u01 basis of life
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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 1
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The basis of life
CONTENTS
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CONTENTS
Vital functions
Vital functions
Biomolecules
Biomolecules
Cells
History of cell discoverySize and shapeStructure and compositionTypes of cells
Cellular nutrition
Cellular nutritionAutotrophic nutritionHeterotrophic nutritionPhotosynthesis
Cell division
Cell divisionGenetic materialMitosis
THE BASIS OF LIFE
Cellular respiration
Cellular respiration
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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 1
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RESOURCES
Vital functions
Biomolecules History of cell discovery
Types of cellsStructure and composition of cells
Cellular nutrition Autotrophic nutrition
Heterotrophic nutrition
Cell division
Genetic material Mitosis
Size and shape of cells
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Links
Introducing cells
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Vital functions
NUTRITION
INTERACTION
REPRODUCTION
VITAL FUNCTIONS
Living beings
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Vital functions
NUTRITION Living beings obtain the matter and energy necessary for life.
Autotrophic organisms
inorganic matter
organic matter
Heterotrophic organisms Living beings
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Living beings
Vital functions
INTERACTIONLiving beings relate with their surrounding environment.
Animals have receptorsand effectors.
Plants do not have receptors, but they can respond to stimuli.
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Vital functions
REPRODUCTIONNew individual living beings are produced.
Asexual reproduction:one parent
Sexual reproduction:male and female parents
Living beings
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water mineral salts
Biomolecules
calcium, iron, magnesium, etc.
Organic molecules
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History of cell discovery
1675
Anthony van Leeuwenhoek
microscope
“animacules”
He was the first person to use the word “cell”.
He discovered tiny organisms in a drop of water.
1665
Robert Hooke
microscope
cork under a microscope
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History of cell discovery
1838 Matthias J. Schleiden
andTheodor Schwann
CELL THEORY
The cell is the structural and functional unit of all
living things.
1855
Rudolf Virchow
CELL THEORY
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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microscope
Size and shape of cells
1 micrometre (μm)
equals
0.001 millimetres (mm)
cell
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Structure and composition of cells
Animal cell
Plant cell
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
45
mitochondrion
1
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
Golgi body
2
vacuoles
3
rough ER
4
chloroplast
5
cell membrane
nucleus
cell wall
cytoplasm
CLICK ON THE NUMBERS
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Types of cells
bacteria
Prokaryotic cells
The genetic material is loose in the cytoplasm.
NEXT
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Types of cells
Eukaryotic cells
The genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus.
Animal cellPlant cell
nucleus
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Cellular nutrition
Amoeba
nutrients
CATABOLISM
ANABOLISM
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Cellular nutrition
CELLULAR METABOLISM
Catabolism
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complex organic
substances
simple substances
energy
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Cellular nutrition
METABOLISM
Anabolism
complex organic
substances
simplesubstances
energy
CELLULAR METABOLISM
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Autotrophic nutrition
1
2
3
4
CLICK ON NUMBERS
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sunlight O2
H2O
CO2
mineral salts
Autotrophic nutrition
simple organic matter
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Inorganic matter is taken in.
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O2
Autotrophic nutrition
simple organic matter
2
energy
Catabolism
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CO2
Autotrophic nutrition
3
Carbon dioxide is expelled.
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other functions
Autotrophic nutrition
complexorganicmatter
energysimple
organic matter
Anabolism
4 GO BACK
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Heterotrophic nutrition
1
2
3
4
CLICK ON NUMBERS
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Heterotrophic nutrition
1
Organic matter is taken in.
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simpleorganicmatter
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Heterotrophic nutrition
2
simpleorganicmatter
Catabolism
O2
H2O
CO2
energy
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Heterotrophic nutrition
3
Carbon dioxide is expelled.
CO2
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Heterotrophic nutrition
4
simpleorganicmatter
Anabolism
energy
complexorganicmatterother functions
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organic matter
oxygen
mineralsalts
water sunlight
carbon dioxide
Photosynthesis
CO2H2O
O2
sunlight carbondioxide
water
mineralsalts
organicmatter
oxygen
CHLOROPLAST
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MITOCHONDRION
carbondioxide water
oxygen organic matter
energy
organic matter oxygen
carbon dioxide water
Cellular respiration
CO2H2O
O2
energy
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Cell division
parent cellUNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
populationgrowth
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS
growth
daughter cells
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Cell division
Binary fission Multiple fission
Budding Sporulation
spores
In fungi, algae, moss and ferns
In some protozoa
In yeast
In bacteria and protozoa
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Karyotype of a human being
46 chromosomes
Eukaryotic cell
Genetic material
nucleus
chromatin
Before cell division chromosomes
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Mitosis
SEE PROCESS
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Mitosis
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Links
Introducing cellshttp://www.usoe.k12.ut.us/CURR/SCIENCE/sciber00/7th/cells/sciber/intro.htm
Cell Inspector interactive activityhttp://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/cell/cell.html
Cells alivehttp://www.cellsalive.com/cells/3dcell.htm
The virtual cellhttp://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter3/chapter3.htm
The Virtual Cell Textbookhttp://www.ibiblio.org/virtualcell/textbook/chapter2/chapter2.htm
Cell growth and divisionhttp://www.biologycorner.com/bio1/