UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report

Collyn Chan

Alma Mater Society of the University of British Columbia New Student Union Energy Dashboard Project

GRS 397

June 13, 2015

891

2002

University of British Columbia

Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS Program provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned

in a report or a SEEDS team representative about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report”.

GRS397: DIRECTED FIELD STUDIES:ALMA MATER SOCIETY OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF BRITISH COLUMBIA NEW STUDENT UNION ENERGY DASHBOARD PROJECT

Building Dashboards and Sustainable Behaviour Changes

Collyn Chan

GRS397: Directed Studies in Global Resource Systems University of British Columbia

Dr. Brent Skura

June 13, 2015

GRS397DirectedFieldStudies:AlmaMaterSocietyoftheUniversityofBritishColumbiaNewStudentUnionEnergyDashboardProject

BuildingDashboardsandSustainableBehaviourChangesCollynChan

GRS397UBCVancouverDr.BrentSkuraJune13,2015

CollynChan2

TableofContentsExecutiveSummary.........................................................................................................................3

Introduction....................................................................................................................................5

ObjectivesofProject...................................................................................................................5

Background:BuildingManagementSystems..............................................................................6

Methodology...................................................................................................................................7

Providinginformationisnotenoughtochangebehaviour.............................................................8

Findings.........................................................................................................................................10

Discussion......................................................................................................................................14

DesigningforSustainableBehaviourChange:fosteringacultureofsustainablebehaviour....14

Flexibilityandpersonalizationwithinthesystembuilt.............................................................16

Dashboardprojectisalivinglab...............................................................................................16

Recommendations........................................................................................................................17

Appendices....................................................................................................................................21

I. Establishingacultureofactingsustainably:sampleactions............................................21

II. ExistingEnergyDashboardsversusProposedDashboard................................................22

III. LargerSampleLayouts.....................................................................................................25

WorksCited...................................................................................................................................26

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ExecutiveSummary

TheAlmaMaterSocietyofUBC(AMS)iscurrentlyintheconstructionphaseoftheNewStudent

UnionBuilding(SUB).ThedesignforthebuildingaimstoachieveLeadershipinEnergy&

EnvironmentalDesign(LEED)Platinumstatus,theirhighestgreenbuildingrating.Onerequired

featurethesocietyislookingtoimplementisaconsumptionfeedbacktooltoengageoccupants

ofthebuildingthroughanenergydashboard.Thisreportassessestechniquesthatshouldbe

utilizedforenergydashboardstoassistinpromotingsustainablebehaviourstargetedbythe

AMSwithinthebuilding.

Basedonaliteraturereview,Iassessedseveraldashboarddesignsalreadyavailablein

theindustryaswellasthechallengesfacedbytheseinterfaces.After,communitybasedsocial

marketinganddigitalcommunicationsstrategieswereidentifiedascriteriaforthedesignofthe

dashboardforthenewAMSbuilding.Ithenanalyzedotherfactorsofbehaviourchangeneeded

toachieveobjectivesidentifiedbytheAMSthatatypicalbuildingdashboardwouldnotusually

accommodate.AsrequestedbytheAMS,consultationswithrelevantstakeholderswereheldto

establisharecommendationfortheappropriatetechnologiesneededtomoveforward.

Thepositivebehaviouraleffectsofexistingenergydashboardsdwindleovertime

(Hargreavesetal.,2010).Existingenergydashboardsneedadditionalmotivatorsinorderto

establishsustainablebehavioursinabuildingsuchastheNewSUB.Effectivecommunicationis

animportantaspectofpromotingsustainablebehavioursandthebuildingdashboardmust

adheretodigitalcommunicationstrategiesinadditiontoitsroleasaconsumptionfeedback

tool.However,studiesshowthatsustainablebehavioursarebestmotivatedwhenoneis

immersedinacultureofenvironmentalstewardship.TheAMSmustestablishthisculturewithin

thebuilding,inwhichenergydashboardswillonlyplayapart.

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Duetothescopeoftheinitialproject,whichfocusedonthedesignofthedashboard

system,recommendationsforestablishingsocialnormsarelimited.Irecommendthatfurther

studybeconductedinthisareatoestablishthebestcombinationofcommunicationandsocial

programmingwithintheNewSUB.

