ramidus

• Australopithecus anamensis

• Australopithecus aferensis

• Australopithecus africanus

• Australopithecus garhi

9. fydafuda udkjhdf.a

iïm%dma;sh

• Homo habilis ^YlH udkjhd&

• Homo erectus^>Dcq udkjhd&- fN!;sl yd øjHd;aul ixialD;sh

• Archaic Homo sapiens- kshekav;d,a

udkjhd

• Neanderthal behavior- kshekav;d,a

udkjhdf.a yeisrSu

• Material culture - øjHd;aul ixialD;sh

88

10 kQ;k udkjhdf.a iïNjh yd

jHdma;sh

• nyq m%dfoaYSh iïNjh

• tal m%dfoaYSh iïNjh

11 cSj ixialD;sl udkj úoHdj

• cSj ixialD;sl l%ufõohka

• udkj p¾hdj iy fndajk frda.

jHdma;sh

5. Y%S ,xldfõ fN!;sl udkj

úoHd;aul wOHhk

• Y%S ,xldfõ m%uqL fN!;sl udkj

úoHd{hka

• Y%S ,dxflah udkj fmdis,

• Y’% ,xldfõ m%d.a udkj idOl fmkajk

ia:dk



11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu ksnkaOkh ,l=Kq - ^20&

wjidk mÍlaIKh jir wjidk mr‘laIKh ,l=Kq -^ 80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Barnow, V. 1982. Introduction to Physical Anthropology and Archaeology.

Vol. 1. (4th edition). Dorsey Press, Illinois. USA.

2. Jurmain, R., Kilgore, L., Trevathan, W. and Ciochon, R.L. 2008, Introduction to

Physical Anthropology. 11th Edition. Thomson Learning Inc. USA.pp- 513.

3. Kulathilake, S. W. 1997. ñksid i;A;Ajfhls: fN!;sl udkj úoHd msúiqu.

Tharanji Printers, Navinna, Sri Lanka.

4. Kulathilake, S. W. 2001. udkj w;S;h I : ms%udgd mrsKduh. Tharanji Printers,

Navinna, Sri Lanka.

5. Nahallage, C. 2001. udkj úúO;ajh. Tharanji Printers, Navinna, Sri Lanka.

6. Nahallage, C. 2013. ms%udgd f,dalh. Sarasavi Publishes, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.

7. Kulathilake, S. W. 2004. udkj w;S;h II : udkj mjqf,a mrsKduh. Tharanji

Printers, Navinna, Sri Lanka.

8. Kulathilake, S. W. 2008. udkj w;S;h III : kQ;k ñksidf.a iïNjh yd

mrsKduh. Tharanji Printers, Navinna, Sri Lanka.

89

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh ARGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku bkaoshdfõ iy YS% ,xldfõ mqrdúoHd b;sydih 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

cd;shla i;= Wreuhka ms<sn| úoHd;aulj wOHhkh lsÍfï m%fõYhla ùu'



cd;sl Wreuhka yd f,dal Wreuhka wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH úoHd;aul oekqu ,nd

oSu'


cd;shl yd cd;Hka;r Wreuhka ms<sn| úoHd;aul wjfndaOh ;=<ska ,nk ;dlaIKh mokï

lrf.k Wreuhka wdrlaId lsÍu;a th cd;shg odhdo lsßu;a" foaYhg wdorh lrk mrmqrla

ìys lsÍu;a wfmalaId flfar'



1. mqrdúoHdfõ wdrïNh yd

j¾Okh

• 16 "17" 18 jk ishjiaj,oS mqrdjia;= /ialsÍu

wdrïN ùu'

• 19 jk ishjfiaoS hq. ;=fka l%uh

• bx.%Sis cd;slhska úiska bosßm;a l< N+

úoHd;aul úmßKdu moku

• m%xY yd bx.%Sis cd;slhka w;ska j¾Okh jq

udkj hg.shdj ms<sn| wOHhkh

• 1860 oYlfha§ wOHdmk úIhhla ùu'

• 20 jk ishjfia ;=kajk oYlfha mßmQ¾K

úIhhla njg m;aùu

• mß.Kl úIhh mqrdúoHdjg we;=<;a ùfuka

j¾Okh ù wx. iïmQ¾K úIhhla njg

m;aùu'

2. 1890 g fmr Y%S ,xldfõ

mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• Y%S ,xldfõ mqrdúoHd lghq;= wdrïNùug

n,mE idOl yd ta ms<sn| jd¾;d

• úúO iñ;s iud.ï

3. 1890 isg 1912 olajd mqrdúoHd

fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska Y%S

,xldfõ lrk ,o mqrdúoHd

lghq;=

• 1890 Y%S ,xldfõ mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIK lghq;=

i|yd mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j wdrïNùu

yd tÉ'iS'ms' fn,a uy;d md,k ld,h olajd

mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=fõ lghq;=

90




lghq;=

• 1912 oS wh¾gkaa uy;d m;aùu yd Tyqf.a

md,k ld,fhaoS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• 1922 oS ta' weï' fydld¾Ü uy;d m;aùu yd

Tyqf.a md,k ld,fha oS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd

lghq;=




lghq;=

• 1935 oS ta' tï' f,dakay¾Üia uy;d m;aùu yd

Tyqf.a md,k ld,fhaoS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd

lghq;='

• úúO mqrdúoHd ix.ï" wdh;k u.ska yd

mqoa.,hka úiska lrk ,o mqrdúoHd lghq;='

6. 1940 ka miq mqrdúoHd

fomd¾;fïka;=j Y%S ,xldfõ

lrk ,o mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• 1940 § uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk uy;d

m%:u Y%S ,dxlsl mqrdúoHd flduidßiaa jrhd

f,i m;aùu yd Tyqf.a md,k flaI;%fhaoS


7. 1940 ka miq Y%s ,xldfõ lrk

,o mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• 1957 § wdpd¾h iS'B' f.dvl=Uqr uy;d m;aùu

yd Tyqf.a md,k ld,fhaoS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd

lghq;=

• 1967 oS wd¾'tÉ'o' is,ajd uy;d m;aùu yd

Tyqf.a md,k ld,fhaoS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd

lghq;=

• 1979 oS wdpd¾h ioaOdux., lreKdr;ak

uy;d m;aùu yd Tyqf.a md,k ld,fhaoS


• hqfkiaflda Y%S ,xld ixialD;sl ;%sfldaKh

fhdackd l%uh msysgqùu yd uOHu ixialD;sl

wruqo,a mk; iïu;ùu

8. 1940 ka miq Y%S ,xldfõ lrk

,o mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• 1984 oS wdpd¾h frda,kaâ is,ajd uy;d m;aùu


lghq;='

• 1991 oS wdpd¾h tÉ'tï' isßfidau uy;d m;aùu


lghq;=

• 1993 oS wdpd¾h isrdka oerKsh., uy;d

m;aùu yd Tyqf.a md,k ld,fha oS lrk ,o

mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• 2001 oS wdpd¾h ví' úfÊmd, uy;d m;aùu

yd md,k ld,fhaoS lrk ,o mqrdúoHd lghq;=

91

9. Y%S ,xldfõ mqrdúoHd lghq;=

i|yd odhl jq fjk;a wdh;k

yd mqoaa.,hka

Y%S ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl yd

uQ, ft;sydisl wjê ms<sn|

.fõIKh

• uOHu ixialD;sl wruqof,a wdrïNh

• uOHu ixialD;sl wruqo, u.ska lrk ,o

mqrdúoHd lghq;=

• Y%S ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl o;a; úYaf,aIKh

lsÍu

• Y%S ,xldfõ uQ, yd ft;sydisl wjê ms<sn|

ld, úu¾Ykh

10. 1860 g fmr bkaoshdfõ

mqrdúoHd lghq;= yd

wef,laiekav¾ lkskayeï

uy;d úiska bkaoshdfõ

mqrdúoHd flaI;%hg lrk ,o

fiajh

• bkaoshdfõ mqrdúoHd ixl,amfha m%Njh yd

ft;sydisl hq.fha mqrdúoHd lghq;='

• 1794 isg 1861 olajd mqrdúoHd lghq;='

• wef,laiekav¾ lkskayeï bkaoshd mqrdúoHd

lafIa;%fha isÿlrk ,o .fõIK" leKsï"

ixrlaIK yd tajdfha m%;sM,'

• bkaÈhdfõ mqrdúoHd flduidßiajrhd jYfhka

Tyqf.a ld¾hNdrh yd Tyq úiska lafIa;%hg

y÷kajdÿka kj m%jK;d'

11. i¾ fcdka udI,a yd i¾

fudaáu¾ ù,¾ úiska

bkaoshdfõ mqrdúoHd lafIa;%hg

lrk ,o fiajh

• i¾ fcdka udI,a bkaoshd mqrdúoHd lafIa;%fha

isÿlrk ,o .fõIK leKsï ixrlaIK yd

tajdfha m%;sM,

• i¾ fudáu¾ ù,¾ bkaoshd mqrdúoHd lafIa;%fha

isÿlrk ,o .fõIK leKsï ixrlaIK yd

tajdfha m%;sM,

12. tÉ' ã' ixl,shd yd wd¾'ã'

fnk¾cs úiska bkaoshdfõ

mqrdúoHd lafI;%hg lrk ,o

fiajh

• tÉ 'ã' ixl,shd bkaoshd mqrdúoHd lafIa;%fha

isÿ lrk ,o .fõIK" leKSï" ixrlaIK yd

tajdfha m%;sM,'

• wd¾'ã' fnk¾cs bkaoshd mqrdúoHd lafIa;%fha

isÿ lrk ,o .fõIK leKsï ixrlaIK yd

tajdfha m%;sM,'

13. bkaoshdkq m%d.a b;sydih yd

mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIK

• bkaoshdkq m%d.a b;sydih y`ÿkd.eksu yd ta

ms<sn| lrk ,o m¾fhaIK yd mqoa.,hka'

• Ys,dfuj,ï yd fjk;a m%d.a ft;sydisl

ñksiqkaf.a ks¾udK weiqßka Tjqkaf.a

ixialD;sh y`ÿkd.ekSu'

14. bkaoSh uQ, b;sydi wjêh yd

mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIK

• uQ, ft;sydisl wjêh yÿkd.ekSu iy tu wjêh ms<sn| lrk ,o m¾fhaIK

• uQ, ft;sydisl wjêh yeoEÍug we;s uQ,dY%h

92

• tu wjêh ms<sn| m¾fhaIKh l< mqoa.,hka

yd Tjqkaf.a m¾fhaIKj,ska ,o m%;sM,

• fuu jljdkqj, bkaoSh ixialD;sh

15 bkaoshdfõ ft;sydisl wjê yd

mqrdúoHd m¾fhaIK

• ft;sydisl wjêh y`ÿkd.ekSu tu wjêh

ms<sn| m¾fhaIK yd m¾fhaIK l<

mqoa.,fhda

• ft;sydisl wjêfha bkaoSh ixialD;sh


wdldrh

foaYk u.skalKavdhï idlÉPd

YsIHhka iu`. idlÉcd meje;aùu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu

lKavdhï mejreï" iajdëk mejreï fyda ,sÅ;

mßCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. mqrdúoHd foamd¾;fïka;=fõ b;sydih 1990 - ixia( kkaofoaj úfÊfialr

2. mqrdúoHd m%fõYh - 1992 tÉ'à' niakdhl yd Wod fyÜáf.a

3. mqrdúoHd yeoEßu - ir;a j;a;,

4. ,xld mqrdúoHdfõ b;sydih - ioaOdux., lreKdr;ak

5. Archaeological survey of Ceylon – Annual Reports

6. Central Cultural fund – Annual Reports

7. Central Cultural fund – Excavation Reports

8. Central Cultural fund – conservation Reports

9. bkaoshd mqrdúoHd b;sydih - 2001" mßj¾;kh uydpd¾h ã't,a' wfíj¾Ok" iuka

m%ldYk" uyr.u

10. wdos bkaoshdj yd mdlsia:dkh - 1971" fudaáu¾ ù,¾" wOHdmk m%ldYk

foamd¾;fïka;=j

11. Indus Civilization, 1953, Mortimer wheeler Cambridge

12. Chakrabarti, Dilip K. 1982. "The Development of Archaeology in the Indian

Subcontinent"

13. Trautmann, Thomas R.; Sinopoli, Carla M. 2002. "In the Beginning was the Word:

Excavating the Relations between History and Archaeology in South Asia".

Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Trautmann

93

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh ARGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku iïNdjH Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s

3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

bkaoshdfõ iy Y%S ,xldfõ iïNdjH Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s l,dj ms<sn| uQ,sl oekqu yd wjfndaOh

;=<ska ks¾udK riúkaokh yd ks¾udKlrKh



• bkaoshdfõ iy Y%S ,xldfõ Ñ;% yd uQ¾;s l,dj ms<sn| uQ,sl oekqu yd wjfndaOh

,nd oSu'

• bkaoshdkq l,dj Y%S ,xldfõ l,dj flfrys we;s l< n,mEu y÷kd .ekSu'

• ta ta hq.j,g wdfõKsl l,dfõ yd ks¾udK ,laIK fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSug

yelshdj ,ndoSu'

• Ndú; øjH yd ;dlaIKsl Ys,aml%u ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu'



• udkjhdf.a meje;au i|yd l,dfõ Wmldrh y`ÿkd .kshs'

• ñksid wka;¾ ixialD;sl l%shdj,shlg w;S;fha isgu wkq.;j isá nj y`ÿkd

.kshs'

• l,ska l, we;s jQ iudc úm¾hdi y÷kd .kshs'

• ks¾udK riúkaokh yd ks¾udKlrKhg fm<Ujhs



01' Ndr;Sh l,d miqìu

1'1 bkaÿksïk YsIAgdpdrhg

wh;A l,dlD;s

• fï hgf;A bkaÿksïk YsIAgdpdrfhA me;sÍu

yd ld,h

• tu YsIAgdpdrjdiSka úiska ks¾udKh l<

l,dlD;sj, olakg ,efnk mqreI rEm"

ia;S% rEm" l%Svd NdKav" ueá nÿka iy uqød

wdosfha uQ,sl ,lAIK

• ta i|yd Ndú; wuqøjH yd tu l,d

lD;sj, ixl,amhka y`ÿkd.ekSu

94

1'2 fu!¾h iïm%odfha l,dj • wfYdal ia;ïN" nqoaO.hd leghï yd idxÑ

leghï

• tajdfha úfYaI ,laIK yd wdNdihka

y`ÿkd.ekSu

1'3 wdkaø l,d iïm%odh • ol=Kq os. bkaoshdfõ l%sIaKd iy f.daOdjrs

.x.d w;r ìysj jevqKq"

• wurdj;s

• kd.¾cqkfldKav

• f.da,s

• c.af.hshdfmag

• wdoS ia:dkj, we;s l,d lD;Sj, úfYaI

,laIK yd m%ldYk úêl%u f;areï .ekSu

1'4 l=IdK l,d iïm%odh • l=IdK rc fm<m; hgf;A ìys¥ .kaOdr

yd u:qrd l,d l,dlD;sj, úfYaI ,laIK

• tajdfha úúO wdNdihka y`ÿkd .ekSu

1'5 .=ma; l,d iïm%odh • .=ma; rc fm<m; hgf;a W;=re bkaoshdfõ

ixj¾Okhg m;a nqoaO m%;sud l,dj

wOHhkh

1'6 wcka;d Ñ;% l,d iïm%odh • wcka;d f,ka moaO;sfha we;s Ñ;%j,"

wka;¾.;h

• bosßm;a lsßfï ú,dih

• Ñ;% ;dlaIKh y`ÿkd .ekSu

02' Y%S ,xldfõ l,d miqìu

2'1 YS% ,xldfõ l,d Ys,am

ìyslsÍfï miqìu

• Y%S ,xldfõ m%d.a ft;sydisl l,dj

• uyskaod.ukh;a iu. we;s jq bkaoshdkq

in|;dj u; ,xldfõ l,dfjys we;s jQ

ixj¾Okh f;areï .ekSu

2'2 Y%S%s ,xldfõ nqoaO m%;sud

l,dj

• nqoaO ixfla;

• wkqrdOmqr" fmdf<dkakrej yd uykqjr

hq.fha nqoaO m%;sud ks¾udKh i|yd Ndú;

wuqøjH

• tla tla hq.fha m%;sudj, úfYaI ,laIK

y`ÿkd.ekSu

95

2'3 Y%S%s ,xldfõ fndaêi;a;aj

m%;sud

• Y%S ,xldj ;=< uydhdk nqÿoyfï jHdma;sh

• uydhdk fndaêi;aj m%;sudj, Bg

wdfõKsl ,laIK f;areï .ekSu

2'4 Y%S ,xldfõ ieris,s uQ¾;s • wdhl leghï

• wdrdñl yd rdclSh f.dvke.s,sj, fodrgq

yd uKavm w,xlrKh i|yd Ndú;

i|lvmyK" uqr.," fldrjla., wdosfha

l%ñl úldYkh

• tu l,dlD;sj, ixfla;d¾:hka

y`ÿkd.ekSu

2'5 Y%S ,xldfõ ì;=is;=jï

l,dj

• wkqrdOmqr" fmdf<dkakrej" uykqjr hk

hq.j, ì;=is;=jï we|s ia:dk

• tu is;=jïj, wka;¾.;h yd úfYaI

,laIK

• ì;=is;=jï ;dlaIKh f;areï .ekSu


wdldrh

foaYk uÕskaiïuka;%K

lafIa;% lghq;= i|yd fhduq lsÍu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu

lKavdhï mejreï" iajdêk mejreï fyda ,sÅ;

mßCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍlaIKh ,sÅ; mßCIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Blacker, J. F. 1922, The ABC of Indian Art. Stanley Paul & Co., London.

2. Coomaraswamy, Ananda K. 1914, Viśvakarmā ; examples of Indian architecture,

sculpture, painting, handicraft. London.

3. Kapila Vatsyayan, 1977,Classical Indian Dance in Literature and the Arts ,New

Delhi: Sangeet Natak Akademi

4. Mitter, Partha. 2001,Indian Art,Oxford University Press.

5. Havell, E. B. 1907, Essays on Indian art, industry & education. G. A. Natesan &

Co. , Madras.

