types of tissues highlight: headings vocabulary important information
TRANSCRIPT
Types of Tissues
Highlight:
Headings
Vocabulary
Important Information
Terminology
● Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities● Histo = Tissue● …ology = study of
● Pathologists – Study cells and tissue; diseased● Patho = disease
Four Main Types
● Epithelial ● Body surfaces, hollow
organs, glands● Connective
● Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat
● Muscle ● Movement and force
application● Nervous
● Stimulates action potential to activate body functions
1. Epithelial Tissue
1.Covering and Lining
2.Glandular Epithelium
Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion
Divisions:
Functions:
Tissue Arrangements
Layer Arrangement
Simple Stratified Pseudostratified
Single Layer Two or More layers One layer of mixed cells
Osmosis, Diffusion, Absorption, Secretion Protect underlying tissues
In areas of wear and tear
Mucus Secretion And Movement
Cell Shapes
Cell Shapes
Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional
Flat Thick Cubed Tall, Cylindrical Varies
A. Simple Squamous● Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and
secretion in serous membranes ● Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose,
and wastes), Air Sac (Alveoli) of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine)
B. Simple Cuboidal● Function: Secretion and Absorption
● Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova)
C1. Ciliated Simple Columnar● Function: Moves fluids and particles
along passageways● Location: Found in respiratory tract
(mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal→ Runny Nose)
Cilia
C2. Non-Ciliated Columnar● Function: Microvilli secretion and Absorption● Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and
water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile)
2. Complex Cell Arrangements:
Stratified Epithelium
A. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
● Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action● Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and
urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation)
B. Stratified Squamous● Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin;
vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue● Location:
● Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin● Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina,
Tongue)
C. Stratified Cuboidal● Functions: Protection and limited secretion of sweat
glands ● Location: Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT)
D. Transitional Epithelium● Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary
tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary.● Stretched = Squamous● Relaxed = Cuboidal
● Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder
3. Connective Tissue
Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat
Areolar Loose Con.
Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
Hyaline Cartilage Skeletal
Muscle Tissue
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Nervous
Tissue
Adipose Loose Con. Tissue
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Smooth Muscle Tissue
BoneConnective
Tissue
Bone Tissue
Compact vs. Spongy
●Provides for support, Movement, Marrow (blood-forming)
Haversian Canal
Calcium
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
●Extremely strong, but very flexible and elastic
●Smooth surface for reduction of friction
●Movement of Joints, Flexibility
●Support (Trachea), Ossification of bones
Ground Substance
Chondrocyte
Lacuna
Fibrocartilage●Extremely tough
●Acts as a shock absorber
●Ex: ball and socket joints,
intervertebral disc, meniscus
Elastic Cartilage
● Abundance of elastin for stretching capability
● Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx
Dense Fibrous Connective
Tissue
●Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength
●Strong attachment for Tendons (Muscle to Bone), Ligaments (Bone to Bone)
Loose Connective
Tissue
Areolar Connective Tissue
●Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and papilary regions of skin
●Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers
Fibroblasts
ElastinCollagen
Adipose
Insulation
Energy Reserves
Fat Storage
Blood Vessel
Nucleus
Adipose Fat (White):
● Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage
Adipose Fat (Brown):
● Generates body heat in newborns that do not shiver● After infants grow up, most
of the mitochondria (gives the brown color) disappears, becomes similar to white fat.
● Recent Research=brown fat is related not to white fat, but to skeletal muscle
Loose Conn. TissueReticular Cartilage● Reticular –
Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma)
Blood ● Oxygen Transport
●Clotting (platelets)
●Immunity (WBC’s)
●Nutrient delivery
3. Muscle Tissue
Movement and force application
Cardiac Muscle
●Composes the heart wall
●Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body
●Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor)
Skeletal Muscle Tissue● Attached to bones by tendons ● Functions in body movements, posture,
thermogenesis● Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily
Smooth Muscle Tissue● Forms walls of many internal organs
ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus● Functions in motion of internal
organs
4. Nervous Tissue
NucleusAxon Dendrite
●Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia
●Neuron – Processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron)
●Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli
●Axons – Conductor of impulse
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Areolar Loose Con.
Tissue
Cardiac Muscle
Hyaline Cartilage Skeletal
Muscle Tissue
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Nervous
Tissue
Adipose Loose Con. Tissue
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Smooth Muscle Tissue
BoneConnective
Tissue
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS SIMPLE
COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM
PSEUDO-STRATIFIED
CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS TISSUE
(TENDON)