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Introduction

TheAlmaMaterSociety(AMS)willbecompletingandopeningtheNewStudentUnionBuilding

inSeptember2015.Adrivinggoaloftheprojecthasnotonlybeentodesignandconstructa

sustainablebuilding,butalsotodesignoperationalprocessesandstrategiesthatwillimprove

sustainablesocialbehavioursamongbuildingusers.TheAMSwillbeemployingaBuilding

ManagementSystem(BMS)thatgathersdatathroughmeterstooptimizebuildingenergy

usage.TheAMShasbeenpursuingdevelopmentofauser-enddashboardthatwilldisplaythis

informationinordertoengageusersofthebuildingin:

1. thesustainabilityfeaturesofthebuilding;

2. campus-wideinitiativestoreducewaterandenergyusageandwasteproduction;and

3. campus-widesocialbehaviouralchanges.

ObjectivesofProject

• Identifybestpracticesinoperationsanddashboardprogramming,socialmarketing

strategiesandsustainablebehaviorchange

• Developsuitableandsustainableprogrammingfortheenergydashboardinterface

• Developmaterialsfordashboardinterface(designandlayout)

• DevelopaviableactionplantoputforwardtotheAMSforapproval,basedonresources

theAMSwillhaveaccessto

Astheprojectprogressed,keystakeholdersrequestedthattheprojecttobemorefocusedon

thedesignandfunctionalityofthedashboardandlessonthedashboardcontent.

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Background:BuildingManagementSystems

Inrecentyears,environmentalsustainabilityhasbecomeanincreasinglyprominentelementof

theconstructionindustry.SustainabilityhasbeenembeddedbytheAMSintotheNewSUB

Projectfromthebeginning.Thismanifestsin,amongotherinitiatives,thegoaltoachieveLEED

(LeadershipinEnergyandEnvironmentalDesign)Platinum+status,thehighestgreenbuilding

rating,andimplementingbothoperationalandsocialsustainabilitymeasuresfordesign,

construction,operationanddecommissioningofthebuildingasstatedintheNewSUB

SustainabilityCharter(AlmaMaterSocietyofUBC,2011).AslaidoutbyLEEDrequirementsin

the“EnergyandAtmosphere”category,greenbuildingconstructionaimstoachievegreater

energyefficiency(UnitedStatesGreenBuildingCouncil,2013).Onemethodofachievingthese

goalsistoemployanautomatedcontrolsystem(Cooperman,Dieckmann,&Brodrick,2012)–a

buildingmanagementsystem(BMS).Anautomatedbuildingmanagementsystemgathersdata

fromvariousmetersinthebuildingduringitsoperationandrespondstoreduceenergyusage

andwasteproductionaswellasincreaseenergyefficiency.Inadditiontocontrollinglighting,

temperatureandenergyconsumption(Cooperman,Dieckmann,&Brodrick,2012;Johnson

Controls,2014;SchneiderElectric,2014),BMSsystemscanalsotracktrendsovertime.Metrics

tobetrackedintheNewStudentUnionBuildinginclude:

• Rainwatercatchment

• Waterusage

• Electricityusage

• Naturalgasusage

• Solarelectricitygeneration

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• Thermalcomfort

• Carbondioxidelevels(determiningindoorairquality)

(MichaelKingsmill,personalcommunicationonMarch21,2014)

TheNewSUBwillfeatureprojectsimplementedbypreviousSocialEcologicalEconomic

DevelopmentStudies(SEEDS)studentsandAMSstaff.Theseincludeasinglescalethat

measuresbuildingwastefromfourstreams(compostablematerialsdestinedforUBC'sin-vessel

composter,recyclableplastics,recyclablepaper,solidwaste)implementingacampus-wide

reusablecontainerprogram(Eco-to-Go)andanin-housebiodigester.Duetotheseunique

features,theAMShasstipulatedthatseveraloperationalmetricsmustbemonitored:

• “GreenDiscount”giventothosewhobringtheirowncontainers

• Eco-to-Goprogramcontainerpurchases

• Datacollectedfromfourwastestreamsleavingthebuildingmeasuredinkg

• Compostablematerialsdivertedtoin-housebiodigestermeasuredinkg

MethodologyThisreportisbasedonaliteraturereviewsourcedfrompeer-reviewedsourcesaswellas

publicationsfromindustryprofessionals.Inaddition,Iinterviewedvariousstakeholders

includingAMSDesignerMichaelKingsmill,UBCCampusSustainabilityClimateandEnergy

EngineerLillianZaremba,UBCDigitalInformationChannelsCommunicationsCoordinatorJamil

RhajiakandUBCLandandFoodSystemsMultimediaDeveloperDuncanMcHughinordertogain

insightonthecurrenttechnologies,strategiesandlimitationsofsimilarprojectsoncampus.