6. Havell, E. B. 1920, The Ideals of Indian Art. E. P. Dutton and Co., New York.

7. Havell, E. B. 1908, Indian Sculpture and Painting. John Murray, London.

http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924022942944#page/n7/mode/2up

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananda_K._Coomaraswamy



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapila_Vatsyayan

http://books.google.com/books?id=BqbMTe0gzU4C

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._B._Havell

http://www.archive.org/stream/essaysonindianar00haveiala#page/n1/mode/2up


http://www.archive.org/stream/idealsofindianar00haveuoft#page/n5/mode/2up



96

8. Havell, E. B. 1920, A Handbook of Indian Art. John Murray, London.

9. Smith, Vincent A. 1930, A History Of Fine Art In India And Ceylon. The

Clarendon Press, Oxford.

10. Welch, Stuart Cary 1985, India: Art and Culture, 1300-1900. New York: The

Metropolitan Museum of Art.

11. wfíj¾Ok ã't,a' bkaoSh mqrdúoHd b;sydih

12. w,yfldaka" fylag¾" 1968" yskaÿiNH;ajfha ke.Su

13. l=udriajdñ wdkkao" 1962" uOHld,Sk isxy, l,d" fld<U

14. foafõkaø ã'à'" 1970" i|lvmyK yd fjk;a ,sms" fld<U

15. mrKú;dk'tia'" 1990" ,xldfõ ia;+mh" fld<U

16. ms.Ü iagqjÜ" 1971" m%d.a ft;sydisl bkaoshdj"

17. nIdï' t,a' wisßu;a bkaoshdj

18. .=ref.a wdkkao" oUosj fn!oaO l,dj

19. jkr;k ysñ lUqremsáfha" 1985" ,laosj nqÿms<suh" ud;r;k ysñ" fn,a,kaú," 1995

20. nqoaO m%;sud l,dj iy nqÿms<sufha úldYh" foysj,

21. úu,r;kysñ" fn,a,kaú," 1991" nqÿms<sufha uqød iy wdik" foysj,

22. úfÊfialr kkaofoaj" 1990" ixia' uQ¾;s l,dj" mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

23. ù,¾" fudaáu¾" wdos bkaoshdj yd mlsia:dkh

24. fidau;s,l tï' YS% ,xldfõ ì;=is;=jï l,dj

25. niakdhl tÉ'à' bkaoshdfõ fn!oaO l,d Ys,am


http://www.archive.org/stream/handbookofindian002882mbp#page/n5/mode/2up

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_A._Smith

http://www.archive.org/stream/historyoffineart035424mbp#page/n7/mode/2up

http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/80045/rec/1

97

01 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh CMGE 1001

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku ikaksfõok uQ,O¾u

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`oskaùSu

ikaksfõok úIh Ydia;%Sh jYfhka úu¾Ykhg ,la lsÍu i|yd tys moku ilia ù we;s

wdldrh fukau úIh lafIa;%fha úúO fn§ï yd j¾.SlrKhka ms<sn|j m%udKj;a ±kqula

;sîu w;HjYH fõ. tfukau úúO jQ úIhdkqnoaO lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSfï§

Wmia;ïNl jk ms<s.;a uQ,sl mdßNdIsl kdulrKhka ms<sn| m%udKj;a ±kqula yd

wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu jeo.;a fõ.



• ikaksfõok úIh lafIa;%h ye¢kaùu

• úIhhg wod< uQ,sl fn§ï yd wkqIx.sl ixrplhka ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOh

,nd§u

• ikaksfõok úIh wOHhkfha§ Ndú; uQ,sl kdulrKh y÷kajd §u



• ikaksfõok úIh lafIa;%fha jHdma;sh meyeÈ,s lr .kshs

• úIhhg wod< uQ,sl fn§ï yd j¾.SlrKhka yd Bg mdol jQ idOl weiqßka

m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs

• ikaksfõok wOHhkh yd ne÷Kq uQ,sl mdßNdIsl kdulrKhka wod< ikao¾Nhg

we;s iïnkaOhg wkqj ksjerÈj Ndú; lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd.kS



1.ikaksfõokh hkq l=ulao@ • ye¢kaùu

• ks¾jpk

• jeo.;alu

2.ikaksfõokfha ¨yqvq b;sydih

• uq,ald,Sk ikaksfõok úêl%u udkj

• foaYSh ikaksfõok úêl%u

3.udkj ikaksfõokh

• uQ,sl .=Kdx.

• ikaksfõok l%shdj,sfha uQ,sldx.

• ikaksfõokfha fm!oa.,sl jákdlu

• ikaksfõokfha iudc jákdlu

4.ikaksfõok j¾. yd iajrEm

• j¾. - wka;¾j¾;s mqoa., ikaksfõokh - mqoa.,dka;r ikaksfõokh - iuQy ikaksfõokh - ck ikaksfõokh

98

• iajrEm - l:k - ,sÅ; - Y%jH - oDYH - úêu;a - fkdúêu;a - jdÑl - ks¾jdÑl

5.ikaksfõok wdlD;ss

• weßiafgdaÜ,a

• ,eiafj,a

• Iekka yd ùj¾

• n¾f,da

• Y%dï yd Tia.=â

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh úIh m%;sfmdaIl iïuka;%K

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh wjidk mÍlaIKh j¾Idjidk ,sÅ; mÍCIKhg fmkS isáh hq;=h'

,l=Kq 100]

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. we;=.," wdßhr;ak 1998" ikaksfõok isoaOdka;" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

fld<U 10

2. lreKdkdhl" kkaok" 1995" udkj ikaksfõokh" udOH m%ldYlfhda" kqf.af.dv

3. mshodi" frdayK ,laIAuka" 2008" ikaksfõok úu¾Yk" udOH yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn|

flakaøh

4. ymqwdrÉÑ" wcka;d" ikaksfõokh y`ÿkd.ekSu 2010" r;ak m%ldYlfhda - fld<U

5. lreKdkdhl" kkaok 1994" ikaksfõok" udOH m%ldYlfhda" kqf.af.dv

6. lreKdkdhl" kkaok 2000" ikaksfõokhg moku" ioSmd

7. Èidkdhl úu,a 1997" udkj ikaksfõokh" iSudiys; f,alayjqia fld<U 02

8. ufyakaø" iqkkaø 1991" ikaksfõok .fõIK" Y%S ,xld mqia;ld, fiajd uKav,h

9. .uf.a fþ' ksu,a 1998" i;aj ikaksfõokh" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

10. ufyakaø" iqkkaø 1993" ikaksfõok úpdr m%;spdr" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda -

fld<U 10

11. Tubbs & Moss 1994, Human Communication, McGrow–Hill, Inc

12. Fiske, John 2006, Introduction to Communication Studies –Rutledge, London

13. Andrew, Bennett& Wall 2008, AS Communication Studies (2nd ED),Rutledge,

London

99

01 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh CMGE 1002

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku udOH wOHhkh ye¢kaùu

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`oskaùu ckikaksfõokh hkq ikaksfõokh hk mq`M,a úIh lafIa;%fhys wka;¾.; úfYaIs; tallhls. mqoa.,hd u; fukau iudch u; we;slrk ±ä n,mEu ksidu j¾;udk f,dalfha ta ms<sn|j uy;a jQ wjOdkhla fhduqj ;sfí.tfyhska ikaksfõok úoHd¾Óhl= wksjd¾hfhkau ckudOHj, yeisÍu ms<sn|j m%udKj;a wjfndaOhlska hqla; ùu w;HjYH jQjls.


07 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq • ckikaksfõokh ms<sn|j;a tys ft;sydisl j¾Okh yd ld¾hNdrh ms<sn|j;a m%udKj;a

wjfndaOhla ,nd §u

• Ydia;%Sh oDIaáfldaKhlska ckudOHj, yeisÍu iy ls%hdldÍ;ajh kHdhd;aulj fukau m%dfhda.slj úu¾Ykhg ,la lsÍu

08 mdGud,d tallfha b.ekaùfuka wfmalaIs; M,h fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska;

• úúO ckudOH j¾. yd tajdg wod< úfYaaaaaI;djka meyeÈ,s lr .ekSu

• ckudOH ls%hdldÍ;ajh mss<sn|j kHdhd;aul idOl weiqßka wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu

• ckudOHhkaf.a ld¾h yd ne÷Kq úúO ixrplhkaf.a wka;¾ ls%hdldß;ajh úúO ckudOH wdlD;s weiqßka úu¾Ykh lr .eUqßka wjfndaO lr .ekSu

09 mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h m%Odk ud;Dldj fiiq ud;Dld

1.ckudOH hkq l=ulao@ • ye¢kaùu

• ks¾jpk

• ckudOHhkaf.a ld¾hhka

2.ckudOH b;sydih

• mqj;am;a

• iskudj

• .=jkaúÿ,sh

• rEmjdysksh

• wka;¾cd,h

3. uqøs; yd úoHq;a udOH yeÈkaùu

• uqøs; udOH - mqj;am;a - i`.rd

• úoHq;a udOH - .=jkaúÿ,sh - rEmjdyssksh - wka;¾cd,h

4.ckudOH ms<sn| kdñl kHdhhka

• wêm;sjd§

• ksoyiajd§

• fidaúhÜ fldñhqksiaÜ

• iudc j.lSu

• m%cd;ka;%jd§

100

5.ckikaksfõok wdlD;ss

• fjiaÜ,s uela,Ska

• fâúâ ueksx jhsÜ

• ldÜia iy ,eidiafy,aâ

• fu,aúka o *a j¾

• wka;¾cd, wlD;sh

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh úIh m%;sfmdaIl iïuka;%K

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh wjidk mÍlaIKh j¾Idjidk ,sÅ; mÍCIKhg fmkS isáh hq;=h'

,l=Kq 100]

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. we;=.," wdßhr;ak 1993" rEmjdysksh iy ikaksfõokh" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda"

urodk

2. ldßhjiï" ;siai 2004" Y%S ,xlfõ mqj;am;a l,dj" f.dvf.a ifydaorfhda" fld<U

3. lreKdkdhl" kkaok 2000" úoaHq;a ikaksfõokh" iriaj;S m%ldYk" osjq,msásh

4. kdkdhlaldr" fiak 2012" udOHl,d úpdr m%;spdr" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U

5. ufyakaø" iqkkao" 2012" ckudOHfha ke.Su" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda

6. rdcmlaI pkaøisß 2002" ckikaksfõok uQ,O¾u" *diaÜ ms%kag¾ia" fld<U

7. Pradeep Kumar Dey 1993, Perspectives in Mass Communication, Kalyani

Publishes – New Delhi

8. Dounick R Joseph, 1994, Dynamics of Mass Commmunication, Mc Grow–Hill

Publishing Company, New York

9. DeFleur & Dennis, 1991, Understanding Mass Communication, Houston Mifflin

Company, Boston.

101

01 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh CRGE 1001

02 mdGud,d tallfha ku wmrdO úoHdfõ uq,sl ixl,am

03 tall w.h 04


05 ye`oskaùu

mqoa.,hdf.a yd iudcfha h:d meje;au flfrys wys;lr n,mEï t,a, lrkq ,nk udkj

p¾hd rgdjka w;=ßka wmrdO yd iudc úfrdaë l%shd m%Odk fõ' iudc flfrys wmrdO uÕska

we;s lrk tu wk¾:ldÍ n,mEu ksid ta ms<sn|j wOHhkh fldg oekqu f.dv ke.Su

flfrys úoHd{hka ;u wjOdkh fhduq lr ;sfí' ta wkqj iudc ixisoaêhla f,i wmrdO

ms<sn|j úoHd;aulj wOHhkh lsÍfï wruqKska wmrdO úoHdj keue;s úIh lafIa;%h f.dv

k.d ;sfí'

iudc úoHd ldKavhg wh;a úIhhla jk wmrdO úoHdj uÕska wmrdO" wmrOldÍ p¾hd

rgdjkaf.a iajNdjh" mqoa., wmrdOldÍ;ajh i|yd n,mdk fya;= idOl yd wmrdO md,kh

iy ksjdrKh ms<sn| úoHd;aulj yodrkq ,efí' wmrdO yd wmrdO md,khg wod< jkakdjQ

wxY .Kkdjla ms<sn| wmrdO úoHd{hka úiska wOHhkh lrk w;r" wmrdO úoHd m%fõYh

hgf;a wmrdO úIh Odrdj ;=< idlÉPdjg Ndckh lrk uQ,sl ixl,amh úuiSug ,la

flf¾'



• wmrdO yd nd,dmrdOj, iajNdjh yd uQ,sl ,laIK ms<sn| úuid ne,Su

• wmrdO úoHdj yd tys úIh lafIa;%h ms<sn| y`ÿkd .ekSu

• wmrdO úoHd úIh lafIa;%h ;+< úúO wmrdO j¾.SlrKhg ,la lr we;s wdldrh yd

tfia j¾. lr we;s we;s wmrdOj, uQ,sl ,laIK y`ÿkd .ekSu

• wmrdO ms<sn| o;a; yd f;dr;=re /ialsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk l%shdud¾.

ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,ndoSu



• wmrdO yd nd,dmrdOj, iajNdjh yd uQ,sl ,laIK ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.;

yelsùu

• wmrdOúoHdfõ wruqKq iy úIh lafIa;%h ms<sn| wjfndaO lr .; yelsùu

• wmrdOj, iajNdjh wkqj wmrdO j¾.lr we;s wdldrh iïnkaOfhka oekqj;a

Ndjhla ,nd.; yels ùu

• wmrdO ms<sn| o;a; yd f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu i|yd wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk l%shdud¾.

iïnkaOfhka wjfndaOhla ,nd.; yelsùu


102


1. wmrdO yd udkj iudch • udkj iudc iïnkaO;d ms<sn| w.kdlï

O¾u;d yd wmrdOldÍ p¾hdj

2. wmrdO ms<sn| ks¾jpk yd uq,sl

,laIK

• iudcuh ú.%yhka iy iudc úoHd;aul

ks¾jpk

• kS;suh ú.%yhka iy kS;suh ks¾jpk

3. nd,dmrdO ms<sn| ks¾jpk yd

uQ,sl ,laIK

• iudcuh ú.%yhka iy iudc úoHd;aul

ks¾jpk

• kS;suh ú.%yhka iy kS;suh ks¾jpk

4. wmrdO úoHdj ms<sn| ye|skaùu • wmrdO úoHdfõ ft;sydisl ixj¾Okh

• wmrdO úoHdj ms<sn| ks¾jpk

5. wmrdO úoHdfõ úIh lafIa;%h • kS;sh ms<sn| iudc úoHdj wmrdO fya;=

úoHdj oKavk fõoh wmrdO f.dÿre

fõoh yd wmrdO hqla;s l%uh

6. wmrdO j¾.SlrKh • wmrdO ms<sn| kS;suh j¾.SlrKh iy Y%S

,xld oKavkS;s ix.%yh u.ska wmrdO

j¾.lr we;s wdldrh

• wmrdO ms<sn| wdh;ksl j¾.lsÍï yd Y%S

,xldfõ fmd,Sish iy fjk;a wdh;k

wmrdO j¾.lr we;s wdldrh

7. wmrdO j¾.SlrKh • mqoa.,hskag tfrys wmrdO

• foam,j,g tfrys wmrdO

• uyck iduhg tfrys wmrdO

• f.dÿre úrys; wmrdO

• jD;a;Sh wmrdO

• iqÿlrmá wmrdO

• mß.Kl ;dlaIKh yd wka;¾cd,

Ndú;h wdY%s; wmrdO

• <uhskag tfrys wmrdO yd <ud

wmfhdackh

8. wmrdO ms<sn| o;a; yd f;dr;=re /ialsÍu

• ks,jd¾;d yd ixLHd f,aLk Ndú;h

• Y%S ,xldfõ wmrdO ms<sn| ixLHd f,aLk yd ks,jd¾;d

• wmrdOj,g f.dÿre jQjka ms<sn| iólaIK

• wmrdOldÍ;ajh ms<sn|

• iajhxjd¾;d

103

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk yd bÈßm;a lsÍï

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï mejreï ,l=Kq (20)

wjidk mrSlaIKh jir wjidk mÍlaIKh i|yd ,l=Kq (80)

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. wurfialr" ohd' 2012" wmrdO úoHdj" wdßh m%ldYlfhda" jrldfmd,

2. wNhiqkaor" m%KS;a' 1993" fn!oaO iudc md,kh yd wmrdO úoHdj" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U

3. lreKd;s,l" fla' 1998" wmrdO nd,dmrdO yd mqkre;a:dmkh" ud,sx. m%ldYlfhda"

lvj;

4. .=Kr;ak" rdcd' 2009" wmrdO kS;sh" kS;sh ms<sn| ye|skaùu iy wmrdO kS;sfha uQ,sl

isoaOdka;" l¾;D m%ldYkhls'

5. r;akmd," kkaofiak' 1990" wmrdO úoHdfõ uQ,O¾u 01" wdßh m%ldYlfhda "

jrldfmd,

6. Siegel,Larry, J. 2006, Criminology, (Ninth edition), Thomas Learning Inc, USA

7. Reid, Sue, Titus. 1997, Crime and Criminology (eight editon), MacGraw- Hill InC

Newyork

104

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh CRGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku wmrdO hqla;s l%uh

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

wmrdO úoHdj iy wmrdO hqla;sh (Criminology and Criminal Justice), hk úIh

kHdhd;aulj" ixl,amSh yd m%dfhda.sl jYfhka ñksiqkaf.a wmrdOldÍ p¾hdjka (Criminal

Behavior) nd, wmpdr (Delinquency) ldka;djkaf.a wmpdÍ yeisÍï" (Deviance of Women),

wdOqkslhkaf.a wmrdO (Recidivist)yd <ud wmfhdackh wdoS jQ yeisÍï ms<sn|j wOHhkh

lrhs' tysoS kS;s úoHd;aulj" iudc úoHd;aulj" wmrdO úoHd;aulj nyqúO

oDIaáfldaKhkaf.ka hqla;j wmrdO yd wmrdO hqla;sh" ms<sn|j ixlS¾K f,i wOHhkh

lrkq ,nhs'

cd;sl yd cHd;Hka;r jYfhka wmrdO ms<sn| yd wmrdO hqla;sh ms<sn|j f.dvke`.=Kd jQ

kHdhka yd ixl,amhka fukau m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï yd tys m%;sM, m%fhdackhg .ksñka

;ukaf.a rfgys kS;sh oKavkfõoh" wmrdO hqla;s l%uh" kS;s iïmdokh" nkaOkd.dr.;

lsÍu" mqkre;a:dmkh hkdoS jQ ixlS¾K tlsfklg ne÷Kq wmrdO hqla;s mßmd,k moaO;s

l%shdoduhka (Integrated Criminal Justice System)ms<sn|j id¾j yd iQCIu uÜgñka oekqu yd

wjfndaOh ,nd oSu fuu mdGud,dj ;=<ska n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaCIs; wruqKq

• wmrdO hqla;s l%ufha uQ,sl wruqKq yd tys úIh fCIa;%h ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla

,nd§u

• fmd,sia fiajfha wdrïNh úldYh yd ld¾hNdrh ms<sn|j idlÉPd lsÍu

• wêlrK l%shdj,sfha wruqKq iy tys l%shdldÍ;ajh y÷kd .ekSu

• oKavkh ms<sn| uQ,sl isoaOdka; yd tys wruqKq iïnkaOfhka wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu

• nkaOkd.dr l%ufha yd mqkre;a:dmkfha wdrïNh" úldYh yd wruqKq ms<sn|j uQ,sl

wjfndaOhla ,nd §u



• wmrdO" wmpdr yd wfkl=;a kS;s úfrdaë yeisÍï iy ta yd ne|s ffk;sl ;;a;ajhka

y÷kd.kS

• wmrdO hqla;s mßmd,k l%shdodufha m%dfhda.sl yd kHdhd;aul jákdlu ú.%y l<

yelsh

• wmrdO úoHdfõ kHdh yd ixl,am wmrdO hqla;s ls%hdoduh iuÕ iei¢h yelsh.

