D170 W15 Heart Williams

What are the two main functions of the heart?

Where is the heart located in the thorax? Use proper anatomical terminology to discuss its position.

What is the pericardium? Describe the following layers of the pericardium:

Fibrous pericardium –

Serous pericardium –

Parietal layer of serous pericardium – Visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium) –

Pericardial cavity –

Describe the structure and function of the three layers of the heart wall.

Epicardium –

Myocardium –

Endocardium –

What are the four chambers of the heart?

D170 W15 Heart Williams

Describe the structure and function of the internal chambers of the heart, noting the following structures:

Interventricular septum –

Interatrial septum –

Coronary sulcus –

Anterior interventricular sulcus –

Posterior interventricular sulcus –

Right atrium –

Superior vena cava –

Inferior vena cava –

Pectinate muscles –

Crista terminalis –

Right ventricle –

Pulmonary trunk –

Trabeculae carnae –

Papillary muscles –

Chordae tendineae –

Left atrium –

Pulmonary veins –

Left ventricle –

Aorta –

D170 W15 Heart Williams

Complete the following table about heart valves.

Valve # of cusps Chambers it connects

Direction of normal blood

flow

When is it closed?

When is it opened?

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Left atrioventricular (bicuspid) valve

(mitral valve)

Aortic valve

Pulmonary (semilunar) valve

What is the cardiac skeleton? What are its functions?

D170 W15 Heart Williams

Explain the path that blood takes through the heart and the systemic and pulmonary circuits. Start with blood returning to the heart via the inferior and superior vena cava.

Skip section on cardiac muscle tissue

Explain how the conduction system of the heart works, noting the following structures:

Sinoatrial (SA) node –

Intermodal pathway –

Atrioventricular (AV) node –

Atrioventricular (AV) bundle –

Subendocardial conducting network (Purkinje fibers) –

D170 W15 Heart Williams

Complete the following table regarding coronary arteries.

Coronary artery Origination point Pathway to destination Supplies what structures with blood?

Left coronary artery

Anterior interventricular artery (left anterior descending artery)

Circumflex artery

Right coronary artery

Marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery (posterior

descending artery)

Describe the location and function of cardiac veins, noting the following specific vessels:

Coronary sinus –

Great cardiac vein –

Middle cardiac vein –

Small cardiac vein –