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Providinginformationisnotenoughtochangebehaviour

TrendsandanalysesproducedbyBMSsystemsarefedintointeractivedashboardsthatallow

usersofthebuildingto“viewcurrentandhistoricalreal-timeenergyconsumption/production

data”(LucidDesign,2012).ThissystemcanbeappliedtoachieveLEED'sOccupantEngagement

andBehaviourChangecredit.Thecreditisearnedthroughthreecomponents:providing

consumptionfeedbacktobuildingoccupants;empoweringoccupantswithdatathrough

engagementactivities,andmonitoringthedatatoobservetheperformanceofoccupant

behaviourchange(USGBC,2014).

Industrydashboardsoftware(LucidDesign,PulseEnergy,SchneiderElectric,Honeywell,

etcetera)provideplatformsforfeedbacktousersregardingtheirutilityconsumption.In

“Curiositytocupboard:Selfreporteddisengagementwithenergyusefeedbackovertime,”

Snowetal.(2013)notethatalthoughthereiswidespreadevidencethateco-feedbackprovides

positivebehaviouralreactions,theeffectivenessoffeedbackdevicesdifferovertime.Intheir

study,Snowetal.(2013)interviewedusersofasimplefeedbackdevicethatdisplayedtheir

energyconsumptionandindicatedwhenconsumptionwashigherthanaverage.Although

participantsthatownedfeedbackdeviceshadallinitiallybeeninterested,manynotedthatthe

device“failedtomaintain[their]interests”overtime,inparticularbecausethesedevicesdid

notprovideuserswithnewinformation.Secondly,thestudystatesthatalthoughthesedevices

informedusersabouttheirenergyconsumptionanduserswereindeedmotivatedtoperform

actionstosavemoney,thedevices“failedtomotivatepro-environmentalbehaviour”(Snowet

al,2013).Inotherwords,usersdidnotperformtherequisiteenergysavingactionstoachieve

thosegoalsdespiteanincentivetodoso.Similarly,in“Makingenergyvisible:Aqualitativefield

studyofhowhouseholdersinteractwithfeedbackfromsmartenergymonitors,”Hargreaveset

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al.(2010)compareduserengagementwiththreedifferenttypesofdevicesovertime.Their

studyfoundthat,overall,the“leastcommonbehavioureffect”wasmotivatingchangesto

consumptioninotherareasoftheirownlife,orencouragingotherstoreducetheirenergy

consumption(Hargreavesetal,2010).Thissuggeststhattheinformation-deficitmodel(an

assumptionwhereincreasedfeedbackincreasesawarenessorknowledgeleadstochangesin

energy-usebehaviourandthereforeadecreaseinconsumption)positedbyWilhiteandLing

(1995)maynotactuallypromotesustainablebehaviourchangesandthatinformationprovision

maynotbethedeterminantthatpromotessocialbehavioralchange.

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FindingsDesigningforSustainableBehaviouralChange:BuildingDashboards

a.LocationandAestheticAppeal

Asidentifiedabove,akeyissuewithdashboardandfeedbackdevicesistheirabilitytoholduser

interestovertime.InHargreavesetal.(2010),thereweresignificantlyhigherlevelsofinterest

amongusersfortwoofthethreecommercialdevicesthatweretestedbecauseoftwofactors:

1)thecompanyinsistedthatthemonitorbeplacedinaprominentlocationwithinthehouse

and2)thecompanydeviceswereperceivedashavingbetteraestheticdesignandcoloured

graphics.ThisissupportedbySnowetal.(2013),whofound“highlyvisualandplayful”eco-

feedbackprototypeswerewellreceived.”Thefindingsfromthesestudiesaresupportedby

variousotherindustryreports.TheUniversityofBritishColumbia’s“ContentGuidelinesfor

DigitalSignage”(2011)lists“signagescreenlocations,”“relevanceandaccessibilityofthe

information,”and“designandaestheticintegrity”ascriteriaforaclearcommunications

strategy.ThesupportforappealinggraphicsisechoedinotherstudiessuchasTractinskyetal.’s

