u02 nutrition
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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 2
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Nutrition
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Contents
Digestion
The digestive process Types of digestive systemsDigestive systems
Respiration
Respiration Gas exchange surfaces Types of respiration
Circulatory systems
The circulatory systemTypes of circulatory systems
Excretion
Excretion Types of excretory systems
Nutrition in animals
Processes
Nutrition in plants
Plant nutritionAbsorptionTransportGas exchangePhotosynthesisMetabolism and
cellular respirationExcretion
NUTRITION
Nutrition
Types
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The digestive process in animals
Types of digestivesystems im animals
Digestive systems in animals
Types of respiration in animals
The circulatory system in animals
Types of circulatory systems in animals
Types of excretory systems in animals
Excretion in animals
Plant nutrition Absorption in plants
Transport of nutrients in plants
Gas exchange in plants
Photosynthesis Metabolism and cellular respiration in plants
Excretion in plants
Gas exchangesurfaces in animals
Respiration in animals
Nutrition and its types
Processes in nutrition
Links
Plant nutrition
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Nutrition and its types
hgggg
Some bacteria are chemoautotrophs. Omnivores feed on plants and other animals.
Green plants are photoautrotrophs.
AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION
Carnivores feed on other animals.
Herbivores feed on plants.
HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION
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Processes in nutrition
Digestion
Respiration
Blood circulation
Excretion
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Stages of the digestive process
The digestive process
2. DIGESTION
Intracellular digestion
Internal
Extracellular
External
3. ABSORPTION
cells
blood
1. INGESTION
nutrients
4. EXCRETION
faeces
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Types of digestive systems in animals
Gastric cavityosculum
gastric cavity
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Digestive tube of a carnivore
Digestive tubes
Digestive tube of a non-ruminant
herbivore
Digestive tube of a ruminant herbivore
Types of digestive systems in animals
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Digestive systems in animals
Sponges
Cnidaria
Molluscs
Arthropods
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
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INTRACELLULARDIGESTION
Digestive structure in animals
collar cells
SPONGES
water flow
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ostium
osculum
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Digestive systems in animals
CNIDARIA
cnidocyte
gastrovascular cavity
tentacles
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digestive enzymes
(extracellular digestion)
Digestive systems in animals
hepatopancreas
stomachmouth
anus
MOLLUSCS
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Digestive systems in animals
gizzard
oesophagus
crop
mouth
intestine
anus
ARTHROPODS
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Digestive systems in animals
stomach
large intestine
liver
oesophagus
pharynxsalivary glands
mouth
pancreas
small intestine
rectum
anus
Vertebrates
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Respiration in animals
Cellular respiration
oxygen
energy
carbon dioxide
mitochondrion
Respiratory system
O2
CO2
gas exchange
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Gas exchange surfaces in animals
thin surfaces
moist surfaces
surfaces full of blood vessels
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Types of respiration in animals
Cutaneous respiration Branchial respiration
Tracheal respiration Pulmonary respiration
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gas exchange
Types of respiration in animals
Cutaneous respiration
Earthworms
Adult amphibiansGO BACK
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Types of respiration in animals
Branchial respiration
Axolotl external gills
internal gillsCartilaginous
fish
Bony fish gills
operculum
water circulation
blood circulation
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Insects
Myriapods
Arachnids
Types of respiration in animals
tracheae
air
spiracle
Tracheal respiration
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Types of respiration in animals
Birds
air sacs
Pulmonary respiration
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Reptiles
Types of respiration in animals
Pulmonary respiration
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lungs with chambers
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Types of respiration in animals
alveoli
MammalsPulmonary respiration
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• blood
• hydrolymph
• haemolymph
(invertebrates)
vessels
heart
The circulatory system in animals
circulatory fluid
artery
vein
cells
interstitial fluid
capillaries
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Types of circulatory systems in animals
Open circulatory system
hearts
ostia (openings in hearts)
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Types of circulatory systems in animals
Simple, closed circulatory system
Blood passes through the heart once.
oxygenated blood
direction of blood circulation
heart
gills
deoxygenated bloodNEXT
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Types of circulatory systems in animals
Double, closed circulatory system
heart
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
Blood passes through the heart twice. GO BACK
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Exterior
• carbon
dioxide
• ammonia
• urea
Excretion in animals
Waste products
Gas exchange surfaces
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Types of excretory systems in animals
Excretory system of an insect Excretory system of a vertebrate
Excretory system of some arthropods
green gland
digestive tube
Malpighian tubules
ureter kidney
uretra
bladder
Types of excretory systems in animals
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GAS EXCHANGE
Plant nutrition
ABSORPTION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
TRANSPORT
RESPIRATION
EXCRETION
Autotrophs
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Absorption in plants
root hairs
raw sap rises
absorption of water and mineral salts
PLANT NUTRITION
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Transport of elaborated sap
Transport of raw sap
Transport of nutrients in plants
phloemvessels
xylemvessels
PLANT NUTRITION
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Gas exchange in plants
stoma
CO2
O2
Gas exchange takes place through the stoma.
PLANT NUTRITION
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Photosynthesis
sunlightchloroplast
stoma
raw sap elaborated sap
organic matter
O2
mineral salts
CO2
O2
CO2 H2O
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplasts.
PLANT NUTRITION
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Anabolic reactions
Metabolism and cellular respiration in plants
1
2
NIGHT
Cellular respiration
Reactions
energy
O2
CO2H2O
2
DAYPhotosynthesis
1
O2
organic nutritents
inorganic nutrients
simple organic nutrients
starch, cellulose, enzymes, etc.
CLICK ON THE NUMBERS PLANT NUTRITION
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Excretion in plants
stoma
CO2
O2
intracellular spaces
waste products(essential oils)vacuole
PLANT NUTRITION
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Links
The digestive systemhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDIGEST.html
The excretory systemhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookEXCRET.html
Comparative vertebrateanatomyhttp://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/RITCHISO//342syl.htm
Green plants as organismshttp://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/curriculum/biology-transport-and-water-relations.html
The respiratory systemhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookRESPSYS.html
Plant nutritionhttp://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage4/biology/pc/lessons/uk_ks4_plant_nutrition/h-frame-ie.htm
The circulatory systemhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookcircSYS.html