• wmrdO hqla;s mßmd,k moaO;sfha ld¾hCIu;dj fmrg jvd j¾Okh l< yelsh

• kHdhd;aulj yd m%dfhda.slj ,nkakdjQ keK kqjK fya;= lrf.k iudchg yd rgg

by< fiajhla ,ndosh yel

• wmrdO hqla;s mßmd,k Oqrdj,sh /lshdj, ksr;ùug myiqfõ


105


1. wmrdO hqla;s l%shdoduh

ms<sn|j ye|skaùu

• wmrdO hqla;sh

• wmrdO hqla;s mßmd,kh

• wmrdO hqla;s moaO;s ms<sn| uQ,sl ye|skaùula

2. wêlrK Oqrdj,sh ms<sn|

ye|skaùu

• fY%aIaGdêlrKh" wNshdpkdêlrKh"

uydêlrKh" ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKh" iu:

uKav, yd m%d:ñl Widú

3. Y%S ,xldfõ kS;sl%u iy kS;s

b;sydih ms<sn| flá

ye|skaùula

• f;aij,dfï kS;sh

• uqia,sï kS;sh

• uqlal=jd¾ kS;sh

• fn!oaO kS;sh

• yskaÿ kS;sh

• Wvrg kS;sh ms<sn| flá ye|skaùula

4. mqrd;k Y%S ,xld hqla;sh

mis|,Su

• isxy, wêlrK l%uh

• hqla;sh mis|,Sfï l%uh ^kqjr hq.h olajd&

• mqrd;k Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s oKavk l%u

5. tx.,ka;fha yd wefußldfõ

fmd,sia l%uh wdrïNh yd

úldYh

• tx.,ka;fha fmd,sia l%ufha wdrïNh yd

úldYh yd j¾;udk ;;a;ajh

• weußldfõ fmd,sisfha ld¾hNdrh yd úldYh

ms<sn| uQ,sl ye|skaùu

6. fmd,sia fiajfha wruqKq yd

ld¾hNdrfha úldYh

• Y%S ,xldfõ fmd,sisfha ft;sydisl miqìu

y÷kd .ekSu

• fmd,Sisfha m%Odk ld¾hNdrh úldYh jQ

wdldrh

• wmrdO md,kh yd ksjdrKh ms<sn|j Tjqkag

mejÍ we;s j.lSu

• fmd,sia uyck iïnkaO;dj jeäÈhqKq

lsÍfuys ,d fmd,Sish i;= j.lSu

106

7. wêlrK Oqrdj,sfha m%Odk

wruqKq yd ld¾hNdrhka Y%S

,xldfõ wêlrK l%uh

weiqßka meyeÈ,s lsÍu

^wmrdOldÍ p¾hdj

iïnkaOfhka&

• iu: uKav,fha ld¾hNdrh

• ufyaia;%d;a wêlrKfha ld¾hNdrh ^,>q kvq

yd wêfpdaokSh kvq iïnkaOfhka&

• uydêlrKfha wmrdO kvq iïnkaOfhka

ld¾hNdrh

• wmrdO kvq iïnkaOfhka

wNshdpkdêlrKfha ld¾hNdrh

8. nkaOkd.dr l%uh ms<sn|

ye|skaùu

• nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍfï wruqKq

• uq,ald,Sk nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍï iy ovqjïj,

iajNdjh

9. nkaOkd.dr l%ufha wdrïNh

yd úldYkh^tx.,ka;h iy

weußldj&

• úêu;a nkaOkd.dr l%uhla ìysùug n,mdkq

,nk iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k lreKq

y÷kajd oSu

• mqkre;a:dmkh ms<sn| u;jdohkaf.a wdrïNh

y÷kajd oSu

• nkaOkd.dr m%;sixialrKh

10. weußldkq nkaOkd.dr l%uh

wdrïNh yd úldYkh

• weußldkq nkaOkd.dr l%ufha wdrïNh

• T^¾&nka" t,aórd" fmksis,afõkshdkq l%uhka

ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s lsÍu

11. nkaOkd.dr jevigyka iy

kej; iudc.; lsÍfï

Wmdhud¾.hka ms<sn|j

y÷kajd oSu

• nkaOkd.drh ;=< wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk

úúO jQ jevigykaj,ska isrlrejka

mqkre;a:dmkh fldg kej; iudc.; lsÍug

wkq.ukh lrk l%ufõohka meyeÈ,s lsÍu

• cHd;Hka;r nkaOkd.dr.; isrlrejka iy

Tjqkaf.a whs;sjdislï ms<sn|j cd;Hka;r

kS;sÍ;s yd ms<s.ekSï ms<sn| ye|skaùu

12. oKavkfõoh yd o`vqju

• oKavkfõoh hkq l=ulao @

• o`vqju hkq l=ulao" o`vqjï meñKùfï wruqKq

yd ld¾hNdrh l=ulao hkak

• o`vqjfuys wka;¾.; ov.eiSu" jkaÈ f.ùu"

isr.; lsÍu yd fjk;a fldkafoais u.ska

wmrdOldÍ p¾hdjkays ksr;ùu je<elaùu

i|yd lrkq ,nk ffk;sl l%shdoduhka

y÷kd .ekSu

107

13. mqkre;a:dmkh wdrïNh

úldYh yd wruqKq ms<sn|j

y÷kd .ekSu

• mqkre;a:dmkh hkq l=ulao @

• mqkre;a:dmkfha wruqKq

• mqkre;a:dmkh ms<sn| ixl,am

• mqkre;a:dmkh ms<sn| mj;sk .eg,q

14. mqkre;a:dmk jevigykaj,

ijNdjh

• wdh;k.; mqkre;a:dmkh jevigyka

• iudc.; mqkre;a:dmkh jevigyka

15m%cdmdol úfYdaOkh • m%cdmdol úfYdaOk l%uh ye|skaùu

• m%cdmdol úfYdaOkh wdrïNh úldYh yd

j¾;udk ;;a;ajhka ms<sn|j meyeÈ,s lsÍu

• mßjdih

• w;aysgjQ isr ovqjï

• m%cd fiajd ksfhda.


wdldrh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 20]la ysñfõ'

ksnkaOk" uOHjdr mÍCIKh" lKavdhï fyda flaj,

jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u lsysmhla u.ska we.hSu

isÿ flf¾'

wjidk mßCIKh

kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ' meh

;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= jrKSh rpkd m%Yak

m;%hla ,efí'

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ch;siai fldia;d 2002" kS;s l%u iy kS;s b;sydih" wmrdO úoHdj " tia f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda'

2. ch;siai fldia;d" 2000" kS;s úoHdj" r;ak m%ldYlfhda '

3. iqks,a rdcfk;a;s iy ví,shq ta ir;apkaø 2011" wmrdO úoHdj iy wmrdO hqla;sh"

wdßh m%ldYlfhda'

4. kkaofiak r;akmd, 2005" wmrdO úoHdfõ uQ,O¾u 1 "2 "wdßh m%ldYlfhda

5. ksrxð úfÊj¾Ok 2007" wmrdO úoHdfõ uQ,O¾u" úkaok m%ldYlfhda

6. fla' lreKd;s,l" 1998" wmrdO" nd, wmrdO yd mqkre;a:dmkh" ud,sx. m%ldYlfhda

108

1 mdGud,d tall fla;lh ECGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku iQlaIu wd¾Ól úoHd uQ,O¾u

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

wd¾Ól ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u mqoa., Ôú;fha wjYH fldgila njg m;aj we;' tneúka fuu

úIh uÕska wd¾Ól úoHdfõ wjYH;dj yd jeo.;alu isiqkag y÷kajd§ug ie,iqï lr we;'



b,a¨u yd iemhqu" ñ, ;SrKh" iïm;a fnodyeÍu" NdKav yd fiajd fnodyeÍu" mdßfNda.sl

yeisÍu ms<sn| kHdh" fj<|fmd< wd§ ixl,am iuÕ wd¾Ól moaO;sh yd wd¾Ól

úYaf,aIKhka y÷kajd§u fuu úIhfha wruqK fõ'


fuu mdGud,d tallh ksis f,i iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska

• iQCIu wd¾ÓlúoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am yd Ys,aml%u ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSug

yels fõ'

• m%dfhda.sl wd¾Ól .eg¨ úi£u i|yd wd¾Ól ixl,am fhdod.ekSug yels fõ'



1 iQCIu wd¾Ól úoHdj

ye`Èkaùu

• iQlaIu wd¾Ól úoHdfõ úIh fCI;%h

• wd¾Ól úoHdj ;=< iQCIu wd¾Ól úoHdfõ

ld¾hNdrh iy jeo.;alu

• id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdjg we;s iïnkaOh

• h:dkqrEmS yd wNsu;dkqrEmS m%ldYk

• úoHd;aul l%uh Ndú;h

• ys`.lu" wdjiaÓl msßjeh" ksIamdok yelshd

udhsu

• ksIamdok idOl

• uQ,sl wd¾Ól .eg`M

2 wd¾Ól l%u$wd¾Ól

ixúOdk$wd¾Ól moaO;s

• Okjd§ wd¾Ól l%uh

• iudcjd§$uOH ie,iqï wd¾Ól l%uh

• ñY% wd¾Ól l%uh

• wd¾Ól l%uhkaf.a kj m%jK;d

109

3mdßfNda.sl yeisÍu ms<snò

kHdh

• ixLHd iQpl m%fõYh( wdka;sl Wmfhda.s;d

kHdh

• l%u iQpl m%fõYh( WfmalaId jl% ú.%yh iy

fy<sl< jrK kHdh

4 fjf<òfmd< • fjf<ofmd< b,aü

• fjf<ofmd< iemhqu

• kuH;dj(- b,a¨ï kuH;dj" iemhqï

kuH;dj

• iu;=,s;h

5 fjf<òfmd< ;=< rcfha ueÈy;aùu

• nÿlrKh

• ksIamdok iykdOdr

• ñ, md,kh

• mdßfNda.sl yd ksIamdol w;sßla;h( iqNidOk n,mEu

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh(


11

we.hSfï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï bÈßm;a lsÍï" jHdmD;s we.hSï ,l=Kq ^40− 20&

wjidk mrSlaIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq ^60-80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Ahuja, H.L. (2009). Principles of Microeconomics.New Delhi: S. Chand & Company.

2. Koutsoyiannis, A.(1979). Modern Microeconomics. London: McMillan Press.

3. Lipsey, R.G. (1995). An Introduction to Positive Economics. London: Oxford

University Press.

4. Lipsey, R.G.,& Chrystal, K.A. (1999). Principles of Economics (9thed.). London:

Oxford University Press.

5. Lipsey, R.G.,& Harbury, C. (1992). First Principles of Economics. London: McMillan

Press.

6. Samuelson, P.A. (1973). Economics. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd.

7. fvjÜ" fla'fla' iy j¾ud" fÊ'ã' ^1966&' uQ,sl wd¾Ól isoaOdka;" ^mßj¾;khls&"

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

8. ieuqfj,aika" mS'ta' iy fkdaâyjqia" ví'ã' ^1990&' wd¾Ól úoHdj ^mßj¾;khls& YS% ,xld

weußldkq wOHdmksl iudch" fld<U'

9. ,laIauka ví'ã'" ^1998&' wd¾:sl úYaf,aIKh" lreKdr;ak m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'

110

1 mdGud,d tall fla;lh ECGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku id¾j wd¾Ól úoHd uQ,O¾u

3 tall w.h 04


5 yeòskaùSu

;sridr wd¾Ól j¾Okhla <`.d lr .ekSu iòyd mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh iy cd;sl ksuejqu

jeä lr.ekSu;a" wNHka;r yd ndysr ia:djr;ajhla mj;ajd .ekSu;a YS% ,xldj we;=¿

fndfyduhla rgj, wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;Skays uQ,sl wruqKq njg m;Aj we;' fulS ikao¾Nh

id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ § m%Odk jYfhka idlÉPd flf¾' tneúka id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ

uQ,sl wjfndaOh isiqka fj; ,nd§u fuu úIh uÕska ie,iqï lr we;'



cd;sl wdodhu yd ksuejqu" fiajd kshqla;sh" ñ, uÜgu yd WoaOukh" rdcH wh-jeh" rdcH

m%;sm;a;s yd fmd<S wkqmd;slh wd§ ixl,am iuÕ wd¾Ól moaO;sh yd wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka

y÷kajd§u fuu úIhfha wruqK fõ'



• id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am yd Ys,aml%u ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug

yels fõ'

• m%dfhda.sl wd¾Ól .eg¨ úi£u i|yd wd¾Ól ixl,am fhdod .ekSug yels fõ'



1. id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdj

ye¢kaùu

• id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdfõ úIh lafIa;%h

• wd¾Ól úoHdj ;=< iQCIu wd¾Ól úoHdfõ

ld¾hNdrh iy jeo.;alu

• id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdjg we;s iïnkaOh

• m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka

• f;d. úp,Hhka iy m%jdy úp,Hhka

2. cd;sl wdodhï

.sKqïlrKh

• cd;sl wdodhï .sKqïlrKh ms<sn| uQ,sl ixl,am

• cd;sl wdodhfï plS%h m%jdyh

• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h uekSu( ksuejqï

m%fõYh" wdodhï m%fõYh" úhoï m%fõYh

• cd;sl wodhï .sKqïlrKfha jeo.;alu yd iSud

• id¾j wd¾Ól iu;=,s;h îr," ixjD;" újD;&

111

3. uqo,a yd nexl=lrKh

• uqof,a úldYh

• uqof,a ld¾hhka" uqo,a j¾. yd uqof,a jákdlu

• uqo,a iemhqu (M1, M2, M2b, M4)

• uqo,a b,a u( flakaishdkq m%fõYh

• uy nexl=j( uy nexl=fõ wruqKq" ld¾hhka yd

Kh md,k WmlrK

• jdKsc nexl=( ld¾hhka yd uqo,a ueùu

4. ñ, uÜgu yd WoaOukh • ks¾jpk

• ñ, o¾Yl

• WoaOukh uekSu

• WoaOuk j¾.

• WoaOukfha wd¾Ól m%;súmdl

• WoaOukh ms<sn| kHdhhka ^b,a¨fuka weÿKq yd

msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh" WoaOukh ms<sn|

jHQyjd§ l,ams;h" *s,smaia jl%h&

5. wka;¾cd;sl fj<|

kHdh yd f.jqï ;=,kh

• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<odfï moku( ksrfmalaI yd

idfmalaI jdis kHdh

• f.jqï ;=,kh( jHqyh iy .KqfoKq

• úksuh wkqmd;slh( ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;slh" md,s; kuH

úksuh wkqmd;slh" mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;slh" kdñl yd uQ¾;

úksuh wkqmd;sl" l%h Yla;s iduH úksuh wkqmd;slh

• úksuh laIh ùu yd wê;lafiare ùu

• úksuh wjm%udKh yd úksuh w;sm%udKh

• ;Sre nÿ yd ;Sre nÿ fkdjk ndOl

• f.jqï ;=,kh" úksuh wkqmd;slh yd cd;sl

.sKqï w;r iïnkaO;dj

6. wd¾Ól j¾Okh • ks¾jpk" ñkqï yd ksYapdhl

• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjeh yd m%;s,dN


wdldrh(


11

we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï" bÈßm;a lsÍï" jHdmD;s we.hSï ,l=Kq

^40 − 20&

wjidk mrSlaIKh

,sÅ; mÍCIKh ^,l=Kq 60-80&

112

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Lipsey, R.G. (1995). An introduction to positive economics.London: Oxford University

Press.

2. Lipsey, R.G.,& Chrystal, K.A (1999). Principles of economics (9thed.). London: Oxford

University Press.

3. Lipsey, R.G. & Harbury, C. (1992). First principles of economics. London: McMillan

Press.