“Whatisbeautifulisusable”(2000).Theirfindingsindicatethatthereisastrongrelationship

betweeninitialuser“perceptionsofinterfaceaestheticsandtheirperceptionsofthesystem’s

usability.”Thisissupportedbyresearchinsocialpsychologyandconsumerbehaviourthat

suggest,“adesign’saestheticsmayimproveusers’moodandtheiroverallevaluationsofthe

system”(Tractinskyetal.,2000).Therefore,currentgraphicandwebdesigntrendsshouldbe

incorporatedintothedashboard’sdesign.Thiswillincreasetheperceivedusefulnessofthe

dashboardandensureahigherprobabilityofengagementbybuildingusers.

b.UserExperience:Compelling,Compact,GuidedContent

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Adashboarddesignedwithanobjectiveofuserengagementmustusetheinterfaceand

informationpresentedtostay“relevanttodifferentusers”(JuiceAnalytics,2009).Thisbegins

withcontrollinghow“compellingcontent”((Shneiderman,2004)isaccessedbyusers.

MarketingstudiesandUX(user-experience)designprofessionalsstatethatdatashouldreveal

firsttheinformationthat“deservesattention”andisthemostimportantforallusersto

understand(JuiceAnalytics,2009;Patterntry,2010;McKenzie-Mohr,2000).Informationshould

bygroupedintoclearandconciseportionsthatcanbe“graduallyrevealed”todisplaygreater

detail(JuiceAnalytics,2009).Visualcuesandpromptsshould“guide”theusertoexplorethe

moredetailedinformationthatisselectedbybuildingstaff.Theseuser-experiencemethodsare

inlinewithresearchthatsupportsdigitalstorytelling(useofvisuals,photographyandtext)asa

toolforengagingabroadrangeofaudiences,particularlystudents(Sadik,2008;Barrett,2007).

(AdaptedfromJuiceAnalytics,2009)

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User-experienceconsiderations:

• Locationofattention(topleftismostobserved)

• Grids

• Whitespace

• Colourtheory(themeaningsbehindcolours;coloursappropriatefordisplayingdata)

• Typography

• Charttype

c)PeerNetwork:Competition,Cooperation

Severalstudieshaveshownthatmoreenergyisconservedmoregreatlywhenfeedbackdevices

compareanindividual’sconsumptionwiththatoftheirpeersortheaverageconsumer.InSnow

etal.(2013),theabilitytocompareenergyconsumptionwiththoseofsimilarageorfamiliesof

similarsizewasnotedasadesirablefunction.ThisissupportedbyChenetal.’s(2012)study,

“Modelingbuildingoccupantnetworkenergyconsumptiondecision-making:Theinterplay

betweennetworkstructureandconservation”wheretheynotethatin“tighter[...and]denser

networks,”thesharingofpeerenergyconsumptiondatacan“improveenergysavingbehaviour”

(2011).Hargreavesetal.(2010)echothisintheirstudy,wheretheyfoundthatenergy

consumptionisa“socialandcollective[...]process.”However,householddashboardscan

promotebothsensesof“empowermentordisempowerment,”whenindividualsdiscussenergy

reductionstrategieswithhouseholdmembersorwhenresultsinvokefeelingsof“anxietyand

evenguilt.”Thesharingofpeernetworksmaynotresultinsignificantenergyusereduction.

Snowetal.(2013)notesthattheeffectofpeersharingispolarizing–somedesirethe

comparisonwhileothersdonot.Existingenergydashboardscomparecampusbuildingstoone

another.Forexample,UBC’sPulseEnergyDashboard(2014)cancomparestatisticsbetween

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residences.However,comparisontootherbuildingsmaynotaccuratelyreflectthemeaningof

“peer”inasocialcommunitythatisuniquetoabuildingsuchastheNewSUB.Itisneithera

residencenoranacademicbuilding.Thisreportwilllaterdiscusshowthedashboardshould

utilizethemeaningof“peer”withintheNewSUBasameanstocultivatebehaviouralchange

whileutilizingtheenergydashboard.

d)CallstoAction

“Iprobablyuseditmorewhenwefirstgotit[...butthen]youdevelophabitsto

switchthingsoffandkeepthelightsoff–andthenyoudon’tneedtolookatitso

much”

(Participantfeedback,Hargreavesetal.,2010).

