TYPES OF NOVEL

1. Apprenticeship Novel

• A biographical novel that deals with the period of a young person’s social and moral initiation into adulthood.

• Dickens’s David Copperfield (1850)• Thomas Wolfe’s Look Homeward, Angel

(1929)

2. Bildungsroman

• A class of novel that deals with the maturation process, with how and why the protagonist develops, both morally and psychologically.

• The German word Bildungsroman means “novel of education” or “novel of formation.”

• Great Expectations (1861) by Charles Dickens,• Anne of Green Gables (1908) by Lucy Maud

Montgomery,• Sons and Lovers (1913) by D.H. Lawrence, • Member of the Wedding (1946) by Carson

McCullers,• Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D. Salinger,• To Kill a Mockingbird (1960) by Harper Lee,• Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985) by

Jeanette Winterson,• Black Swan Green (2006) by David Mitchell.

3. Dime Novel

• Dime novels were a type of inexpensive, usually paperback, melodramatic novel of adventure popular in the United States roughly between 1860 and 1915.

4. Epistolary Novel

• a novel is told through the medium of letters written by one or more of the characters

5. Gothic Novel

• a form of European Romantic, pseudomedieval fiction having a prevailing atmosphere of mystery and terror.

• its imaginative impulse was drawn from medieval buildings and ruins, such novels commonly used such settings as castles or monasteries equipped with subterranean passages, dark battlements, hidden panels, and trapdoors

• Horace Walpole’s Castle of Otranto (1765)• Ann Radcliffe: Mysteries of Udolpho (1794)

and Italian (1797)• Matthew Gregory Lewis’s The Monk (1796)• William Beckford’s Oriental romance Vathek

(1786) • Charles Robert Maturin’s story of an Irish

Faust, Melmoth the Wanderer (1820)• The classic horror stories Frankenstein (1818)

by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley• Dracula (1897) by Bram Stoker

6. Historical Novel

• Any novel that has as its setting a period of history and that attempts to convey the spirit, manners, and social conditions of a past age with realistic detail and fidelity (which is in some cases only apparent fidelity) to historical fact is considered to be a historical novel.

• Sir Walter Scott’s Waverley (1814)• Leo Tolstoy’s War and Peace (1865–69)

7. I Novel

• The form or genre of 20th-century Japanese literature that is characterized by self-revealing narration, with the author usually as the central character is known in English as the I novel (in Japanese, watakushi shōsetsu, or shishōsetsu).

8. Indianista Novel

• The Brazilian literary genre of the 19th century that idealizes the simple life of the South American Indian and incorporates words of indigenous peoples to name flora, fauna, and customs.

• O Guarani (1857) and Iracema (1865), romantic tales of love between Indian and white and of the conflict between the Indians and their Portuguese conquerors.

9. New Novel

• The New Novel (French nouveau roman), also called (more broadly) the antinovel, is an avant-garde novel of the mid-20th century that marked a radical departure from the conventions of the traditional novel in that it ignores such elements as plot, dialogue, linear narrative, and human interest.

10. Nonfiction Novel

• The name nonfiction novel is applied to any story of actual people and actual events told with the dramatic techniques of a novel.

• Truman Capote’s In Cold Blood (1965)• John Hersey’s Hiroshima (1946)• Norman Mailer’s The Executioner’s Song

(1979)

11. Novel of Manners

• A work of fiction that re-creates a social world, conveying with finely detailed observation the customs, values, and mores of a highly developed and complex society.

• the works of Jane Austen: deal with the domestic affairs of English country gentry families of the 19th century and ignore elemental human passions and larger social and political determinations

12. Novella

• A short and well-structured narrative, often realistic and satiric in tone, the novella influenced the development of the short story and the novel throughout Europe.

• Originating in Italy during the Middle Ages, the novella was based on local events that were humorous, political, or amorous in nature.

• The individual tales often were gathered into collections along with anecdotes, legends, and romantic tales.

13. Picaresque Novel

• usually a first-person narrative, relating the adventures of a rogue or low-born adventurer (Spanish pícaro) as he drifts from place to place and from one social milieu to another in his effort to survive.

14. Psychological Novel

• a work of fiction in which the thoughts, feelings, and motivations of the characters are of equal or greater interest than is the external action of the narrative.

15. Roman à Clef

• The roman à clef (a French phrase meaning “novel with a key”) has the extraliterary interest of portraying well known real people more or less thinly disguised as fictional characters.

16. Sentimental Novel

• Broadly, any novel that exploits the reader’s capacity for tenderness, compassion, or sympathy to a disproportionate degree by presenting a beclouded or unrealistic view of its subject can be considered a sentimental novel.

17. Social Problem Novel

• A novel in which a prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its effect on the characters is sometimes categorized as a social problem novel (though it may be called a problem novel or a social novel).

• The type emerged in Great Britain and the United States in the mid-19th century.

• An early example is Elizabeth Gaskell’s Ruth (1853)

18. Stream of Consciousness

• The narrative technique intended to render the flow of myriad impressions—visual, auditory, physical, associative, and subliminal—that impinge on the consciousness of an individual and form part of his awareness along with the trend of his rational thoughts is known as stream of consciousness.

• The term was first used by the psychologist William James in The Principles of Psychology (1890).

19. Western

• A genre of storytelling (novels, short stories, motion pictures, and television and radio shows) set in the American West, usually in the period from the 1850s to the end of the 19th century.

• The western has as its setting the immense plains, rugged tablelands, and mountain ranges of the portion of the United States lying west of the Mississippi River, in particular the Great Plains and the Southwest.

• James Fenimore Cooper’s The Prairie (1827)