4. Samuelson, P.A. (1973). Economics. Tokyo: McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd.

5. w;=fldard<" fm%aupkaø ^1985& uqo,a yd uQ,H wdh;k" §mdks" kqf.af.dv'

6. ;s,lr;ak" isßfiak ^1996& wd¾ÓlúoHd moku" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"

fld<U'

7. ohdr;ak" B ^2006& Wiia fm< yd jD;a;Sh úNd. i`oyd wd¾Ól úoHdj" l¾;D m%ldYkhls"

fldÜgdj'

8. fidauiqkaor" ohdkkao ^1996& id¾j wd¾Ól úoHdj" tia' f.dvf.a" fld<T'

9. ,laIauka" ví'ã' ^1998& wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKh" fld<T'

113

1 mdGud,d fla;lh GEGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kh yd l%ufõoh

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye|skaùu

N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kfha we;s jeo.;alu j¾;udkfha § ish¨ fCIa;%hkays jvd;a

wjOdkhg n÷ka ù we;s fyhska tys b.ekafjk uQ,sl ixl,am ms<sn| wjfndaOh mq¿,a

lsÍu;a úúO ld¾hhkays§ tajd Ndú;hg .ekSfï yelshdj m%.=K lsÍu;a ld,Sk

wjYH;djls' úfYaIfhka u ie,iqï iïmdokh" wdmod l<ukdlrKh" iïm;a Wmfhdackh

fukau N+ foaYmd,ksl l%fudamdhkays § N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kh mokï lr.;a id¾j

m%fõYh b;d jeo.;ah' wE; w;S;fha mgka j¾;udkh olajd N+f.da, úoHd;aul ±kqu

Ndú; lr we;s wdldrh úúO .=re l=, wdY%fhka úuid ne,sh yelsh' f.da,Sh uÜgfï isg

CIqø uÜgu olajd jQ úúO .eg¨ y÷kd .ekSug;a tajd úYaf,aIKh lr ksis m%;sM, ,nd

.ekSug;a ta Tiafia wjldYSh ;SrK .ekSug;a" mqfrdal;kh i|yd wdlD;s ks¾udKh

lsÍug;a Ndú;hg .kakd l%uYs,am ms<sn| mq¿,a wjfndaOhla mej;Su o m%dfhda.sl jYfhka

b;d jeo.;a fõ'



• N+f.da, úoHdfõ kHdh" ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u ms<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla ,nd §u

• m%dfhda.sl f,dalh ;=< N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kfha jeo.;alu iy j,x.=;dj

wjfndaO lrùu

• ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sfha § jvd;a M,odhS f,i N+f.da, úoHd;aul ±kqu yd l%u

Ys,am Ndú; lsÍfï yelshdj m%.=K lsÍu



• fN!;sl yd udkj wjldYh ms<sn| N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kfha iqúfYaI;ajh

jgyd .kshs

• ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh ;=< N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kfha yd l%ufõofha

Wmfhda.S;dj wjfndaO lr .ksshs

• fN!;sl yd ixialD;sl N+ o¾Ykhl iajNdjh" j¾Okh" fjkiaùu" rgd iy

l%shdj,Ska wOHhkh lsÍfï WÑ; l%uYs,am ms<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs



1' N+f.da, úoHdfõ wka;¾.;h

• N+f.da, úoHdj hkq l=ulao@

• N+f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kfha moku

• N+f.da, úoHdj ms<sn| ks¾jokhkays úldih

• úIhla jYfhka N+f.da, úoHdj y÷kd .ekSu

• N+f.da, úoHdfõ oaúOdlrK

114

2' N+f.da, úoHd Ñka;kh yd

tys j¾Okh

• uQ,sl N+f.da, úoHd ixl,am

• ñksia-mßir wka;¾iïnkaO;dj ms<sn|

N=f.da, úoHd;aul Ñka;kh

• wjldYh yd ld,h ms<sn| N+f.da, úoHdj

• N+f.da, úoHd{hkaf.a ld¾hNdrh

• N+f.da, úoHd ix.ïj, odhl;ajh

3' kQ;k N+f.da, úoHd;aul

m%fõY iy tys Ndú;h

• N+f.da, úoHdfõ úúO m%fõY

- m%dfoaYSh m%fõYh

- moaO;sl m%fõYh

- mßKdujd§ m%fõYh

- /äl,ajd§ m%fõYh

- ia;%Sjd§ m%fõYh

- mYapdoa kQ;kjd§ m%fõYh

• .egqï yd .eg¨ wNsuqL lr.;a N+f.da, úoHdj

• mßir úoHd;aul m%fõYh

• cd;sl rdcH yd N+ foaYmd,kh

4' N+f.da, úoHd;aul l%ufõoh

yd l%u Ys,am

• N+f.da, úoHd;aul m¾fhaIKj,g mokï jk

o¾Ykh

• N+f.da, úoHdfõ .=Kd;aul m¾fhaIK

• N+f.da, úoHdfõ m%udKd;aul m¾fhaIK

• kQ;k fCIA;%Sh m¾fhaIKj, wka;¾.;h

• .=Kd;aul yd m%udKd;aul l%u Ys,am

• kQ;k N+f.da, úoHd;aul wOHhkhkays Ndú;

Ys,amSh l%u


wdldrh

kshñ; meh .Kkska meh 40la wod< ud;Dld yd

iïnkaO foaYk fjhs' b;sßh iajhx wOHhk l%uh mokï

lrf.k lKavdhï idlÉPd iy flaj, bf.kqï l%u

u.ska iïmQ¾K flfrkq we;'

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh



jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u lsysmhla u.ska we.hSu

isÿ flf¾'

wjidk mßCIKh j¾Idjidk mÍCIKhls' kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq

ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ' meh ;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re

iemhsh hq;= jrKSh rpkd m%Yak m;%hla ,efí'

115

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. ox.,a," tka'fla' 2019" udkqI N+f.da, úoHd wOHhk" l¾;D m%ldYk'

2. tmsgj;a;" tia' 2005" N+f.da, úµdfõ kHhd;aul miqìu" iageïm¾â f,ala"

mkaksmsáh'

3. fykakdhl" tia' fla' iy fykakdhl" tka'tï' 2005" N+f.da,Sh wOHdmkh ms<sn|

cd;Hka;r m%{ma;sh iy YsCIKh ms<sn| igyka" tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"

fld<U'

4. m;auisß" B' tÉ' cS' iS' 2011" N+f.da, úoHdfõ o¾Ykh" tia' f.dvf.a iy

ifydaorfhda" fld<U'

5. Chorley, R.J. and Hagget, P.(eds.). 1965, Models in Geography, Methuen, London.

6. Flowerdew R. and David, M. (eds.). 2005, Methods in Human Geography,

Pearson Education Limited, England.

7. Haggett, P. 2001, Geography: A Global Synthesis, Prentice Hall, London.

8. Holt-Jensen, A. 1988, Geography: History and Concepts, Paul Chapman,

London.

9. John, A.M and David, T.H (eds.). 2004, Unifying Geography, Routledge, London.

10. Limb, M. and Claire, D. (eds.) 2001, Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers:

Issues and Challenges, Arnold, London.

11. Lounsbury, J.F and Frank, T.A. 1986, Introduction to Geographic Field Methods

and Techniques, Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company, Ohio.

12. Roland, F.B, Melvin, G.M. and Judy, M.O. (edts.). 1992, Geography’s Inner

World, Rutgers University Press, New Jersey.

116

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh GEGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku fN!;sl yd udkj N+f.da, úoHdj

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

N+f.da, úoHdj hk mq`t,a jQ úIh m:h ;=< wvx.= tla mdGud,d tallhla f,i fN!;sl yd

udkj N+f.da, úoHdj hk úIh tallh y`ÿkajd osh yelsh. fuu úIh tallh ;=<ska mD:súh

u;=msg yd wNHka;rfha mj;akd úúO fN!;sl l%shdj,Ska yd rgdjka fukau mDÓúh u;=msg

mj;akd úúO udkj lghq;= wdY%s; l%shdj,Ska yd rgdjka ms<sn|j wOHhkh lrkq ,efí.

udkj N+f.da, úoHdj yd fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdj hk úIhkag wh;a fjk;a iajdNdúl yd

iudcSh úoHdjkaf.ka wdNdih ,;a úIh lreKqj, ixl,khlska fuu úIh tallh

iukaú; fõ.tfia jqjo fuysoS N+f.da, úoHdjg wkkH jQ wjldYSh yd ld,sl h:do¾Yhlska

hq;=j úIh lreKq ms<sn|j wOHhkh lrkq ,efí.



• idl,H úIh m:hlska hqla;j úúO jQ udkj yd fN!;sl l%shdj,Ska yd rgd fukau

moaO;Ska ms<sn|j kHdhd;aul yd m%dfhda.sl oekqu isiqka ;=< wNHka;ÍlrKh lsÍu.

• ;ud cSj;ajk fN!;sl yd udkj mßirh ms<sn|j wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug isiqka

ffO¾hu;a lsÍu.


fuu mdGud,d tallh id¾:lj iïmQ¾K lsÍu ;=<ska ;

• udkj yd fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdfõ kHdhd;aul h:do¾Yfha we;s jeo.;alu

we.hSug yelshdj ,eîu.

• fuu úIh ;=<ska ,efnk idl,H oekqu ksidu fN!;sl yd udkj mßirhg

iïnkaO jQ úúO .eg¨ yd wNsfhda. y÷kd .ekSug yelsùu.

• by; wxYhka iïnkaOfhka ,nd.;a oekqu úúO ixj¾Ok lghq;= tkï mßmd,k yd

m%;sm;a;s iïmdokhg fukau isiqkaf.a idudkH wjfndaOh i|yd Ndú;hg

.;yelsùu.

• iudcfha úúO wjYH;dj,oS m¾fhaIK, úYaf,aIK yd bosßm;a lsÍï i|yd fuhska

,enQ l=i,;d Ndú;l< yelsùu.



1. fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdj ye|skaùu

• ks¾jpk

• fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdfõ úldYkh

2. fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHdfõ úIh wka;¾.;h

• Wm úIh lafIa;%hka

• kHdhka yd wdlD;Ska

117

3. mDÓúh iy tys úúO;ajh • f.da,Sh moaO;s

• Ys,df.da,h

• c, f.da,h

• jdhqf.da,h

• ffcj f.da,h

4. ld,h yd wjldYSh úúO;ajh ms<sn| fN!;sl N+f.da, úoHd;aul wjfndaOh

• N+ úoHd ld, pl%h

• mDÓú mDIaGfha m%Odk N+rEmj, úúO;ajh

• mdßißl úúO;ajh

5. N+o¾Yk mßKduh ms<sn| wdlD;Ska yd u;

• fâúiaf.a Ldok pl%h

• W;slaIsma;h yd k.akSlrKh

• iu;=,s;;d wdlD;sh

6. ;eá N+ldrl l,ams;h • uyoaùmsl ma,jk l,ams;h

• භමකමපා yd ;eáldrl ixl,amh

7. nyS¾ckH l%shdj,Ska iy N+rEm" Ldokh" mßjykh "ksiaidOkh

• .,k c,h

• iq<Õ

• id.ර ;rx.

8. udkj N+f.da, úoHdj ye|skaùu yd úIh wka;¾.;h

• ks¾jpk

• udkj N+f.da, úoHdfõ j¾Okh

• WmúIh lafIa;%hන ye|skaùu

9. f,dal ck.ykh yd úhm;a ck ixLHdj

• f,dal ck.ykfha ld,Sk yd wjldYSh jHdma;sh

• ckixLHd jHdma;sh yd >k;ajh flfrys n,mdk idOl

• úhm;a ckixLHdj wdY%s; m%jK;d yd .eg¨

10. kùk lDIsld¾ñl ;dlaIKsl l%u

• kùk lDIsld¾ñl ;dlaIKsl l%u" tajdfha ,laIK yd ta wdY%s; n,mEï

11. mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;h • ks¾jpk

• mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fha úúO m%fNao

• mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fha úúO udkhka yd ta wdY%s; n,mEï

12. kd.ÍlrKh • kd.ÍlrKh yd kd.රl;ajh

• kd.ÍlrKh y÷kd.ekSfï ks¾Kdhl

• kd.ÍlrKh wdY%s; iudc yd mdßißl .eg¨

13. f.da,ShlrKh • ks¾jpk

• f.da,ShlrKfha jdyl n,fõ.

• f.da,ShlrKfha n,mEï


wdldrh

kshñ; meh .Kkska meh 40la wod< ud;Dld yd

iïnkaO foaYk fjhs' b;sßh lKavdhï idlÉPd iy

flaj, bf.kqï l%u u.ska iïmQ¾K flfrkq we;'

118

11

we.hSï l%ufõoh



jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u lsysmhla u.ska

we.hSu isÿ flf¾'

wjidk mßCIKh j¾Idjidk mÍCIKhls' kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq

ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ' meh ;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re

iemhsh hq;= rpkd m%Yak m;%hla ,efí'

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Getis, A., Getis, J. and Fellman, J.D. 2008, Introduction to Geography. Eleventh

edition. Mcgrow-hill higher education.

2. Hammond, C.W. 1979, Elements of human geography. George Allen & Anwin

Ltd.

3. Huntington, E. 1956, Principles of human geography. Sixth edition. John Wiley

Sons Inc. USA.

4. Jhonston, R.J., Gregory, D. and Davis, M.S. 1986, The dictionary of human

geography. Oxford Blackwell.

5. Keinth, C. 1979, An introduction to human geography: People, pattern and

process. Halsted.

6. Smith, D.M. 1977, Human geography: A welfare approach. Edward Arnold.

7. White, C.L. and Renner, G.T. 1948, Human geography: An ecological study of

society. Appleton, New York.

8. Christopherson, R. W. 2000, Geosystems: An Introduction to Physical Geography,

Prentice Hall, New York.

9. Strahler, A.H. &Strahler, A.N. 2000, Introducing Physical Geography, John Wiley

& Son, New York.

10. Olliver,C.D. 1981, Tectonics and Landforms, Langman, London.

11. Brown, E.H. and Waters, R.S. 1974, Progress in Geomorphology. Institute of

BritishGeographers. Special Publication Number Seven.

12. nKavdrkdhl" cS' tï' 2007' foaY.=Kh" mi yd mßir moaO;s" f.dvf.a m%ldYlfhda"

urodk" fld<U 10'

119

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh HIGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku fmrÈ. b;sydifha n,fõ.

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

wdishdkq b;sydifha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSug fukau Y%S ,xldj flfrys we;sjQ úfoaY

n,mEï y÷kd.ekSug o fuu úIh oekqu wjYH fõ'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d wjYH ke;


• wdishdkq b;sydifha m%Odk n,fõ. y`ÿkd.ekSu'

• wdishdfõ hqfrdamSh n, jHdma;sfha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu'

• Y%S ,xld b;sydih yd bkaÈhdkq b;sydih yeoEÍug wjYH uQ,sl miqìu ilia lsÍu'



• wdishdfõ merKs YsIagdpdr ms<sn`o mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs'

• wdishdkq b;sydifha jeo.;a wjia:d f;areï .kshs'

• wdishdfõ hqfrdamSg n, jHdmD;sh yd tys m%;sM, wjfndaO lr .kshs'

• kQ;k wdishdkq b;sydih f.dvke.Sfï iajrEmh f;areï .kshs'



1. ñir YsIagdpdrh • uQ,dY%h y÷kd.ekSu

• leKSï yd m¾fhaIK

• foaYmd,k b;sydih

• wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl lghq;=

• iudc yd wd¾Ól lghq;=

2. fuifmdfÜñhdkq YsIagdpdrh • fuifmdfÜñhdfõ uq,a ckdjdi

• foaYmd,k b;sydih

• iNH;ajh

3. Ök YsIagdpdrh • YsIagdpdrfha wdrïNh

• jHdma;sh

• rc fm<m;a

• iNH;ajh

4. bkaÿksïk YsIagdpdrh • mqrdúoHd;aul fidhd.ekSï

• bkaÿksïk iNH;ajh

• kd.ßl Ôú;h

• YsIagdpdrfha mßydksh

120

5. yskaÿ iNH;ajh • uQ,dY%h ú.%yh

• N.joa .S;dfõ b.ekaùu

• wd.ñl ;;a;ajh

• yskaÿ ck Ôú;h

6. nqoaOld,Sk Ndr;h • foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh

• wd.ñl yd od¾Yksl miqìu

• wd¾Ólh yd ck Ôú;h

• nqÿoyfï jHdma;sh

7. f:rjdoS fn!oaO iïm%odfha

jHdma;sh yd Y%S ,xldj

• O¾udfYdal rcqf.a odhl;ajh

• f:rjdofha jHdma;sh

• ,xldjg nqÿoyu ,eîu

• f:rjdoS fn!oaO uOHia:dkhla jYfhka

,xldfõ ld¾hNdrh

8. uydhdk fn!oaO ixialD;sh • uydhdkfha wdrïNh

• jHdma;sh

• ,xldj flfrys n,mEï

9. wdishdjg hqfrdamShkaf.a

meñKSu

• hqfrdamShka meñKSug ;=vqÿqka fya;=

• hqfrdamSh n,h wdishdfõ jHdma;ùu

• wd.u m%pdrh

• fjf<`o wdêm;Hh

10. fmrÈ. ´,kao jdKsc

jHdmdrh

• VOCiud.u wdrïNh yd jHdma;sh

• VOCiud.fï foaYmd,k lghq;=

• iud.fï wd¾Ól lghq;=

• iud.fï mßydksh

11. w.aksos. wdishdfõ hqfrdamd

n, jHdma;sh

• ,kafoaiSka f.a meñKSu yd wishdfõ hqfrdamSh

n, wr.,

• w.aksos. wdishdfõ ,kafoaiS n, jHdma;sh

• fn;dúh ,kafoaiS uOHia:dkh ùu

• isÿjQ kj úm¾hdi

• bkaÿkSishdj ìysùu

12. bkaÿkSishdfõ ksoyia igka

jHdmdrh

• mej;s foaYmd,k jHdl+,;dj

• ksoyia igk wdrïNùfï miqìu yd tys

iajrEmh

• bia,dï wd.u yd cd;sl;ajh

121

• Woaf>daIK jHdmdr yd tys jHdma;sh

• ksoyi Èkd .ekSu

13. nqreu ksoyia igka

jHdmdrh

• nqreuh ;=< ì%;dkH n, jHdma;sh

• nqreufha bx.%Siska úiska wkq.ukh l<

m%;sm;a;s

• wms nqreufhda jHdmdrh

• wdKavql%u m%;sixialrK yd foaYmd,k

Woaf>daIK

• nqreuh ksoyi Èkd .ekSu

14. hqfrdamShkag hg;aùu ksid

wdishdfõ we;sjq fjkialï

I

• wdishdfõ hqfrdamd n, jHdma;sfha lemS

fmfkk ,laIK

• foaYmd,k fjkiaùï

• wd¾Ól fjkiaùu

• kd.ÍlrKh

• mßmd,kuh úm¾hdi

15. hqfrdamShkag hg;aùu ksid

wdishdfõ we;sjq fjkialï

II

• iudc fjkialï

• NdId yd ixialD;sl fjkialï

• wd.ñl úm¾hdi


wdldrh

- foaYk meje;aùu'

- YsIHhka iu`. idlÉcd meje;aùu'

- m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï yd wNHdilrKh'

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï - kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 20]la ysñfõ'


jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u lsysmhla u.ska

we.hSu isÿ flf¾'

wjidk mßCIKh - kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ' meh

;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= jrKSh rpkd

m%Yak m;%hla ,efí'

122

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. we`o.u ud,kS" 2003" f,dal b;sydih" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

2. Biag¾ka iagqj¾Ü iS'" 1967" ngysr wêrdcHjdofha ke.Su yd jeàu" fld<U

3. lreKdkkao hQ'î'" 2010" iqfïßhdkq YsIagdpdrh" f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda" fld<U 10

.%dkaÜ uhsl,a'" 1973" frdaukajreka f.a f,dalh" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

4. mkslald¾'" 2005" wdishdj yd ngysr wdêm;H" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

5. fm,ï tÉ'" 1964" frdau b;sydi idrh" rdcH NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

6. fmdkakïfmreu ã wd¾'" 2002" merKs ñirh" p;=r uqøKd,h" je,a,ïmsáh

7. niakdhl tÉ' à'" 2003" wmros. YsIagdpdrh I fldgi"

8. fidaufoajrdc" lkakka.r moauisrs" jsoHd,xldr wkq;a;rdfoaú 2016" bmerKs f,dal

YsIagdpdr" wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

9. frdìkaika isß,a ta'" 1965" .S%isfha b;sydih" rdcH NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

10. James Henry., 1909, A History of Egypt, New York.

11. Mascati Sabation., 1960, Ancient Semitic Civilization, New York.

123

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh HIGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku wmrÈ. b;sydifha n,fõ.