Mostuserinteractionswithanenergydashboardtendtofollowapattern:atfirstexposure,

usersaremorewillingtochangetheirbehaviourasprompted.However,asillustratedinthe

feedbackquotedabove,usersloseinterestinperformingpositivebehavioursastimemoveson

(Snowetal.,2013).DuetothenatureoftheNewSUB,frequentuserturnoverwillensurethere

willlikelyalwaysbemanyindividualsin“discovery”phase,butlikelymanymoreinthe

“maintenance”phase,sostrategiesincommunicationmustappealtothissecondtype.

Similarly,McKenzie-Mohr's(2000)“QuickReference:CommunityBasedSocialMarketing”notes

thathumanstendtoforgettotakeactionsthat“supportsustainability”andthat“prompts”are

effectiveaidstoincitesustainableactions.Indashboarddesign,JuiceAnalytics(2009)states

thatdashboardsmustanswerthequestion“whatdoIdowiththisinformation?”andtherefore,

shoulddisplay“actionableinformation.”Criteriaforclearcalltoactionsinclude:

• Noticeableprompts,“visuallyprominent”

• Self-explanatory,commoninterpretation

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• Presentedclosetowheretheactionistobetaken

(McKenzie-Mohr,2000;JuiceAnalytics,2009)

Discussion

TheAMShopestoimproveenergyefficientbehavioursinadditiontoothersustainable

behaviours,suchasimprovingwastediversion,loweringsalesofbottledwater,andencouraging

useofpublictransportation.Whenitcomestosustainableactions,studieshaveshownthat

eventhoughanindividualmayagreethatenvironmentalsustainabilityisimportant,these

opinionsdonotnecessarilyleadtosustainableactions(Crossetal,2010;OwensandDriffill,

2008;Simcocketal,2013).Whatthesestudiespointoutisthatprovidinginformationor

changingattitudecannotguaranteesustainablebehaviourchange.Sowhatcanchange

behaviour?

DesigningforSustainableBehaviourChange:fosteringacultureofsustainablebehaviour

Community-basedsocialmarketingshowsthatclearlycommunicatedandtangibleactionswill

increasethelikelihoodofpositivebehaviourbeingadopted(McKenzie-Mohr,2000).However,

themosteffectiveinterventionsforbehaviours“involvecombinationsofmass-mediamessages,

household-andbehavior-specificinformation,andcommunicationthroughindividuals'social

networksandcommunities”(Dietzetal,2009;McKenzie-Mohr,2000).Theroleofanenergy

dashboardismerelyatoolofcommunicationthatprovidesinformation.Theinterfacemayuse

themosteffectivestrategies,butwithoutcombiningitwithstrategiesthatengagethesocial

environmentitisembeddedin,thedashboardalonewillnotachievetheAMS'sgoalsfor

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sustainablebehaviouralchangesinthelong-term.Sustainablebehaviourchangecanmanifest

withinabuildingwheneffectivecommunicationiscombinedwithsocialengagement.

Substantialresearchinsocialscienceandbehaviourchangeagreesthat“theactionsof

individualsarepowerfullyshapedbytheobservationsofothers”(Markowitz&Shariff,2012).

Socialnormsplayanimportantroleinshapinghownewandregularusersbehavewithina

community.InastudyofUBC’sCentreofInteractiveResearchonSustainability(CIRS)andthe

effectivenessofthebuilding'sdesignonfooddisposal,Wuetal.(2013)foundthatthe

environmentalfocusofCIRS"leadsbothtofeelingandbehavinginamoreenvironmentally

consciousmanner."Thisideaissupportedbyotherstudieswhichhaveshownthatsetting

behaviouralexpectationswithinacommunitymotivatespositivebehaviourchanges(Markowitz

andShariff,2012;McKenzie-Mohr,2000;Crossetal,2010).InSchellyetal.'s(2011)“Reducing

EnergyConsumptionandCreatingaConservationCultureinOrganizations:ACaseStudyofOne

PublicSchoolDistrict”,energyconservationsuccessatRockyMountainHighSchoolwas

attributedinpartto"feelingliketheireffortsmakeadifference"and"havingtheopportunity

forresponsibilityanddecision-making."

