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UAS-Platforms for Research, Phenotyping and Precision Management
Juan Landivar (1), Murilo Maeda (1), Josh McGinty (2), Jinha Jung (3), Anjin Chang (3), Juan Enciso (4), Andrea Maeda (1)
(1)Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Corpus Christi, TX, (2)Texas A&M AgriLife Extension , Corpus Christi, TX,
(3)Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, (4) Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Weslaco, TX,
Precision Cotton Working Group Improving Life through Science and Technology.
Platforms and Sensors
Data interpretation, Applications
Data analysis & visualization
Objectives of AgriLife-TAMU-CC Remote Sensing Technology Program
REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGY FOR PHENOTYPING AND PRECISION MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
Remote Sensing Equipment: Ground‐based Platform
Multi Spectrum
Air T & RH SensorsInfrared Canopy Temperature GPS Antenna
UAS Equipment, Server and Software(2015)
• Structure from Motion (SfM)– Pix4D– Photoscan Pro– Opendronemap
• Geospatial data products– Orthomosaic image– 3D point clouds– DEM
Computational platformIntel i7‐5820K (3.3 GHz) processor (6 cores with 12 threads)64 GB Quad channel DDR4 memoryGTX 960 2GB superclocked GPU with 1,024 CUDA cores
<DJI Phantom 2> Vision Plus
Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension CenterCorpus Christi, Texas
Cotton Phenotyping
35 commercial cultivars, replicated 4 times, total of 140 plots.(2 rows, 40’ long), both rows were machine harvested on 08/10
22 Blocks (1 m2) /Entry(Plant height and canopy cover, NDVI and canopy temperature, open boll count)
– Mosaic Images– DSM (Digital Surface Model) – DEM (Digital Elevation Model), DSM was generated from
UAS data– DEM was generated from ground point (about 150 points) selected manually– CHM – Crop Height Map
<DSM> <DEM> <CHM>
Data Analysis – Plant Height
Fitting sigmoid curves• X‐axis: days after planting • Y‐axis: Plant Height• Simplest sigmoid equation
Growth Analysis of Plant Height DevelopmentCultivar 16, Rep. 1. SeedCotton Yield = 3236 lb/A
35 InchMax Growth Rate = 4.0 cm
At 57 DAPDuration = 19 Days
(m/day)
Growth Rate (m
/day)
Max Growth Rate = 3.35 cmAt 60 DAP
Duration = 21 Days31 Inch
Fitting sigmoid curves• X‐axis: days after planting • Y‐axis: Plant Height• Simplest sigmoid equation
Cultivar 26, Rep. 1. Harvest SC Yield = 1386 lb./A
Growth Rate (m
/day)
Spectral AnalysisCanopy Cover
• Drawing individual crop grid– Yellow line: center line of each row– Red box: individual crop grid
• Grid sized: 1×1 m
• Binary canopy classification– 3 parameters
• Red/Green, Blue/Green• 2×Green – Red - Green
• Canopy cover estimation- Area of white in each grid /total area
Canopy CoverJune 27, 2015
0102030405060708090100
0 20 40 60 80 100Days After Planting
Canopy Cover (%)
EXAMPLE OF CANOPY COVER ESTIMATION FROM UAV IMAGESAverage per entry for each date
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Yield
Canopy Cover (%)
Yield (Lb. SC / Acre) vs Canopy Cover at June 26th
A
B
C
D
F
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Yield
Canopy Cover (%)
Yield (Lb. SC / Acre) vs Canopy Cover at July 2
A
B
C
D
F
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.76 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.90 0.92
Yield
NDVI
Yield (Lb. SC / Acre) vs NDVI, June 26th
A
B
C
D
F
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50
Yield
CWSI
Yield (Lb. SC / Acre) vs CWSI June 26th
A
B
C
D
F
Monitoring Crop MaturityDow (Phytogen) cultivar evaluation test
• Altitude: 30 m (above ground)• Programmed mission using Pix4D capture app• Processed with Agisoft Photoscan Pro → Orthomosaic &
3D point cloud data• Resulting spatial resolution: 8 mm
07/24/2015 07/29/2015 08/05/2015
Low HighLint Yield
Plant Height Map, King Ranch, Kingsville, TexasJ. Landivar, S. Searcy and S. Yang, June 13 1997
Precision Management
Precision Pix ApplicationsDefoliation Time and RateNematodesFertility, Etc.
Crop Height Model at Individual Crop Grid Level
<2015/06/03>
<2015/07/02>
<2015/07/29>
<2015/06/11>
<2015/07/10>
<2015/08/05>
<2015/06/18>
<2015/07/17>
<2015/08/14>
<2015/06/23>
<2015/07/24>
Growth Curve Analysis
• Grid level
<Growth Height> <Growth Rate>
Variable Application Rate (ml/ha)
Aggressive Less Aggressive
Conclusions 1. Canopy Cover is an important seedcotton yield component
2. NDVI and canopy temperature can help fine tune selection of elite genotypes
3. Growth analysis of plant height and canopy cover development appears to be a promising diagnostic tool
4. Open boll analysis can be an important variable for phenotyping
Enhance Sensors Platform • Larger Octocopter• Lidar & GPS• Hyper‐Spectral camera• Infra‐red camera
Data Analysis • Develop software to extract data and analyze seasonal changes in plant height, canopy cover,
NDVI, and canopy temperature. • Evaluate sensors and develop software to analyze crop maturity, open boll counts and yield
Future Work 2016-17
Data Interpretation• Develop automated procedures to quantify crop responses to experimental treatments and assist
in the selection elite genotypes • Develop precision management applications
Thank you
Dr. Jinha JungTAMU‐CC
Dr. Murilo Maeda AgriLife‐Res.
Dr. Josh McGintyAgriLife‐Ext.
Dr. Anjin Chang TAMU‐CC‐AgriLife
Dr. Juan EncisoAgriLife‐Res.
Our Thanks to
TSSC‐Cotton Incorporated, Dow AgroSciencesShell Oil Company
Texas A&M AgriLife Seed Bioenergy FundsOffice of the Director (AgriLife‐Research)
Ms. Andrea Maeda AgriLife‐Res.