3 tall w.h 04


5 yeòskaùSu

fuu úIh tallh yeoEÍfuka f,dal b;sydifha uq,a YsIagdpdr wjêfha mgka hqfrdamfha

uOH;k wjêh yd kQ;k hq.hg wj;S¾Kùu ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,efnk neúka kQ;k

hqfrdamfha iajdNdjh f;areï .ekSug wjYH uQ,sl oekqu ,efí'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d wjYH ke;


• hqfrdamSh b;sydifha m%Odk n,fõ. y`ÿkd .ekSu

• hqfrdamSh n, jHdma;sfha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu

• hqfrdamd b;sydih yeoEÍug wjYH uQ,sl miqìu ilia lsÍu



• hqfrdamSh m%Odk YsIAgdpdr ms<snò mq¿,a wjfndaOhla ,nd .kshs

• hqfrdamd b;sydifha jeo.;a wjia:d f;areï .kshs

• kQ;k hqfrdamd b;sydih f.dvke`.Sfï iajrEmh wjfndaO lr .kshs



1. hqfrdamfha YsIAgdpdrfha

moku I ^.%Sl yd frdau

YsIAgdpdr&

• .%Sl YsIAgdpdrh

- .%Sl YsIagdpdrfha wdrïNh yd tys

jHdma;sh

- wmrÈ. YsIAgdpdrh yev.eiSug .%Sl

YsIAgdpdrfhka ,o odhdo

- .%Sl foaYmd,k l%uh

- úoHd;aul ÈhqKqj

- l,dj

- wd.u

- o¾Ykh

- .Dyks¾udK Ys,amh

• frdau YsIagdpdrh yd iNH;ajh

- frdau YsIagdpdrfha wdrïNh yd tys

jHdma;sh

- wmrÈ. YsIAgdpdrh ye`v.eiSug frdau


124

- frdau fm!rj rdcH yd iuQydKavq md,kh

- wêrdcHh f.dvkexùu yd md,kh

- frdau kS;sh

- frdau .Dyks¾udK Ys,am l,dj

2. hqfrdamfha YsIAgdpdrfha

moku II ^l%sia;shdks yd

bia,dï wd.ñl n,mEï&

• l%sia;= YsIagdpdrfha wdrïNh yd tys jHdma;sh

• wmrÈ. YsIAgdpdrh yev.eiSug l%sia;=


- l%sia;shdks O¾ufha m%Njh

- frdau wêrdcHfha rdcH wd.u njg m;aùu

• wmrÈ. YsIAgdpdrh yev.eiSug .%Sl


• bia,dï YsIagdpdrh

- bia,dï YsIagdpdrfha wdrïNh yd

jHdma;sh

- bia,dï O¾ufha jHdma;sh

- l%sia;shdks YsIagdpdrh yd bia,dï

YsIagdpdrh w;r mej;s .egqï

- l=rei hqoaO wjia:d yd tys m%;sM,

3. uOHld,Sk hqfrdamfha

mej;s jevjiï l%uh

• jevjiï l%uh yd wmrÈ. YsIagdpdr w;r

we;s iïnkaO;dj

• jevjiï l%uh ìysùu

- jevjiï l%ufha uQ,sl ,laIK

• jevjiï l%ufha jHdma;sh

4. hqfrdamfha kfjdaoh yd tys

m%;sM,

• hqfrdamfha isÿjq kfjdaofha iajrEmh

• thg ;=vqÿka fya;=

- wd¾Ól

- foaYmd,k

- wd.ñl

• mqkreoh hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma;ùu

• úúO flaIa;%j, we;s jQ kfjdaoh

• l,dj

• úoHdj

• ;dlaIKh

• o¾Ykjdo

125

5. foaY .fõIK jHdmdrh • .fõIK ioyd uQ,sl;ajh .;a rgj,a

• kj rgj,a fidhd .ekSu

• foaY .fõIK jHdmdrfha m%;sM,

6. cd;sl rdcH ìysùu • cd;sl rdcH ixl,amh yd tys uQ,sl ,laIK

• n,h ixflakaø.;ùu

• talSh kS;s moaO;sh

• iaÓr hqo yuqodj

• cd;sl rdcH ixl,amh hqfrdamfha l%shd;aul jQ

wdldrh

• hqfrdamfha m%Odk cd;sl rdcH

7. wd.ñl úma,jh • wd.ñl úma,jh ye`Èkaùu

• wd.ñl úma,jhg ;=vqÿka fya;= idOl

• udáka Æ;¾ f.a m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh

• hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma; jQ kj wd.ñl

m%;sixialrK jHdmdr

• wd.ñl m%;sixialrK jHdmdrfha m%;sM,

8. ;sia wjqre hqoaOh • 1618 fndysñhdfõ le/,a,

• hqoaOfha m<uq oi jir ;=< yeian¾.a jdiska

ch .ekSu yd lf;da,slhkaf.a hqoaO ch.%yK

• ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaOfha fojeks wÈhr ^1621-1630&

• Y=oaO frdau wêrdcHhfha m%dfoaYSh rcjreka

yeian¾.a md,lhka yd mej;s wr.,

• ;sia wjqreÿ hqoaOfha m%;sM,

• 1648 fjiaÜfma,shd .súiqu

9. tx.,ka; md¾,sfïka;=

l%uh

• md¾,sfïka;= l%ufha wdrïNh

• rcqf.a n,h iSud lsÍfï m%h;ak

• mlaI l%uh yd leìkÜ l%uh

10. hqfrdamd wêrdcHjdoh • wêrdcHjdoS ixl,amh

• hqfrdamfhka ndysr wêrdcHjdoh msysgqùu

• wêrdcHjdofha iajrEmh

• mD;=.d,h" iamd[a[h yd ´,kaofha wêrdcH

lghq;=

126

11. ld¾ñl úma,jh • ld¾ñl úma,jh ye`Èkaùu

• ld¾ñl úma,jh iòyd ;=vqÿka fya;=

• kj fidhd.ekSï

• hqfrdamh mqrd jHdma;ùu

• ld¾ñl úma,jfha m%;sM,

12. OkjdoS wd¾Ól l%ufha

wdrïNh" j¾Okh yd

jHdma;sh

• fj<odu ÈhqKúSu

• fj<ò mka;s ìysùu

• uOHu mka;sfha j¾Okh

• OkjdoS wd¾Ól l%ufha wdrïNh yd iajrEmh

• OkjdoS wd¾Ól l%ufha jHdma;sh


wdldrh

- foaYk meje;aùu'

- YsIHhka iu`. idlÉcd meje;aùu'

- m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï yd wNHdilrKh'

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh





wjidk mßCIKh kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ'



12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. weò.u ud,skS'" 2003" f,dal b;sydih" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;=fïka;=j

2. fldfrdõlska msfhdaoß' 2016" ñksia b;sydifha l;dkaorh iq.;a lxldkïf.a

^mßj¾;k&" iqNdú m%ldYk" fldar,bu" f.dakm,'

3. .=ref.a" wdkkao'" 1962" mqrdK ixialD;sh" fld<U

4. fm,ï" tÉ'ta'" 1964" frdau b;sydi idrh" rdcH NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j

5. niakdhl tÉ'à'" 2003" wmros. b;sydih I" fld<U

6. frdìkaika" isß,a B'" .%Sisfha b;sydih

7. fidaufoajrdc" lkakka.r m;auisß" úok,xldr wkqka;rdfoaú" 2016" bmerKs f,dal

YsIagdpdrh" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

8. Burns Edward M, Ralp Philip Lee, 1955, World Civilization Vol I, New York

9. Bury J.B., 1920, History of Greece, London

10. Edward I.E.S., Gadd C.J., Cambridge Ancient History Vol.I

127

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh IRGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d ms<sn| ye¢kaùula

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d úIfhys .;sl iajNdjh fkdje<elaúh yelalls' tfiau cd;Hka;r

iïnkaO;d ms<sn| kHdhsl yd ixl,amSh ±kqula fkdue;sj th mq¿,a wdldrfhka jgyd .;

fkdyel'


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaCIs; wruqKq (

fuu mdGud,d tallfha wruqK jkafka cd;Hka;r l%uh" tys l%shdlrejka iy thg wod<

m%Odk kHdhsl yd ixl,amSh m%fõYhka ms<sn| mq¿,a ±kqï iïNdrhla Wmdê wfmaCIlhkag

,nd §uhs'

8 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfuka wfmaCIs; M,h (


• cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d ms<sn| kHdhsl yd ixl,amSh ±kqula ,nd.; yels ùu'

• f,dal foaYmd,kh ;=< wka;¾ rdcH yd rdcH wNHka;r iïnkaO;dj, .;sl

iajNdjh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yels ùu'

• cd;Hka;r l%uh tys úúO iajrEmhka iy m%Odk l%shdlrejd jk cd;sl rdcHfhA

ld¾hNdrh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu'



1' ye¢kaùu • cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d úIfha kHdhsl yd

ixl,amSh úldYkh

• cd;Hka;r l%uh w¾: ±laùu

• cd;Hka;r l%ufha m%Odk l%shdlrejka

y÷kd .ekSu

2' cd;Hka;r iïnkaO;d ms<sn|

kHdhsl m%fõYhka

• h:d¾:jd§ m%fõYh

• ú{dkjd§ m%fõYh

3' cd;sl rdcH ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • rdcHfha úldYk l%shdj,sh

• cd;sljdoh iy cd;sl rdcH ìysùu

4' cd;sl wNs,dIhka • cd;sl wNs,dIhka imqrd.ekSfï Wmdx.

• cd;sl wNs,dIhka iy úfoaY m%;sm;a;s

iïmdok l%shdj,sh

5' hqoaOh ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • hqoaO j¾. lsÍu

• hqoaOj,g n,mdk fya;=

• kQ;k hqoaOh

128

6' cd;sl n,h ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • cd;sl n,h w¾: ±laùu

• cd;sl n,fha uQ,sldx.

• cd;sl n,h uekSu

7' n, ;=,kh ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • n, ;=,kh w¾: l:kh

• n, ;=,k uÜgï

8' rdfcHdmdh ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • rdfcHdmdfhys wdrïNh iy úldYkh

• rdcH ;dka;%slhka iy rdcH ¥; fiajdj

• rdfcHdmdfhys lD;Hhka

• kQ;k rdfcHdmdfha uQ,sldx.

9' wúmd,kh iy ksrdhqOlrKh

ms<sn| ye¢kaùula

• wúmd,kh iy ksrdhqOlrKh w¾:

±laùu

• wúmd,kh iy ksrdhqOlrKh ms<sn|

l%fudamdhka (SLATI, II, NPT, PTBT,

CTBT jeks .súiqï&

• wúmd,kh iy ksrdhqOlrKfha m%;sM,

10' ueÈy;aùu ms<sn| ye¢kaùula • ueÈy;aùu w¾: ±laùu

• ueÈy;aùu iy tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wêldÍ

m;%h

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajd f.k hk

wdldrh

foaYk meje;aùu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï

mejreu ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍCIKh

jir wjidkfha mÍCIKhg fmkS isàu ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:(

1. Daniels, P. 1988, Contemporary International Relations, Macmillan, New York.

2. Morgenthau, H. 1985, Politics among nation: Struggle for the power. and peace,

New York. Mecgrw Hill

3. Rourke, J.& Mark, B. 2001, Internartionl Polities, on the world Stage, New York:

Mc Grow Hill.

4. Stows, Ernest 1957, A Guide to Diplomatic practice, Longsnansgreen, London.

5. Vandana, A. 1998, Theory of International Politics, Vikas Publishing House Ltd,

New Delhi. Visakas Publishing House Ltd.

129

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh( IRGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku( cd;Hka;r yd l,dmSh ixúOdk

3 tall w.h( 04

4 wOHhk j¾Ih( m<uqjk jir

5 ye`oskaùSu

f,dal foaYmd,kfha ;;ald,Sk f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sh ;=< l,dmSh tald.%;dj hkq m%Odk

ixl,amSh m%jK;djls' f.da,Sh l%uh fï jk úg úúO wruqKq Tiafia O%eùlrKhg ,la ù we;'

cd;Hka;r moaO;sh ;=< tys l%shdlrejka w;r l,dmSh tald.%;dj we;sùu flfrys n,md we;s

m%Odk idOlhla jkafka foaYmd,k wNs,dIh hs' tfy;a fjkia jk foaYmd,k wd¾Ól

l%shdj,Ska ;=< iEu rglgu ;u iajdh;a; /¢hdj r|d mj;ajd .ekSug fkdyels ùu whym;aa

m%jK;djla yeáhg n,md we;' fuys m%;súmdl yeáhg f,dal foaYmd,kh ;=< l,dmSh

tald.%;dj flakaø.;j we;' ta wkqj f.da,ShlrK l%shdoduh ;=< úúO l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r

ixúOdk Tjqkagu wdfõKsl jQ iudc" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k yd wdrlaIl wNs,dIhka bgq lr

.ekSu Wfoid .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;j ixúOdkh ù ;sfí' fï ksid rdcHhka ;u wruqKq

<.d lr .ekSfï,d l,dmSh yd cd;Hka;r ixúOdk Tiafia jvd;a n,j;aj yd .;sl

iajNdjfhka hqla;j lghq;= lrk iajNdjhla olakg ,efí'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQ¾j wjYH;d fkdue;

7 mdGud,dfõ wruqKq(

fuu mdGud,dfõ m%Odk wruqK jkafka "

• úúO wruqKq u; msysgd we;s cd;Hka;r iy l,dmSh ixúOdk ms<sn| mq¿,a ±kqï

iïNdrhla ,nd §u

• cd;Hka;r iy l,dmSh ixúOdk jHjydrh ;=< rdcHhka w;r iïnkaO;d iy rdcH

fkdjk l%shdldrjreka w;r iïnkaO;d ms<sn| ±kqula ,nd §u

• f.da,SlrK l%shdj,sh ;=< cd;Hka;r yd ixúOdk ms<sn|j;a tajdfha kj m%jK;d ms<sn|

±kqula ,nd §u



• l,dmShjdoh ms<sn| ixl,amSh w¾:hla .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd.kS

• cd;Hka;r moaO;sh ;=< rdcHhka iy rdcH fkdjk l%shdlrejka w;r mj;akd

ld¾hNdrhka ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.kS

• f.da,ShlrK l%shdj,sh ;=< cd;Hka;r iy l,dmSh ixúOdkhkays we;sjk kj m%jK;d

ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.kS

130


m%Odk ud;Dld fiiq ud;Dld 1' cd;Hka;rjdoh iy

l,dmShjdoh

• cd;Hka;r ixúOdk hkq l=ulao

• l,dmSh ixúOdk hkq l=ulao

• f.da,ShlrKh iy l,dmShlrKh hkq l=ulao

2' tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wdh;ksl jHqyh

• wruqKq yd l%shdud¾.

3' hqfrdamd ix.uh

• wdrïNh iy úldYය

• m%Odk wruqKq

• hqfrdamd ix.uh f,dal wNs,dIhka flfrys

isÿlrk n,mEu

4' W;=re w;a,ka;sla .súiqï

ixúOdkh ^fkafgda&

• wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• kQ;k m%jK;d

5' wdishdka ixúOdk • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• kQ;k m%jK;d

6' Tfmla ixúOdkh • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• f,dal wd¾Ólhg isÿlrk n,mEu

7' id¾la ixúOdk • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq yd ld¾hhka

• id¾la ixúOdkh iy wka;¾ cd;sl

iïnkaO;d

• ixúOdkh yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda.hka

8' fmdÿ rdcH uKav,h • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq iy ld¾hhka

9' fkdne¢ jHdmdrh • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• kQ;k m%jK;d

10'G 7 lKavdhu • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• f,dal wNs,dIhkag lrk n,mEu

131

11' G 20 lKavdhu • wdrïNh iy úldYය

• wruqKq

• f,dal m%jK;d

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajd f.khk

wdldrh

foaYk meje;aùu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï

mejreï ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍCIKh

,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

jir wjidkfha mÍCIKhg fmkS isàu


1. Falk and Mendlovitz, 1973, Regional Politics and World Order, San Fancisco: W.H.

Freeman and Company.