Toensuresustainablebehaviourchangesinitsstudentusers,theNewSUBmustfoster

thecreationofacommunitywheresustainablebehavioursaresocialnorms.Thebuildingisa

placewhereusersshouldfeelownership,expectation,andresponsibilityoverconservation

initiatives.Toachievetheirobjectivestargetingbehaviourchange,theAMSmustdesignsocial

initiativesandprogramswithinthebuildingtocreateacultureofactingsustainably.Oncein

place,trendsthatareobservedthroughthebuildingmonitoringsystemcanthenbeusedasa

meansoftrackingtheeffectivenessofsocialinitiativeswithinthebuilding.

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Flexibilityandpersonalizationwithinthesystembuilt

Indesigningthebuildingdashboard,thecriteriamentionedaboveimplytheneedforflexibility.

Aestheticappeal,selectivecontentandclearcallstoactionwillchangeovertimetosuitthe

trendsobserved.Thedashboardmustbedesignedtoaccommodatechangeandbeeasyenough

forAMSstafftocustomizecontentandcontentdesignonaregularbasis.

DashboardprojectisalivinglabThereiscurrentlyalackofstudiesconductedaboutgreenbuildingsasuniqueastheNewSUB.

Studieshavefocusedmostlyonprivatehouseholds,studentresidences,orbuildingsthatsee

littleturnoverinaudience.TheNewSUBwillbealively,ever-changingenvironmentthatwill

experiencelargechangesinusersthroughouttheusefullifeofthebuildingaswellasthrough

thesummerandwinterterms.Assuch,thebuildingdashboardandrequisitesocial

programmingshouldbetreatedasalivinglaboratorytotestnewstrategiesthattargetuser

behaviour.ThisisalsoanopportunityfortheAMStoprovideon-goingstudent-led

opportunities.Disciplinesthatcouldconductstudiesrelatedtothedashboardinclude

marketing,communications,psychology,landandfoodsystems,computerscienceand

engineering.

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Recommendations

1) Awell-establishedcompanyshouldbecontractedtodevelopthebuildingmonitoring

system.TheAMSshouldstipulatethatthecompanypartnerwithcomputerscience

studentstodeveloptheenergydashboardinterface

Traditionally,thecompanythatwouldimplementthatbuildingmonitoringsystemwouldalso

createtheuser-enddashboardusingtheirownsoftware.Metersonthebuildingwillsenddata

tothecampus-wideserver(ION),whichwillstorethedatafromallbuildingsoncampus(from

here,theAMScanconsiderbackingupthisdataontheirownservers).Thedatafromthisserver

hastwodestinations:thebuildingmanagementsystemandthebuildingdashboard.Ina

discussionwithJamilRhajiak,CommunicationsCoordinatorwithUBC'sDigitalInformation

Channels,itwasrecommendedthattheAMSconsidercreatingawebsitetohosttheenergy

dashboard.Awebsitecanbeaccessibleviacomputer,tabletormobilephoneandshouldbe

easilyconnectedtoscreensthatwouldbelocatedintheNewSUB.Ifcreatedbyastudent,the

AMScouldretainthecodeyear-after-yearandbeabletochangeandimproveuponthe

methodsusedtocommunicatewithbuildingusers.Studentwrittencodewouldprovidean

opportunityforstudentcontributionstotheAMS,aswellasreducecoststothesociety.Ifthe

companyweretowritethecode,theAMSwilllikelyhavetopayannualfeestoretaintheir

servicesandpayadditionallumpsumstochangethecode.Irecommendacombination

betweentheBMSproviderandthestudentprogrammer.TheBMSprovider,whichwillalready

haveexpertiseindevelopingmanagementsystems,canimplementtheirexistingsoftwarethat

controlstheenergyusagesinthebuilding–afeatthatmightbeoutsidethecapabilityofa

studentprogrammer.

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2)Considercreatingastudentstaffpositionforthebehaviourinterventionsrequired

withinthebuilding

Giventhatthedashboardandsocialinterventionswillrequireregularupdatestoitsdesign,calls

toactionandselectedcontent,thecreationofastaffpositioninchargeofmonitoringand

updatingthedashboardisrecommended.

3)Samplelayoutsofsuggestedactionsimplemented:

BelowarelayoutsofthepotentialwebinterfacethatIhavecreatedusingAdobeInDesign.They

incorporatethefindingsoutlinedinthisreport.LargerversionscanbeseeninAppendixIII.

