types of cells: prokaryotes, plants, and fungi do now 11/17 1.take out homework for checking....
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![Page 1: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi
Do Now 11/171. Take out homework for checking.
2. Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:
Apple treeDuck
MushroomE. coli
Thermus aquaticus, a unicellular organism that lives in very hot water near deep-sea vents.
![Page 2: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Prokaryotes: Simple, yet Diverse• Of the structures we
have discussed, prokaryotes have ONLY:– Cell membrane– Ribosomes– Flagella / cilia– Cell wall***
• Prokaryotes contain NO internal membrane structures
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Prokaryotes are Small• Prokaryotes are generally 10 to 100 times smaller than typical
eukaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotic cells have specialized compartments where required materials can be kept, while prokaryotes must depend on diffusion to get materials throughout the cytoplasm where they need to be.
![Page 4: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Many Prokaryotes Have Cell Walls• Many prokaryotic
cells have rigid cell walls for support and defense
• Most are made of a glycoprotein (amino acids + sugars) called peptidoglycan, very different from the cellulose-based cell walls of plants.
![Page 5: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Prokaryotes are Very Diverse• Biologists estimate that 98% of the different metabolic
pathways in life occur in prokaryotes.
• In other words, if every single species of eukaryote went extinct, 98% of the reactions done by cells on Earth would remain.
• Prokaryotes have been found in EVERY terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem of Earth, without exception.
• Some prokaryotes can live in very difficult environments, from the Dead Sea to deep underground, to boiling hot springs.
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Plant Cells
• Plants are multicellular eukaryotes, and typically contain the following parts that animal cells lack:– Chloroplasts / plastids– Large, central vacuoles– Cell walls (cellulose)
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Chloroplasts Absorb Light Energy… But NOT Green Light!
![Page 8: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Free-living chloroplasts?Not quite…
Chloroplast(from eukaryotic plant cell)
Cyanobacterium(prokaryote)
![Page 9: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Plastids
![Page 10: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What else is so special about plant cells?
Large, Central
Vacuoles can take up most ofThe cell!
It stores water,And some minerals
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Anything Else? Yup – The Cell Wall
SUPER IMPORTANT: Cell wall
**not in animal cells**
Structure: Hard outer covering made of cellulose fibers
Function: provides support and strength to plant cells
Think wood.
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When you hear “Plant Cell Wall,” think Cellulose!
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Fungi: The other Multicellular Heterotrophs
• Generally, fungal cells are more similar to animal cells than other cell types.
• The most important difference is the presence of cell walls made of chitin, a polysaccharide.
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Fungal Diversity
• There is great variation in kingdom fungi, ranging from the smallest eukaryotes to the largest…
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And that’s just the beginning…
• We have not even begun to appreciate biological diversity, for several reasons:– 1. We are considering only gross differences in
cell types, NOT the diversity found in multicellular organisms
– 2. We have not considered MANY different types of cells, especially protists
– 3. There is an exception to nearly every rule in biology.
![Page 16: Types of Cells: Prokaryotes, Plants, and Fungi Do Now 11/17 1.Take out homework for checking. 2.Classify the following organisms as prokaryotes or Eukaryotes:](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032706/56649de45503460f94adad12/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
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Recap:• Prokaryotes are small and simple: they contain
NO internal organelles with membranes; everything happens right in the cytoplasm. Many have peptidoglycan cell walls.
• Plant cells contain several unique features: chloroplasts, large vacuoles, and a cellulose cell wall.
• Fungi cells are similar to animal cells in many ways, but most have chitin cell walls.
• Cellular diversity is huge! And most of it is prokaryotic…