2. Barrow, 2nd edition 1972, The United Nations – Past, Present and Future.

3. Robert W., 1969, International Organizations: World Politics, Macmillan, London.

4. Le Roy, B, 1995, International Organizations: Principles, Prentice Hall, Newyork.

5. Robert A, (Ed). 1995, United Nations, Divided World, Pager.

6. lreKdodi" ví' tï'" 1998" idla - ima;d" imagd" bfïÊ ,xld foysj,

132

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh PHGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku ;¾l Ydia;%h yd úoHd;aul l%uh 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye|skaùu

fmr wmr foos. o¾YkjdohkayS jeo.;a úIh Odrdjla f,i ;¾l Ydia;%h ye|skaúh yelsh'

fuu úIh yeoEÍu u.ska ksjerÈ jQ;a l%udkql+, jQ;a yd ;d¾lsl úksYahkag wj;S¾K ùfï

mßph Wodlr.; yelsh'



• ;¾l Ydia;%fha b;sydifha isg weßiafgdag,af.a idïm%odhsl ;¾l Ydia;%h yd kùk

;¾l Ydia;%h ms<sn| wjfndaOh

• úoHdj yd tys úúO m%fNao ms<sn| wjfndaOh

• úoHdfõ úêl%uj, iajNdjh y`ÿkd .ekSu

• úoHdj yd iudc .eg¿ w;r iïnkaOh .eg¨ y÷kd .ekSu



• ;¾lh" nqoaêh Ndú;fhka .eg¨ foi ;d¾lslj ne,Su fuka u .eg¨ úi|d .ekSug

yelsfjhs'

• ;d¾lsl Ñka;kh ÈhqKq fjhs'

• .eg¿ m%dfhda.slj úi|d .ekSug wjYH Ñka;k Yla;sh j¾Okh lrhs'

• YsIHhd úoHd;aul l%uh yd tys uQ,sl kHdhhka ms<sn| jgyd .kshs'



1. ;¾l Ydia;%h ye¢kaùu yd b;sydih

• ks¾jpkh wdY%fhka ;¾l Ydia;%h

ye¢kaùu

• .=rel=, Tiafia ;¾l Ydia;%h j¾Okh

jQ wdldrh

2. ;¾l Ydia;%fha iajNdjh yd uQ,sl

ixl,am

• kùk ;¾l Ydia;%h ìysùu i|yd

n,mdkq ,enq fya;=

• mo yd m%ia;=;

• weßiafgdag,af.a m%ia;=; j¾.SlrKh

yd kQ;k m%ia;=; j¾.SlrKh

133

3. wkqudkh ^wjHys; wkqudkh yd

jHjys; wkqudkh&

• wkqudkh ye¢kaùu

• m%ia;=; m%;sfhda.h

• m%ia;=; m%;sfhda.fha .eg¨

4. ixjdlH

• ixjdlH ye¢kaùu" ,laIK" j¾.

• ixjdlH Í;s

• Í;s weiqfrka im%udK;dj fiùu

5. kùk ixfla; ;¾l Ydia;%fha uq,sl

ixfla;

• ;d¾lsl úp,H

• ksh;s mo

• jryka Ndú;h

6. i;H pl% ye|skaùu

• iDcq i;H pl% l%uhg wkqj

im%udK;djh fiùu

7. jl% i;H l%uh • im%udK;djh fiùu

8. jHq;amkak

• wkqñ;s Í;s

• jHq;amkak l%u

9. i;H;d rela l%uh • ye|skaùu iy Ndú;h

10. ;¾l oajdr

• ye|skaùu

• ;¾l oajdr ixfhdackh

11. wdLHd; l,kh • m%udKslD;H ;¾l

12. úoHd;aul l%uh ye|skaùu yd

b;sydih

• úoHdj hkq l=ulao @

• úoHd;aul l%uh hkq l=ulao@

• .%Sl yd Bg fmr

• kùk úoHdj

13. úoHdfõ m%fNao

• Y=oaO úoHdj

• jHjydßl úoHdj

• iajdNdúl úoHdj

• iudchSh úoHd

14. úoHdfõ úúO .=rel=,

• Woa.ukjdoh

• ks.dójdo

• if;HlaIKh

• wi;HlrKjdoh

• idfmalaIljdoh

134

15. úoHdfõ mÍlaIK l%u

• ksÍlaIKh

• iïmÍlaIKh

16. úoHd;aul WmkHdi

• ye¢kaùu

• WmkHdij, ,laIK

17. idudÔh úoHdjkays úêl%u

• m%Yakud,d l%uh

• iïuqL idlÉPd

• m%f;Hl wOHhkh

• iyNd.S ksÍlaIK

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 20]la

ysñfõ' ksnkaOk" uOHjdr mÍCIKh" lKavdhï

fyda flaj, jHdmD;s hk tla l%uhla fyda l%u

lsysmhla u.ska we.hSu isÿ flf¾'

wjidk mÍlaIKh kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la

ysñfõ' meh ;=kla we;=<; ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;=

jrKSh rpkd m%Yak m;%hla ,efí'

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. tÈßisxy" ohd'" 2007 fmf¾rd {dkodi - úoHd;aul l%u ú.%yh

2. tÈßisxy" ohd'" 2009 fmf¾rd {dkodi - uQ,sl ;d¾lsl uQ,O¾u

3. w;=fldar< " ohd frdayK yd ;j;a wh - 2009 idïm%odhsl ;¾l Ydia;%h

4. tÈßisxy ohd'" úoHd;aul {dkh'" 1985 ,iaik uqøK Ys,amsfhda' 1985

5. .=Kr;ak'wd¾'ã'" úoHd;aul l%uh" 2005" tka'tka m%skag¾ia' uykqjr'

6. .=Kr;ak'wd¾'ã' iy tia' ù' ldiskdoka'" 1997" ;¾l Ydia;%h yd úoHd;aul l%uh"

wOHdmk m%ldYkfomd¾;fïka;=j'

7. fnla'iageka,s'" úoHdfõ ir, nj" 1979" ud¾. m%ldYlfhda'

8. Copi, Irvingm, 1982, Introduction to Logic.

9. Kuhn, Thomas., 1996" The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

10. Losee, John, A 1980, Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Science.

11. Ackermann, R.J. 1982, Modern Deductive Logic.

135

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh PHGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku od¾Yksl .eg¨ 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

ñksia meje;afï uQ,sl uÜgï ms<sn| wjfndaO lr.ekSug W;aidy lrk úfõpkd;aul yd

l%udkql+, wNHdih o¾Ykh f,iska ye¢kaúh yelsh' o¾Ykh ye¢kaùu iy uQ,sl od¾Yksl

.eg¨j, iajNdjh ms<sn| úuid ne,Su fuys§ isÿ fõ'

6 mdGud,d tallfha mQarj wjYH;d ke;


• od¾Yksl m%Yakj, iajNdjh y÷kd.ekSu'

• Ôjk m%Yak ksrdlrKfhaoS ksrjq,a j l%shd lsÍug bf.kSu'

• .eg¨j,oS ta ms<sn| úúO oDIaáfldaKfhka ne,Sug mqyqKq ùu'



• od¾Yksl .eg¨j, iajNdjh oek .kshs'

• .eg¨ úi|Sfï oS úúOdldr l%fudamdhhka Ndú;hg yqrefjhs'

• jvd;a ksjerÈ Ñka;khg fhduq fjhs'



1 o¾Ykh ye¢kaùu

• ye¢kaùu

• ks¾jpkh ;sÍu

• úIh lafIa;%

2 o¾Ykfha wdrïNh yd úldYkh • fmrÈ. o¾Ykh

• wmrÈ. o¾Ykh

3 wdpdr úoHd;aul yd iudc od¾Yksl

.eg¨

• ye¢kaùu

• fyd| ms<sn| od¾Yksl ixl,am

• hqla;sh

4 iajÉPkao;djh yd ksh;sjdoh

• y¢kaùU

• iapÉPkao;dj

• ksh;sjdohkayS iajNdjh

5 wmrdO iy o`vqjï • wmrdO ye¢kaùU

• o`vqjï ms<sn| od¾Yksl u;

136

6 mdrfN!;sljd§ .eg¨

• wd;auh

• fudalaIh

• mqkre;am;a;sh

• foúhka jykafia

7 ndysr f,dalfha meje;au

• ye¢kaùu

• i;ajdoh

• m%;HlaI idfmaI;djdoh

• ú{dkjdoh

• m%mxpjdoh

8 úYajfha m%Njh

• uyd msmsrùï jdoh

• ia:djr ;;a;ajjdoh

• iamkaoudk úYajjdoh

9 {dkúNd.jd§ .eg¨

• ye¢kaùu

• nqoaêjdoh

• wkqN+;sjdoh we;=¿ wfkl=;a jdo

10 {dkh iy úYajdih • ye¢kaùu

• {dkh yd úYajdih

11 ldh Ñ;a; .eg¨j ms<sn| od¾Yksl

u;jdo

• ldh Ñ;a; wkaj¾;sjdoh

• wkajdNdijdoh

• p¾hdjdoh

• wkkH;djdoh

• wfkHdakHldrljdoh

12 fi!kao¾h úoHdj ms<sn| .eg¨ • l,dj hkq l=ulao@

• idys;H úpdrh ms<sn| od¾Yksl

.eg¨

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd u`.ska

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh





wjidk mßlaIKh kshñ; iïmQ¾K ,l=Kq ixLHdfjka 80]la ysñfõ'



137

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Arthur, C, Danto, 1968, What Philosophy is? A Guide to the Elements , a pelican

Books.

2. Popkin, R, 1969, Philosophy Made Simple, W. H Allen Ltd.

3. Stephan, K, 1971, Fundamental Questions of Philosophy, Penguin Books.

4. O¾uisß" .=Kmd," od¾Yksl m%Yak" 1998" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

5. tÈßxy ohd" fmf¾rd'" {dkodi" 2000" od¾Yksl úu¾Yk" j;aud m%ldYkfhda"

foysj,'

6. úodk.uf.a" l=,fiak'" 2001" od¾Yksl .eg¨" le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h'

7. l,xiQßh" ta" ã" mS'" 2002" o¾Ykh ye¢kaùula " wdrsh m%ldYlfhda'

8. hdmdr;ak"ví'tï'" 2008" wd.ï yd o¾Yk ;=,kh" oyï iriúh'

9. hdmdr;ak" ví'tï'" 2015" mrdfrdamKh" ud.ë m%ldYk'

138

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh POGE 1001

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku foaYmd,k úoHdfõ uQ,sldx.

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu

foaYmd,k úoHdfõ uQ,sldx. hkq foaYmd,k úoHdfõ mokï mdGud,dj fõ' fuu.ska

YsIHhkag foaYmd,k úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am yd m%fõYhka y÷kd.; yeකය.


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaCIs; wruqKq(

fuu mdGud,d tallfha wruqK jkafka rdcH yd wdKavqj ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOhla ,nd

§uhs'

8 mdGud,d tallh b.ekaùfuka wfmaCIs; M,h(


• wOHhk úIhhla f,i foaYmd,k úoHdfõ iajNdjh y÷kd .ekSu iy th wOHhk

lsÍfï úúO m%%fõYhka wjfndaO lr .kshs '

• iudÔh úoHdjla f,i foaYmd,k úoHdfõ mj;akd wka;¾ úIhd;aul

iïnkaO;dj, iajNdjh wjfndaO lr .kshs '

• kQ;k rdcHhkays iajdêm;H" kS;sfha wdêm;Hh iy n,;, fnod fjka lsÍfï

iajNdjh y÷kd .kshs

• kQ;k wdKavql%u jHjia:djkays ,CIK y÷kd .kshs

• úúO foaYmd,k wdh;khkays iajNdjh wjfndaO lr .kshs

9 mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h (


1. foaYmd,k úoHdfõ iajNdjh(

foaYmd,k úoHdj iudc

úoHdjls'

• foaYmd,kh hkq l=ulao

• foaYmd,k úoHdj hkq l=ulao

• foaYmd,k úoHdj iudÔh úoHdjla f,i

ie,lSug n,mdk fya;= idOl

2. foaYmd,k úoHdfõ úIh

fCIa;%h

• foaYmd,k kHdh" foaYmd,k Ñka;kh"

foaYmd,k o¾Ykh yd foaYmd,k u;jdo

• rdcHh iy wdKavqj

• foaYmd,k n,h

• ;=,kd;aul wdKavql%u

• foaYmd,k wdh;k

• rdcH mßmd,kh iy rdcH m%;sm;a;s

• wka;¾cd;sl foaYmd,kh

• .egqï wOHhkh

139

3. foaYmd,k úoHdfõ l%ufõoh • od¾Yksl l%ufõoh

• ;=,kd;aul l%ufõoh

• ft;sydisl l%ufõoh

• iudc úoHd;aul l%ufõoh

• kS;s úoHd;aul l%ufõoh

• p¾hdjd§ l%ufõoh

• l%u úYaf,aIKh

• ixLHdk l%ufõoh

4. foaYmd,k úoHdj iy

wksl=;a iudchSh úoHdjka

w;r mj;akd iïnkaO;dj

• foaYmd,k úoHdj iy b;sydih" foaYmd,k

úoHdj iy wd¾Ól úoHdj" foaYmd,k

úoHdj iy iudc úoHdj" foaYmd,k úoHdj

iy N+f.da, úoHdj'

5. rdcHfha iajNdjh • rdcHh w¾:l:kh

• rdcHfha w;HjYH wx.

• rdcHfha ft;sydisl úldYkh( .%Sl kd.ßl

rdcHh" jevjiï rdcHh iy kQ;k rdcHh

• rdcHfha iajNdjh ms<sn| u;jdo( iudc

iïuq;sjdoh" ,snr,ajdoh" udlaiajdoh"

meisiaÜjdoh

6. iajdêm;H • iajdêm;Hh ixl,amfha j¾Okh

• iajdêm;Hh w¾:l:kh

• iajdêm;Hfha uQ,sldx.

• úfõpk

7. wdKavqfõ iajNdjh • wdKavqj w¾:l:kh

• wdKavqfõ lD;Hhka

• wdKavqfõ n,h ixjrKh lsÍfï l%u( n,h

fnod fjka lsÍu" wdKavql%u jHjia:d iy

jHjia:dkql+,jdoh

8. wdKavql%u wdlD;s • foaYmd,k u;jdo wkqj wdKavql%u j¾.

lsÍu( ^ ,snr,a m%cd;ka;%jd§ iudcjd§"

meisiaÜjd§&

• n,h fn§u wkqj wdKavql%u j¾. lsÍu(

^talSh" ikaëh" iyikaëh&

• úOdhl n,h l%shdjg kxjk wdldrh wkqj

wdKavql%u j¾. lsÍu( ^leìkÜ" ckdêm;s"

ñY%&

140

9. m%cd;ka;%jdoS wdKavqlrKfha

,CIK

• ksfhdackh iy ue;sjrK l%u

• foaYmd,k mCI yd n,mEï lKavdhï

• isú,a iudch

• m%cd;ka;%jd§ iy hy md,kfha fuj,ï

10 mdGud,d mj;ajdf.k hk

wdldrh

foaYk meje;aùu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh-

wLKav we.hSï mejreu ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍCIKh

,sÅ; mÍCIKh



1. Ball, A.R. 1999, Modern Politics and Government, Macmillan, London.

2. Kapur, A.C. 1997, Principle’s of Political Science, Chand & Company Ltd, New

Delhi.

3. Haywood, Andrew 2007, Politics, Palgrave. New York.

4. Mahajan, V.D. 1998, Political Theory (Principle’s of Political Science, Chand &

Company Ltd. New Delhi

5. Rod Huge, Martin Harrop and Shann Bertin 1998, Comparative Government and

Politics, an Introduction, Palgrave. New York.

6. fidhsid" tï' ´' ta' o' 1993" foaYmd,k úoHdfõ uQ,sl isoaOdka;" iqmqka .%e*slaia'

fld<U'

141

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh POGE 1002

2 mdGud,d tallfha ku Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%uh yd foaYmd,k fjkiaùï

3 tall w.h 04


5 ye`oskaùSu fuh iuld,Sk Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,kh ms<sn| wdrïNl mdGud,djhs' tu.ska Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k l%ufha uQ,sl ,CIKhka ms<sn| úia;rd;aulj mÍCId lrkq ,efí'


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmaCIs; wruqKq (

fuu mdGud,d tallfha wruqK jkafka 1833 isg j¾;udkh olajd Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%uh

ms<sn| YsIHhkaf.a ±kqu yd wjfndaOh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍuhs'



• Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%u wdh;k" ue;sjrK yd kS;s l%u ms<sn|j wjfndaO lr.;

yels ùu'

• Y%S ,xld foaYmd,k l%uh flfrys foaYmd,k ixialD;sh we;s lrkq ,nk n,mEu

wjfndaO lr.; yelsùu'

• Y%S ,xld foaYmd,k l%uh ;=< mj;akd foaYmd,k .eg¨ y÷kd .; yels ùu'

9 mdGud,d tallfha wka;¾.;h (


1' Y%S ,xldfõ hg;a úð;

md,kh

• flda,anDDla-leurka m%;sixialrKh -1833

• lDDõ-uel,ï m%;sixialrKh -1910

• ueksx wdKavql%u m%;sixialrKh -1920

• ueksx-fvjkaIh¾ m%;sixialrKh -1924

• fvdkfuda¾ m%;sixialrKh -1931

2' hg;a úð; iuh ;=< mej;s

iudc iy foaYmd,k

jHdmdr

• wd.ñl mqk¾Ôjk jHdmdrh

• wdKavql%u jHjia:d m%;sixialrK jHdmdrh

• lïlre jHdmdrh

• jdudxYsl jHdmdrh

3' fid,anß jHjia:dj - 1947 • fida,anß jHjia:dfõ miqìu

• fvdñkshka ;;a;ajh

• fida,anß jHjia:dfõ wdh;ksl jHqyh

^kdñl úOdhlh" i;H úOdhlh"

oaúudKav,sl l%uh" ir, nyq;r ksfhdack

l%uh&

• iq¨;r ckj¾.j, whs;sjdislï wdrCId

lsÍfï úêúOdk

142

• wêlrKh

• isú,a fiajh

4' m%:u ckrc jHjia:dj -

1972

• m%:u ckrc jHjia:dfõ miqìu

• m%:u ckrc jHjia:dfõ wdh;ksl jHqyh

^kdñl úOdhlh" leìkÜ úOdhlh" cd;sl

rdcH iNdj" wdKavql%u jHjia:d wêlrKh"

uQ,sl whs;sjdislï&

5' fojk ckrc jHjia:dj -

1978

• fojk ckrc jHjia:dfõ miqìu

• fojk ckrc jHjia:dfõ wdh;ksl jHqyh

^úOdhl ckdêm;s l%uh" md¾,sfïka;=j"

wêlrKh" iudkqmd;sl ksfhdack l%uh"

Tïnqâiauka" uQ,sl whs;sjdislï&

6' Y%S ,xldfõ foaYmd,k mCI • foaYmd,k mCIj, iajNdjh

• foaYmd,k mCI l%ufha iajNdjh

• foaYmd,k mCI l%ufha kj m%jK;d

7' Y%S ,xldfõ ckjd¾.sl

.egqu

• wdrïNh iy j¾Okh

• foaYmd,k n,h ms<sn| .egqu

• cd;sl wkkH;dj

• wd¾Ól idOlfha m%;súmdl

• ffk;sl idOlhkays m%;súmdl

8' Y%S ,xldfõ úfoaY m%;sm;a;s • úfoaY m%;sm;a;sfha we;s jeo.;alu

• 1956 isg úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ;=< we;s jQ

fjkialï

• 1994 isg j¾;udkh olajd úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh

;=< we;s jQ fjkialï

• bkaÿ-Y%S ,xld iïnkaO;d

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajd f.k hk

wdldrh

foaYk meje;aùu

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh-

wLKav we.hSï

mejreu ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍCIKh

,sÅ; mÍCIKh


143


1. Amarasinghe, Y.R. 1998, Revolutionary Idealism and parliamentary Politics : A

study of Trotskysm in Sri Lanka,Social Scientist association, Colombo.