Seenbelow:

SampleLayout1(top)and2(bottom)—FrontPages

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Seenbelow:

SampleLayout3(top)—DetailedMetricsandSocialMedia

Sample4(bottom)—CommunityCallstoAction

SampleLayouts1-4arepossibledesignsforthedashboardinterface.Itisaweblayout,

accessibleonmultipleplatforms.Thehomepage(Samples1and2)statesakeymetricthatcan

berotatedsothateachrefreshbringsuponeofthreetofourkeymetricsfortheweek.Clicking

thepageslidesthemoduleright.Thissliderevealsmoredetailaboutthemetric(seeSample

Layout3).InSample3,thereisasocialcuethatcanencouragestudentstosharethismetricvia

socialmediaplatforms.ClickingonthepageslidestorevealSample4,wheretherearecallsto

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actionconnectedtoacommunitygoal.Here,itinvitesuserstolearnmore,givefeedbackonthe

dashboardsystemorexploreotherpartsofthewebsite.

Thereisanavigationpanelontopofallpages.The“HappeningNow”tablaystheotherthreeto

fourkeymetricsinthesystemthatcanbeexplored.Under“TakeAction”,thereshouldbecalls

toactionthatcanbetakenimmediatelywithinthebuilding.“GoalsandInitiatives”connects

userswiththegoals,initiativesandhistoryofAMSSustainabilityintheNewSUB.“Historical

Data”wouldallowstudentstoaccessalldataavailablefromtheserverthatistrackedbutnot

highlightedfortheweek.The“You”sectionconnectsuserswithoncampusresourcesregarding

sustainability.

4)SuggestedTimeline:

Month Tasks

January–March2015 ContactBMSproviderswithproposedcourseofaction,identify/recruitaComputerSciencecourseandstudent

April2015–July2015 Buildingopens,BMSbeginstrackingmetrics,dashboardwebsitewillbeindevelopment

JulytoAugust2015 Websitetroubleshooting,enoughdatawillhaveaccumulatedinordertodisplaymeaningfulselectivedata

September2015orJanuary2016 Dashboarduser-endwillcomeonlineinthebuilding

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AppendicesI. Establishingacultureofactingsustainably:sampleactions

Thisisacompiledlistofsuccessfulactionsdrawnfromstudiesmentionedinthereport.They

arepurposelyframedinthecontextoftheNewSUB.

Criteria Sampleactions

SetBehavourialExpectations • Marketingthebuildingasahubofsustainability,includethislanguageinalldescriptionsofthebuilding

• Setsustainabilityasanexpectedcourseofaction• Permeatebuildingwithclear,actionableexpectations

(suchasachievementsmonitoredbytheBMSsystem,occupantsusingreusablecontainers,etc).

CreateSocialNorms • Regularlydemonstratethatpeersareperformingsustainableactions(ex.playvideos/adsondigitalsignage topromotepositivebehaviours)

• UsehighlyregardedindividualssuchastheUBCmascot• Communicatehowwellpeerswithinthebuildingare

performingsustainableactions(ex."Today,BlueChipcustomerssaved40lbsofpapercupsfromthelandfill!Remembertobringyourowncup")

Efficacy,responsibility • Includeusersindecisionmakingprocesses.ex.“Weused5%lessenergythismonthcomparedtopreviousweeks,saving$20.Whereshouldthatmoneygo?Votenow.)

• Note:thevotewouldtakeplaceonthedashboardwebsiteandshouldbemultiplechoice.Thechoicesshouldcontributebacktosustainabilityinitiativesinthebuildingsuchaspurchasingmoreequipmentfortherooftopgarden.

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II. ExistingEnergyDashboardsversusProposedDashboard

Thisisacomparisonbetweentwoenergydashboardscommoninpost-secondary

institutionscomparedtotheproposedenergydashboard.Theywereevaluatedonthe

criteriaidentifiedinthereport.