2. Jennings, Iror 1953, The Constitution of Ceylon,Oxford, London.

3. Kearny, R.N. 1973, The Politics of Ceylon, Cornell University Press, London.

4. Warnapala, Wiswa 1993, Sri Lankan Political Science, Navrung, New Delhi.

5. Wilson, A.J. 1979, Politics in Sri Lanka, 1947- 1979, Macmillan, London.

6. Wilson, A.J. 1980, The Guallist System in Asia : The constitution of Sri Lanka,

Macmillan, London, .

7. w;=fldar, mS' 2006" Y%S ,xldfõ jd¾.sl .eg¨j" iriú m%ldYlfhda" kqf.af.dv'

8. nKavdr" kjr;ak' ta' tï' 2007" ì%;dkH hg;a úð; hq.fha Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl

jHdmdrh" *diaÜ mí,sIska" fld<U"

9. chj¾Ok" l=udß 2004" Y%S ,xldfõ lïlre jHdmdrfha ke.Su" iudc úoHd{hskaf.a

ix.uh" fld<U '

10. ú;dkjiï" w;=, 2007" Y%S ,xldfõ wdKavql%uh iy foaYmd,kh" ;rxð m%skag¾ia"

uyr.u'

144

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh PSGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku idudkH ufkdaúoHdj 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

ñksia uki yd p¾hdjka ms<sn| wOHhk lrk fuu úIh j¾;udkh jk úg f,dalfha ckm%shu úIhla njg m;aj we;' ufkdaúoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am" kHhdh yd b.ekaùï ms<sn| ir, y÷kd.ekSula fuu úIh tallh ;=<§ isÿ fõ'


ufkdaúoHdfõ úIh lafËa;%h w;r uQ,sl jk idudkH ufkdaúoHdfõ ixl,amh yd tys iajNdjh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,ndoSu



• ufkdaúoHdj yd tys uQ,sl ixl,amh ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ,nd.kshs'

• udkisl iajNdjh ms<sn| h:d¾:h y÷kd .kshs'

• mqoa., p¾hdj ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nhs'


1. ufkdaúoHdj ye|skaùu

• ks¾jpk lsÍu

• ufkda úoHdfõ b;sydih

• ufkda úoHdfõ iajNdjh

• ufkdaúoHdfõ úIh lafIa;%h

2. ufkdaúoHdfõ .=rel=,

• jHqyjdoh"

• ld¾hnoaO jdoh

• p¾hdjdoh

• ufkda úYaf,aIK jdoh

• f.iafgda,aÜ jdoh

• iudc bf.kqï jdoh

• udkqIjdoh yd idxoDIaáljdoh

3. ufkdaúoHdj wOHhk l%u

• iïmÍlaIKh

• ksÍlaIKh

• wkajdhdu mßlaIKh

• pß; jd¾;d l%uh

• m%f;Hhl wOHhkh

4. ixcdkkh

• ixcdkkh

• ixfõokh

• wjOdkh

5. u;lh

• u;lh yd u;l ixj¾Ok l%u

• ñksia u;lfha iajNdjh

145

6. bf.kqu ^bf.kqï l%u&

• ks¾jpkh lsÍu

• bf.kqï kHdh

7. wNsfm%arKh

• fm%arKj, iajNdjh

• m%d:ñl yd oaú;Shsl fm%arKh

• wNsfm%arK kHdhhka

8Ñ;a;fõ. • iqNjdÈ yd wiqNjdÈ Ñ;a; fõ.

• Ñ;a; fõ. we;sùu yd md,kh

9 nqoaêh

• nqoaêh ye|skaúu

• nqoaê kHdhka

• nqoaêh iy nqoaê M,h

10 fm!reIh

• ye¢kaùu

• j¾.SlrKh

• iajNdjh 10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd 11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï lKavdhï mejreï" iajdêk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßlaIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. tosrsisxy ohd'" 1998" ufkdaúoHdj .=rel=, iy ufkdaúoHd{fhda" j;aud

m%ldYhlfhda'

2. tosrsisxy ohd' {dkodi fmf¾rd' 2005" ufkdaúoHd úu¾Yk" j;aud m%ldYhlfhda'

3. rdukdhl hQ'î'" 2001" ufkdaúoHd moku" i¾fjdaoh úYajf,aLd m%ldYlfhda'

4. uQ¾;s' 2005" ufkdaúoHdj" ñhqfrda m%ldYk'

5. fiakdër is,aú" 20012" <ud j¾Okh yd ixj¾Okh" weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda'

6. ldßhjiï ;sf,daliqkaoÍ" 2008" mshdfÊf.a ixj¾Ok ufkdaúoHdj" úfÊiQßh .%ka:

flakaøh'

7. hdmdr;ak" ví'tï'" 2006" ufkdaúoHdj yd wOHdmk uQ,O¾u" oyï iriúh'

8. Chance, P., and Harris, T.G (Eds.). 1990, The Best of Psychology Today.New York.

McGraw-Hill Inc

9. Allport G.W. 1937, Personality, London.

10. Andrew crowcroft, 1967, The psychotic Studies in Social Pathology, Penguin

Books, U.S.A.

146

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh PSGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku jHjydrsl ufkdaúoHdj 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 yeòskaùSu

Y=oaO ufkdaúoHdfjka ,ndfok oekqu úúO lafIa;%hka ;=< Ndú;hg .ekSu isÿ fõ' fuu mdGud,dfõ§ ta ms<sn| uQ,sl wjfndaOh isiqka fj; ,ndfoa'


• ixj¾Ok l%shdoduh i|yd ufkdaúoHd {dkh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'

• udkisl hymeje;au j¾Okh lsÍfuys,d uQ,sl ufkdaúoHd kHdhhka jHjydrhg .ekSu'



• isiqka ;=< ufkdaúoHd oekqu Ndú;hg .ekSu ms<sn| l=i,;d j¾Okh lrhs'

• úúO ufkdaúoHd lafIa;% ;=< we;s .eg¨ úi|Sug wjYH jHjydßl oekqu fnod fohs'


1. jHjydßl ufkdaúoHdj ye¢kaùu

• yeòskaùu

• b;sydih

• úIh iajdNdjh

2. jHjydßl ufkdaúoHdfõ úIh lafIa;%h

• wOHdmk ufkdaúoHdj • WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj • l%Svd ufkdaúoHdj • wmrdO ufkdaúoHdj • mßir ufkdaúoHdj • ld¾ñl ufkdaúoHdj • mdßfNda.sl ufkdaúoHdj • udOH ufkdaúoHdj • fi!LH ufkdaúoHdj

3. wOHdmk ufkdaúoHdj • ye¢kaùu • bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh • wOHdmk ixj¾Okh

4. WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj 01

• ye¢kaùu

• b;sydih

• iajNdjh

5. WmfoaYk ufkdaúoHdj 02 • WmfoaYk m%fõY

6. l%Svd ufkdaúoHdj

• ye¢kaùu

• l%Svd l=i,;d ixj¾Okh

• l%Svd WmfoaYkh

7. wmrdO ufkdaúoHdj 01

• wmrdO ufkdaúoHd yeòskaùu

• wmrdO ks¾jpkh lsÍu

• wmrdO i|yd n,mdk idOl

147

8. wmrdO ufkdaúoHdj 02 • mqkre;a;dmkh

• mqkre;a;dmk úê

9. ld¾ñl ufkdaúoHdj 01

• yeòskaùu

• b;sydih

• uQ,sl ixl,am

10. ld¾ñl ufkdaúoHdj 02 • /lshd wd;;sh

• /lshd wd;;sfha m%;sM, ye¢kaùu

11. mßir ufkdaúoHdj

• mßir ufkdaúoHdj ye¢kaùu

• mßir ufkdaúoHdfõ ixl,am

• mßir ufkdaúoHdfõ jHjydßl;ajh

12. mdßfNda.sl ufkdaúoHdj • yeòskaùu

• mdßfNda.sl ufkdaúoHdfõ b.ekaùï yd ixl,am

• jHjydßl ;;a;ajh

13. udOH ufkdaúoHdj • udOH ufkdaúoHdj yeòskaùu

• uQ,sl b.ekaùï

• udOHlrKh jHjydßl ufkdaúoHdj

14. fi!LH ufkdaúoHdj • yeòskaùu

• fi!LH ufkdaúoHdfõ m%fNao

• ldhsl yd udkisl fi!LH

15. jHjdydßl ufkdaúoHdj yd iudÔh m%.ukh

• jHjydßl ufkdaúoHdj yd iudÔh m%.ukh

10 mdGud,dj mj;ajdf.k hk wdldrh foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd u`.ska 11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSï

lKavdhï mejreï" iajdêk mejreï fyda ,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mßlaIKh ,sÅ; mÍCIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. f¾j; ysñ l=Tqlkaok" ^2014&" jHjydßl ufkdaúoHdj" rkd," ol=Kq wdishdkq m¾fhaIK yd mqyqKq uOHia:dkh

2. Muchinsky, Paul M., (2013), Psychology applied to work, USA, Wadsworth,

3. Rowan Bayne, Ian Horton,(2003), Applied Psychology: Current Issues and New

Directions, New Delhi, Sage Publications

4. Stephen Mellalieu, Sheldon Hanton, (2008), Advances in Applied Sport Psychology: A

Review, University of Wels UK

5. Paul R. Martin, Fanny M. Cheung, (2011), IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology,

John Wiley & Sons

https://books.google.lk/books?id=4Op9AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=applied+psychology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY7qmTiaHxAhXl7XMBHbybATkQ6AEwCHoECAYQAg

https://books.google.lk/books?id=4Op9AgAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=applied+psychology&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY7qmTiaHxAhXl7XMBHbybATkQ6AEwCHoECAYQAg

148

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh STGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku uQ,sl .Ks;h 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 yeòskaùSu

fuu tAllh .Ks;h ms<snò uQ,sl ixl,am iòyd miqìula imhkq ,nk y`ÿkajdoSfï

mdGud,djls' fuu mdGud,dj u.ska YsIHhkag iudcSh úoHdjkaf.aaaa wfkl=;a fË;% iòyd

fhdod.; yels úYaf,aIKd;aul Ñka;kh f.dvk`.d .ekSug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

tosfkod cSú;fha lghq;=j,oS ixLHdkuh iy .Ks;uh oekqu m%dfhda.slj Ndú; lsÍu

ms<snò fuu tallh u.ska ;jÿrg;a wjfndaOhla ,ndfokq we;' fuu mdGud,dj iïmQ¾K

lsÍfuka miqj YsIHhkag iudc ixLHdk úIh fË;%hg wod< .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu

iòyd .Ks;uh oekqu fhdod .ekSug yelshdj ,efnkq we;'


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq(

• .Ks;fhys uQ,sl ixl,am wjfndaO lr.ekSu

• Ñka;k Yla;sh iy úYaf,aIK l=Y,;d jeäoshqKq lsÍu

• iudcSh úoHdjkays ixlS¾K fË;% ir, lr.ekSug wjYH miqìu iemhSu

8 mdGud,d tallh bf.kSfuka wfmalaIs; M,h(


• ùcSh m%ldYkhka wdY%s; .eg¨ úiòSu iòyd ùc .Ks;h ms<snò úúO uQ,sl kS;s

fhdod .kS

• Nd. Nskak Nd.j,g úfhdackh lrhs

• iudka;r" ir, iy j¾.c iólrK úiòhs

• o¾Yl wdY%s; .eg¿ úiòSu iy ,>q .Kl kS;s fhdod .kS

• m%ia;dr l%u Ndú;fhka iólrK úi£u iy m%ia;dr wòS

• ir, f¾Ldjl iólrKh f.dvk.hs

• oaúmo kHdh úia;r lsÍu iy fhdod .kS

• iudka;r iy .=fKda;a;r fY%aKs wdY%s; .eg¿ úiòhs

• kHdi Ndú;fhkA ir, f¾Çh iólrK úiòhs



1. ùcSh .Ks; kS;s • BODMAS kS;sh

• ùcSh m%ldYk wdl,kh yd jHdl,kh

• ùcSh m%ldYkj, .=Ks;h iy fnoSu

• wdfoaY lsÍu

• Ndú;hka

149

2. ixLHd yeòskaùu • ixLHd j¾.SlrKh

• mßfïh iy wmßfïh ixLHd

• ksÅ," mßñ;" oYu" iudj¾: oYu iy

m%:ul ixLHd

• lrKs iy wÅ,lrKs y`ÿkd .ekSu

• lrKs iq`:lsÍu

3. idOl ìoSu • fmdÿ idOl fiùu

• j¾. foll wka;rh

• >K foll tl;=j iy wka;rh

• ;s%mo j¾.c m%ldYkj, idOl ìoSu

• Ndú;hka

4. Nd. • Nd. tl;= lsÍu iy wvqlsÍu

• Nd. .=KlsÍu iy fnoSu

• Nskak Nd.

5. talc iy j¾.c iólrK

úiòSu

• talc iólrK

• úp,Hh follska iukaú; iu.dó

iólrK

• úp,Hh ;=klska iukaú; iu.dó

iólrK

• idOl fjka lsßfuka j¾.c iólrK

úi`ÿu

• iólrK f.dvke.Su yd úiÿï

6. o¾Yl • o¾Yl kS;s

• o¾Yl kS;s Ndú;fhka ùcSh m%ldYk

iq`: lsÍu

7. ,>q .Kl • ,>q .Kl yeòskaùu

• ,>q .Kl kS;s

• ,>q .Kl kS;s Ndú;fhka ùcSh

m%ldYk iq`t lsÍu

8. lKavdxl cHdñ;sh • ldàiShdkq ;,hl ,ËH msysàu

• ,ËH foll ÿr .Kkh lsÍu

• ir, f¾Ldjl iólrKh fiùu

• ir, f¾Ldjl wkql%ukh fiùu

• iudka;r f¾Ld

• ,ïNl f¾Ld

150

9. m%ia;dr • ùcSh Ys%;j, m%ia;dr

• Wmßu iy wju w.hka

• f(x) = 0 iy f(x) = g(x) ys m%ia;dßl

úi÷u

• Ys%;j, mrdihka

10. l=,l iy oaúmo m%fïhh • l=,l ye`oskaùu

• ixlrK

• ixfhdack

• oaúmo m%fïh

• Ndú;hka

11. iudka;r fY%aKs • w¾: oelaùu

• iudka;r fY%aKsh

• iudka;r fY%aKshl fmdÿ moh ,sùu

• iudka;r uOHkh

• iudka;r fY%aKshl mo n .Kkl

ftlHh

• Ndú;hka

12. .=fKd;a;r fY%aKs • w¾: oelaùu

• .=fKda;a;r fY%aKshl fmdÿ moh ,sùu

• .=fKda;a;r uOHkh

• .=fKda;a;r fY%aKshl mo n .Kkl

ftlHh

• Ndú;hka

13. ffoYsl • ffoYsl yeoskaùu

• ffoYsl kS;Ska

• ffoYsl iudk lsÍu

• ffoYslhl fmr`:u

• ffoYslhl úYd,;ajh

• ffoYsl folla w;r fldaKh

14. kHdi • kHdi ye`oskaùu

• kHdi iudk lsÍu

• kHdi kS;Ska

• kHdi tl;= lsÍu iy wvqlsÍu

• kHdi wÈYhlska .=K lsÍu

• kHdi .=Ks;h

151

• kHdi fmr`:u

• iuñ;sl kHdi

15. ksYapdhl • w¾: oelaùu

• 2x2 iy 3x3 kHdihl ksYapdhl

.Kkh lsÍu

• ksYapdhl .=Ks;h

• l%Eu¾ia kS;sh Ndú;fhka iólrK

úi£u

16. kHdi m%;sf,dauh • w¾: oelaùu

• 2x2 iy3x3kHdij, m%;sf,dau kHdih

fiùu

• kHdi m%;sf,dau Ndú;fhka iólrK

moaO;s úi£u


wdldrh foaYk $ ksnkaOk $ lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh(

wLKav we.hSï mejreï $ uOH jdr mÍlaIK $ bosßm;a lsÍï ,l=Kq

^40-20&

wjidk mßCIKh ^wjidk jdr mÍlaIKh - ,l=Kq ^60-80&

meh ;=kl ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh


1. Abbott, P., & Neil, H. 1996. Teach Yourself Algebra. London: Hodder Headline

Plc.

2. Allen, R., & George, D. 1960. Basic Mathematics. London: McMillan.

3. Ayres, F., & Mendelson, E. 1990. Shaum's Series, Calculus (3rd Ed). New York:

McGraw-Hill.

4. Hall, H. 1960. School Algebra. London: McMillan.

5. Tintner, G. 1953. Mathematics and Statistics for Economists. New York: Rinehart

& Co., Inc.

6. Holden, K., & Pearson, A. 1975. Introductory Mathematics for Economists.

London: David and Charles.

7. Karunarathne, K. 1994. Pure Mathematics 01, Second Edition. Colombo: Lake

house Investment Company Ltd.