Criteria UBCPulseEnergyDashboard(PulseEnergy,2014)

OberlinCollegeLucidDesignDashboard(LucidDesign,2014)

Proposed Recommendations

AestheticAppeal

• FigureI(below)• Noteye-catching• Graphsare

lackluster,thoughclear

• FigureII(below)• Pleasingcolours

andfonts• Largevisualis

eye-catching

• SampleLayout1andSampleLayout2

• Eyecatchingvisuals

• Modern/trendycolours

• Ensurerecentdesigntrendsarereflectedindashboarddisplay

GuidedContent • Thereisn’taclearhierarchyofinformation

• Doesanswerthequestionof“whyisthisimportant”bycomparingtheenergyusetoacomprehendiblescale(householdenergy)

• Toomuchdataupfront,distractsfromthemessage

• Detailedcontentisavailable

• Thereisahierarchyofinformation

• Doesnotplacetheimportanceofthisinformationfrontandcentre

• Toomuchdataupfront,distractsfromthemessage

• Detailedcontentisavailable

• Mostimportantinformationisdisplayedfirst

• Detailisrevealedintheprocess

• Detailedcontentisavailable

• Contentisrevealed,guided

• Mostimportantinformationisrevealedfirst

• Atfirstglance,importantinformationisdigestible(easytounderstand)

PeerNetworks • Comparesdatatootherbuildingsoncampus

• Comparesdatatootherbuildingsoncampus

• Dataisfedtocentralserverandcanbecomparedtootherbuildings

• Comparisonsaredrawntoactionsofpeerswithinthebuilding

• Emphasizethesustainableactionsofpeersandleaderswithinthebuildingandcommunity(staff,students,mascots,etcetera)

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Criteria UBCPulseEnergyDashboard(PulseEnergy,2014)

OberlinCollegeLucidDesignDashboard(LucidDesign,2014)

Proposed Recommendations

CallstoAction • Noclearcalltoaction

• Noclearcalltoaction

• Calltoactionfollowstherelevantdata

• Actionscanbeperformedwithinthebuildingoroncampus

• Actionsareeasytounderstand

• Easilyunderstandablecalltoactionthatcanbeperformedimmediately

Flexibility/Accessibilityfromotherplatforms

• Companyissomewhatflexiblewithcustomizingthedashboard

• DashboardusesFlash,whichcannotbeenabledonmanyphonesandtablets

• Thecompanyisinflexibleonthedesignofthedashboard.Alldashboardshavethesamedesign.

• DashboardusesFlash,whichcannotbeenabledonmanyphonesandtablets

• Dashboardisslowtoload

• IftheAMSholdsownershipoverawebsite’scoding,itcanbemodifiedwhenneeded

• WebsitescanbemoreeasilyaccessedbyphonesandtabletswhendesignedwithoutFlash

• Abilitytoprogramappropriatemessagingiskey

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FigureI.

(UBCPulseEnergyDashboard,retrievedonNovember19,2014)

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FigureII.

(OberlinCollegeLucidEnergyDashboard,retrievedonNovember9,2014)

III. LargerSampleLayouts

Seebelow.

THIS WEEK: TOGETHER WE DIVERTED OF WASTE FROM LANDFILLS.20%

HAPPENING NOW TAKE ACTION! GOALS AND INITIATIVES HISTORICAL DATA YOU

HAPPENING NOW TAKE ACTION! GOALS AND INITIATIVES HISTORICAL DATA YOU

THIS WEEK: OUR ENERGY USE IS THIS WEEK: OUR ENERGY USE IS

3% HIGHER

7% HIGHERTHAN LAST WEEK

SAME TIME LAST MONTH

HAPPENING NOW TAKE ACTION! GOALS AND INITIATIVES HISTORICAL DATA YOU

HAPPENING NOW TAKE ACTION! GOALS AND INITIATIVES HISTORICAL DATA YOU

SAVE $1100 IN TIPPING FEES (FEES TO TAKE AWAY GARBAGE)

SAVE 130.9 YEARS IN LANDFILL

@NYANCAT123: EVERY BIT COUNTS! #UBC STUDENTS DIVERTED 590KG OF WASTE FROM LANDFILLS THIS WEEK! #BESTNEST #SUSTAINABILITY

SUSTAINABILITY TARGET: REDUCE AVERAGE MONTHLY WASTE BY 10% EACH YEAR.

SORT IT OUT [LINK]PESKY COFFEE LIDS AND CUPS GO IN RECYCLABLES. SLEEVES IN PAPER RECYLING.

SHARE WITH FRIENDS [SOCIAL]LEARN MORE [LINK]

CONFUSED? QUESTIONS?THIS DASHBOARD IS PART OF AMS SUSTAINABILITY’S LIVING LAB. LET US KNOW WHAT LEFT YOU ASKING MORE QUESTIONS AND

WHAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO SEE! TOGETHER, WE’RE CREATING A LIVING DOCUMENT ON SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL CHANGE.

CollynChan26

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