152

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh STGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku uQ,sl ixLHdkh

3 mdGud,d w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 yeòskaùSu

ix.kk" iudc wd¾Ól ióËK" Pkao úuiSï iy iudcSh úoHd wOHhkj, oS Ndú;hg

.;yels úYd, o;a; m%udKhla mj;sk kuq;a ;SrK .ekSu iïnkaO ls%hdj,sfha oS fuu

o;a; Ndú;hg .ekSu ie,lsh hq;= f,i wju uÜgul mj;S' fuu o;a; ixLHdkuh

Ys,aml%u Ndú; lrñka ksis wdldrhg úYaf,aIKh lr bosßm;a lsÍfuka ;SrK .ekSfï

yelshdj ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh l< yels fõ' ks.ukj,g t<öfï ls%hdj,sfhaoS tys wjodku

uekSu iòyd fhdod.; yels iïNdú;d ixl,am ms<snò oekqula YsIHhka i;= úh hq;=h'

tuksid iïNdú;djfha uQ,sl ixl,am WodyrK iys;j úia;rd;aulj bosßm;a flfrkq

we;'


7 mdGud,d tallfha wfmalaIs; wruqKq (

• ixLHdkfha bosß mdGud,djka iòyd Ndú;hg .;yels jk uQ,sl ixLHdkuh

Ys,amSh l%u ms<snò l=i,;djka j¾Okh lsÍu

• ixLHdkfha bosß mdGud,djka iòyd Ndú; l<yels iïNdú;dj iy iïNdú;d

ixl,am ms<snò jQ kHdhd;aul rduqj y÷kajdoSu

• wjodku wju lr.ksñka mj;sk o;a; mokï lrf.k m%Yia; ;SrK .ekSu

iòyd úia;rd;aul úYaf,aIKhla isÿlsÍug wjYH moku iemhSu

8 mdGud,d tallh bf.kSfuka wfmalaIs; M,h (


• ixLHdkh ks¾jpkh lsÍu" tys Ndú;h iy ÿ¾j,;d meyeos,s lrhs

• o;a; iy o;a; /ialsÍfï l%u meyeos,s lrhs

• ,nd oS we;s o;a; úia;r lsÍu iòyd iqÿiq m%ia;dr f;dardf.k Ndú; lrhs

• ir, idrdxY.; ixLHd;s .Kkh lsÍu iy w¾:l:kh lrhs

• oaúúp, o;a; úisß ;s;a igykl oelaùu u.ska m%;smdhkh iy iy-iïnkaOh

ms<snòj jQ woyi meyeos,s lrhs

• iy-iïnkaO;d ix.=Kl .Kkh lsÍu iy m%;smdhk f¾Ldj ks¾Kh lrhs

• ld,fY%aKs ixrpl meyeos,s lsÍu iy ksudkh lrhs

• o¾Yldxlj, f.dvke.Su meyeos,s lsÍu iy o;a; Ndú; lsÍfuka úúO o¾Yldxl

.Kkh lrhs

• iïNdú;dj ms<snò úúO msúiqï meyeos,s lrhs

• iïNdú;dj ms<snò .=KHk iy wdl, wdlD;sh fhdod .kS

• wiïNdjH iïNdú;dfõ iy iajdh;a;;dfõ uQ,sl woyia meyeos,s lrhs

• mQ¾K iïNdú;d kS;sh weiqßka fíhia kHdh meyeos,s lrhs

153

• iiïNdù úp,Hhl iïNdú;d jHdma;sh" wfmaËs; w.h iy úp,;dj úia;r

lsÍu iy ks¾Kh lrhs



1. ye`oskaùu • ixLHdkh ms<sn`o ks¾jpk

• ixLHdkfha m%fNao

• ixLHdkfha Ndú;hka

• ixLHdkfha iSudjka

2. o;a; /ialsÍu • o;a; ud¾.

• m%d:ñl o;a; tl;= lsÍfï l%u

• m%Yakdj,sh iy Wmf,aLkh

• m%Yakdj,sh mQ¾j mÍËdj iy

ixialrKh

3. o;a; ixúOdkh lsÍu iy

bosßm;a lsÍu

• j.=

• m%j¾.sl iy m%udKd;aul o;a; bosßm;a

lsÍfï rEmigyka

- is;s,sh

- jDka; m;% igyka

- jg igyka iy ia;ïN igyka

- ;s;a igyka iy úisß ;s;a igyka

- ir, f¾Çh iy iqug f¾Çh

igyka

- f,darkaia jl%h

- me;slv igyka

- Z igyka

• ixLHd; jHdma;sh

• cd, f¾Lh

• ixLHd; nyq wi%h

• iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jHdma;sh iy

iuqÉÑ; ixLHd; jl%

4. flakaøsl m%jK;d ñKqï • uOHkh" uOHia:h iy ud;h

• flakaøsl m%jK;d ñKqïj, .=Kdx.

• Nß;" .=fKda;a;r iy yrd;aul

uOHkh

• p;=¾;l" oYul iy m%;sY;l

154

5. wmlsrK" l=ál;d iy jls%u

ñKqï

• mrdih" p;=¾;l wm.ukh

• uOHkHh wm.ukh

• úp,;dj iy iïu; wm.ukh

• úp,k ix.=Klh

• l=ál;d ñKqï

• jls%u ñKqï

6. m%;smdhkh iy iy-iïnkaO;d

úYaf,aIKh

• úisß ;s;a igyk

• m%;smdhk f¾Ldj ksudkh lsÍu

• ks¾Kk ix.=Klh

• mqfrdal:kh

• >Q¾K iy-iïnkaO;d ix.=Klh

• ;rd iy-iïnkaO;dj

7. o¾Yldxl • ir, idfmaË o¾Yl

• ir, iudydr o¾Yl

• Nß; iudydr o¾Yl

• ,eiamsh¾ o¾Ylh

• mdfIa o¾Ylh

• *sI¾ o¾Ylh

• udI,a tÊj¾;a o¾Ylh

• fyd| o¾Yldxlhl .=Kdx.

• nyq,j Ndú;jk o¾Yldxl

8. iïNdú;d ixl,am • iiïNdù m¾fhaIK" kshos wjldY iy

isoaê

• iïNdú;d ixl,am

• iïNdjH msúiqu" idfmaË ixLHd;

msúiqu" mqoa., noaO msúiqu iy

.Ks;uh msúiqu

• isoaëka iïnkaO lsÍu

• wfkHdakH jYfhka nysIaldrl isoaê

iy wdl,k kshuh

• iduQysl jYfhka ksrjfYaI isoaê

• ksh; iïNdú;d wjldY

• ksh; iuiïNdú;d wjldY

• wksh; kshos wjldY

155

9. wiïNdjH iïNdú;dj iy

iajdhla;;dj

• wiïNdjH iïNdú;dj

• wiïNdjH iïNdú;dj i`oyd .=KHk

kshuh

• iajdh;a; isoaê

10. iïNdú;d kshu • .=KHk kshuh

• ksh; wdkqudksl l%shdj,s iy rela

igyka

• uq¿ iïNdú;d kshuh

• fíhia kHdh

• iajdh;a; iy mqkrdj¾; keyeiqï

11. iiïNdù úp,Hhka • úúla; iiïNdù úp,Hhka

• úúla; iiïNdù úp,Hhl iïNdú;d

ialkaO Ys%;h" wfmaËdj" úp,;dj iy

iïu; wm.ukh

• úúla; iiïNdù úp,Hhl iuqÉÑ;

jHdma;s Ys%;h

• ika;;sl iiïNdù úp,Hhka

• ika;;sl iiïNdù úp,Hhl

iïNdú;d >k;aj Ys%;h" wfmaËdj"

úp,;dj iy iïu; wm.ukh

• ika;;sl iiïNdù úp,Hhl jHdma;s

Ys%;h

12. noaO iïNdú;d jHdma;s • ye`oskaùu

• noaO iïNdú;d jHdma;shl jHdma;s

Ys%;h" iy-úp,;dj" iy iy-

iïnkaO;dj

• iajdh;a; iiïNdù úp,Hh


wdldrh foaYk $ ksnkaOk $ lKavdhï idlÉPd

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh(

wLKav we.hSï mejreï $ uOH jdr mÍlaIK

lKavdhï jev" bosßm;a lsÍï" iy jHdmD;s - ,l=Kq

^40-20&

wjidk mßCIKh wjidk jdr mÍlaIKh - ,l=Kq ^60-80&

meh ;=kl ,sÅ; mÍlaIKh

156


1. Beaver, M. B. 2007. Probability and Statistics. Baba Barkha Nath Printers.

2. Gupta, S. 1979. Statistical Techniques. New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Sons.

3. Jayatissa, W. A. 1995. Basic Statistics – I (Descriptive Statistics), Second Edition.

Colombo: Tharanjee Prints.

4. Jayatissa, W. A. 1991. Basic Statistics - II(Probability & Probability Distribution).

Colombo: Tharanjee Prints.

5. Karunarathne, K. 1994. Pure Mathematics 01, Second Edition. Colombo: Lake

house Investment Company Ltd.

6. Lipschutz, S. 1968. Theory and Problems of Probability, Schaum’s Outlines

Series. New York: McGraw-Hill.

7. Spiegel, M. R. 1961. Theory and Problems of Statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill.

157

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh SOGE 1001 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku iudc úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

±kg Ndú;jk iudÔh úoHd úIhka w;r iudc úoHd úIh yeoEÍu Wfoid úYd,

m%jK;djla foaYShj fukau cd;Hka;rjo Wmdê wfmalaIlhka w;r mj;S' iudch

kùlrKh;a iuÕu we;sjk .eg¨ úi|d iudch kej; ilia lsÍu Wfoid fukau"

ñksidg hym;a ixj¾Okhla w;am;a lr§u Wfoid iudc úoHd{hkaf.a m¾fhaIK ;=<ska

úYd, odhl;ajhla ,nd.; yels nj f;areï f.dia we;s lreKls' fï ksidu j¾;udkh

jk úg iudÔh úoHdjka yodrk Wmdê wfmalaIlhkag wu;rj ffjoH úoHd" Y=oaO

úoHdjka" bkaðfkare" l<ukdlrK" lDIsl¾u" id;a;= fiajd hk ish¨u úIh

lafIa;%hkays Wmdê wfmalaIlhka iudc úoHdj yeoEÍu i|yd Wkkaÿjla olajk nj

meyeÈ,sh' iudc úoHdj ;u Wmdêfha m%Odk úIhla f,i yeoEÍug wfmalaIs; Wmdê

wfmalaIlhkaf.a uQ,sl úIh ±kqu j¾Okh lsÍu fuu úIh tallfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fõ'



• uQ,sl iudc úoHd;aul wjfndaOh ;=< iudc lreKq úYaf,aIKh i|yd iajhx

wOHhkhla lssÍfï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'

• uQ,sl iudc úoHd;aul ixl,am ms<sn|j wjfndaOhla ,nd §u'

• iudc úoHd;aul ±kqu m%dfhda.slj fhdod .ekSu Wfoid wjfndaOh we;s lsÍu'

• iudc úoHdj yeoEÍu Wfoid wjYH uQ,sl ±kqu ,nd §u'



• iudc úoHdfõ uQ,sl ixl,am ms<sn|j Wmdê wfmalaIlhka mq¿,a wjfndaOhla

,nhs

• iudc úoHdj fjk;a úIhka iuÕ wka;¾ iïnkaO jk wdldrh ms<sn|j ±kqula

,nhs

• iudc ls%hdj,sh yd iudch jvd;a fyd¢ka f;areï .ekSfï yelshdjla ,nhs



1. iudc úoHdfõ iajNdjh

• úIh lafIa;%h iy wruqKq

• fjk;a iudc úoHd úIhka iy iudc

úoHd úIh w;r iïnkaOh

• iudc úoHdjg uq,msrE iudc Ñka;kh

iy iudc úoHdfõ m%Njh we;s jQ wdldrh

ms<sn|j fM;sydisl ú.%yhla

158

2. iïNdjH iudc úoHd{hska

ms<sn|j ye¢kaùula

• T.iaÜ fldïÜ

• y¾nÜ iafmkai¾

• tñ,a vq¾lysï

• uelaia fjn¾

• ld,a udlaia

3. iudcdkqfhdackh

• m%d:ñl iudcdkqfhdackh

• oaú;Shsl iudcdkqfhdackh

• iudcdkqfhdack ldrl

• iudcdkqfhdack j¾.SlrKh

• fm!reI;ajh ms<sn| uQ,sl ye¢kaùula

• ixialD;sh fm!reI;ajhg n,mEu

4. iudc iuQy

• m%d:ñl iuQy

• oaú;Shsl iuQy

• úêu;a yd wúêu;a iuQy

• ;sria iy isria iuQy

• iuQy.;sl

• iuQy ixila;slNdjh

5. ;;a;ajh yd ld¾hNdrh

• wdfrdams; ;;a;ajh yd idê; ;;a;ajh

• ;;a;aj ud,dj

• ld¾hNdr j¾.SlrKh

• ld¾hNdr .egqu

6. m%cdj y÷kd .ekSu

• m%cdj y÷kd .ekSfï ks¾kdhl

• m%cdfõ iajNdjfhys jHqyhka

• m%cdj j¾.SlrKh yd ,laIK

• .%dóh m%cdfjys úfYaI ,laIK

• kd.ßl m%cdfjys úfYaI ,laIK

7. iudc ixia:d ms<sn| uQ,sl

wOHhkh

• mjq,a ixia:dj

• wd.ñl ixia:dj

• wd¾Ól ixia:dj

• wOHdmksl ixia:dj

• foaYmd,k ixia:dj

8. iudc ia;rdhKh yd p,H;dj −

159

9. ixialD;sh yd iudc

w.kdlï

• ixialD;sh ms<sn| iudc úoHd;aul

ks¾jpk

• ixialD;sfha m%Odk fn§ï

• Wm ixialD;ska yd ÿ.S nfõ ixialD;sh


wdldrh


11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu

lKavdhï mejreï" iajdêk mejreï fyda ,sÅ;

mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&

wjidk mÍlaIKh

,sÅ; mÍlaIKh ,l=Kq ^80&

12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Haralambos with R. M. Heald., 1980/1981, Sociology: Themes and Perspectives,

Oxford University Press, New Delli.

2. Rao, Shankar, C. N., 1990/1998, Sociology, Chands & company, New Delli

3. Landis, P.H., 1958, Introduction Sociology, Ronald Press, New York

4. r;akmd," kkaofiak'" 1986$1995" iudc úoHdfõ uQ,O¾u" f,ala yjqia" fld<U'

5. fmf¾rd" fgksika" î 'ta'" 1993$2005" udkj úoHd yd iudc úoHd m%fõYh" f.dvf.a

ifydaorfhda "fld<U'

6. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2005$2009" uQ,sl iudc úoHdj 1" l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

7. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2009$2011" iudc ixia:d" l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

8. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2008$2010" iïNdjH iudc úoHd{fhda" l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

9. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2009" .%dóh iudc úoHdj " l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

10. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2009" kd.ßl iudc úoHdj " l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

11. o" is,ajd" wurisß'" 2012" iudc úoHdj 1" l¾;D m%ldYk" uykqjr'

160

1 mdGud,d tallfha fla;lh SOGE 1002 2 mdGud,d tallfha ku iuld,Sk iudch yd iudc fjkiaùu 3 tall w.h 04 4 wOHhk j¾Ih m<uqjk jir 5 ye`oskaùSu

iudc meje;au" ixúOdkd;aul iajrEmh" iudc jHqyh fukau iudc ixialD;sl rgdfõ

fjkia ùu thgu wkkH jQ .;s iajNdjhls' kj ksmoùï" fidhd .ekSï" úoHd yd

;dlaIKsl fukau udkj nqoaêfha iQlaIau;djfhka hqla; m%mxp iudc úoHd{hkaf.a

ksrka;r m¾fhaIKhg Ndckh jQjls' iudc úoHd úIh wdrïNl wjia:dfõ isgu fuu

f;audjka wOHhkhg ,laj ;sfí'



• iuld,Sk iudch yd iudc fjkia ùug wod< ixl,am yd isoaOdka; yeoEÍu'

• fjkia fjñka mj;sk f.da,Sh iudch yd iajlSh iudch w;r jQ úIu;dj jgyd

f.k úoHd;aul kj oekqñka fmdaIKh ùfï wjYH;dj ms<sf.k l%shd;aul ùu'



• YsIHhkag fuu mdGud,dj yeoEÍfuka ;oa úIhg wod< ixl,am yd isoaOdka;

ms<sn| m%udKj;a oekqula ,nd .ekSug yelshs'

• ;uka ,nk oekqu M,odhs wdldrfhka Ndú; lsÍfuka" úYaf,aIKh lsÍfuka

iudc ixj¾Okhg odhl ùfï YlH;d y÷kd .kS'



1. iudc meje;au iy fjkiaúSu

• fjkia ùu$úmßKduh hkq l=ulao@

ks¾jpk" ixl,amSh ú.%yh

2. kQ;k iudc fjkia ùu

flfrys isÿ flreKq n,mEïys

fM;sydisl j¾Okh

• iudÔh yd ixialD;sl fjkiaùï

wjfndaO lr .ekSu

• m%xY úma,jh$ reishdkq úma,jh

• ld¾ñl úma,jh

• f,dal hqoaO

3. iudc fjkiaùu flfrys f.dv

ke`.=K isoaOdka;

• frdn¾Ü fla' u¾gka ( uOH m¾hka;

kHdh

• fgdïnkaia" *¾äkkaâ fgdakSia (

f.uhska IdmaÜ" f.I,a IdmaÜ" c.;a

moaO;s kHdh

161

4. idïm%odhsl;ajfhka kQ;k;ajhg

wod< iudc fjkiaùï ldrl"

iajdNjfha jdis wjdis iys;j

• f.da,ShlrKh

• kd.ÍlrKh

• kùlrKh

• ngysrlrKh

• ld¾ólrKh

• f,!lsllrKh

• ixialD;sllrKh

5. ;=kajeks f,dalfha iudc

f.da,ShlrKh fjñka mj;sk

iudc Ôú;h

• wêrdcHjdofhka ìysjqKq wd¾Ól l%uh

• È<s÷lu

• f,dalh yd we;s iïnkaO;d wdydr

ksIamdokh yd l=i.skak" Kh .e;sNdjh

6. rdcH fkdjk cd;Hka;r

l%shdldrS;ajh

• tlai;a cd;Ska

• wfkl=;a cd;Hka;r ixúOdk nyq

cd;sl iud.ïys ixialD;sl

wêrdcHjdoh

7. ia;%S mqreI iajNdjh • ia;%S mqreI iudc kHdh ms<sn`o ixl,am

• ia;%S mqreI iudc kHdh yd iudc

fjkiaùu


wdldrh

foaYk iy lKavdhï idlÉPd u`.ska

11 we.hSï l%ufõoh

wLKav we.hSu

lKavdhï mejreï" iajdêk mejreï fyda

,sÅ; mÍCIK ,l=Kq ^20&


12 ks¾foaYs; .%ka:

1. Alix, K. Ernest, 1995, Sociology, West publishing company, Minneapolis, USA.

2. Giddens, Anthony, 1991, Introduction to Sociology, W. W. Norton & Company,

Newyork.

3. Modern Robert K. 1957, Social Theory & Social Structure, Free press,

Newyork

4. Browning, G. et.al. 1999, Understanding Contemporary Society, Sage

Publication, New York.

5. Ebrahim, A. 2019, Measuring Social Change, Stanford University Press,

Stanford.

6. iurfldaka" uhqr'" 2009" iudc fjkiaùu" l¾;D m%ldYk" fld<U'

udkjydia;% yd iudcshúohd msgh

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