The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

1

Type III Environmental Declarations and

the Use of LCA

Chie NakaniwaISO/TC207/SC3/WG4 Expert of GEDnet

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

2

Facts of GEDnet

• Established in 1999• Purposes are:

1)To encourage exchange of information and experiences between Type III practicing parties2) To discuss key issues in developing Type III programs

• Members are:Canada, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, South Korea and Sweden

• Since 2001, ‘A’ external liaison bodies of ISO/TC 207/SC3

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

3

Activities of GEDnet Are:• Demonstrate the practical application of LCA

methodology within programs• Provide the basis for procedures of Type III• Achieve mutual recognition between program• Recognize the importance of a common and cost

effective procedure for verifying • Discuss the practical application of LCA

methodology• Provide guidance to practitioners developing new

product data book, web page, PSR comparison)• Provide theoretical and practical information

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

4

What’s Type III Environmental Declarations?

The indication of quantitative environmentalproduct information

-Quantified environmental data for a product with pre-set categories of parameters based on the ISO 14040 series of standards, but not excluding additional environmental information provided within a Type III environmental declaration program(ISO TR14025)

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

5

Life Cycle Assessment As the Methodology

• Great need for information• Analysis of the environmental performance of a

product is expected

• Scientifically accepted method to assess the environmental aspects and potential impacts

• Internationally valid method in accordance with ISO standards 14040 series

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

6

Life Cycle AssessmentAs Fundamental Part of ISO/TR14025

ISO14041Goal and scope definition

Inventory Analysis

ISO 14043 Interpretation

ISO 14042 Impact assessment

Alternative methodologies

ISO 14040

ISO 14020

Additional data

Type III Environmental Declaration

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

7

LCA Methodology OrientedType III label requires LCA to evaluate the inputs and outputs of products over their whole life cycle.

Extraction

Manufacturing

Distribution

Usage/Consumption

Disposal

OUTPUTINPUT

Emission to air, water,Waste

Energy,Material,Resources

Product’s life stage

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

8

Compatibility

Type IIIEPD

Purchasersof business

sectors

Credibility/Reliability

Claim action

TransparencyScientific credibility

Confidence

and distribution

Pointof purchase

Decision-making

Consumergroups

Evaluation

Government

Policy tool

Source information

Consumers/Users

Certifyingparties

COMPANYmanufacturer

Education/advocating

NGO/Environmental

group

AcademiaManufacturing

Use

Flow

Linkage Around Type III LabelHow Major Participants Relationship Works?

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

9

Type III Environmental Declarations Main Characteristics and Elements

1. Comprehensive2. Indicative rather than decisive3. Universal by applying ISO4. Strategically procedural5. Persuasive as a source of eco-label6. Assured sufficiently7. Objective secured by data verification8. Explicit through reporting formats9. Accessible via the Internet10. Accumulative as future database

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

10

Overview of Today’s Presentation

• Progress of country programs-Existing programs and emerging programs

• Regional activities-European project and Asian initiative

• Activities for the use of LCA-International collaboration toward harmonization

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

11

Progress of Country Programs-Existing Programs and Emerging Programs

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

12

Type III Programs

Existing programs

• Canada-the EPDS program (TerraChoice)• Japan-the Eco-Leaf program (JEMAI)• Norway-the NHO Type III program (NHO)• Sweden-the EPD system (Swedish Environmental

Management Council)• South Korea-the EDP program (KELA)

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

13

Other Relevant Programs (1)

“Type III -like" programs in the building sector

• Finland - RTS, Building Information Foundation• France - AFNOR, French Standardization Organization• the Netherlands - Milieu Relevante Product Informatie, MRPI• Switzerland - SIA, Swiss Association of Engineers and

Architects• UK - Environmental Profiles for Construction Materials, BRE• US - Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability,

BEES

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

14

Other Relevant Programs (2)

Emerging Type III programs

• Denmark - dk-Teknik Energy & Environment Type III projects• Germany - Büro für Ökologische Studien Type III project • Italy - the EPD program

Emerging “Type III-like" programs in the building sector

• Denmark - Danish Building and Urban Research• Germany - German Building Materials Association

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

15

Existing Programs -Country Scheme(1)• Sweden- EPD (Environmental Product Declaration)

-since 1997, 24 PSRs, 44 products awarded, -developed into an international system, including other six country’s registration, Denmark, Finland, Germany,Italy, Japan, and Poland

• Norway- NHO Type III program-industry initiated Type III eco-label scheme -13 products registered

• Canada- EPDS(Environmental Profile Data Sheet) program-since 1997, 34 products, developed to support pulp and paper, wishing to extend to other sectors-four-page standardized reporting form; corporate environmental management, forestry attributes,resources-related, process-related attribute

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

16

Existing Programs -Country Scheme(2)

• South Korea -EDP (Environmental Declaration of Products)-the Ministry of Environment has full responsibility for managing the program-based on “Environmental Technology Development and Support Law” which designates the Korean Type III program

• Japan -Eco-Leaf-since2002, after 2 trial projects, 8 PSRs, 27products-new approach “system certification” to certify the data gathering process of the company

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

17

Regional Activities-European Project and Asian Initiative

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

18

Regional Activities (1)European Commission Study for DG Environment

Scopes of the study:• Document and evaluate EPD systems

*both 10 national and 10 industry programs• Compare them with each other and the current

ISO/TR 14025• Examine how best EPD systems should be

integrated with other IPP tools• Examine possible future directions for EPD

systems in EuropeEPD is the same as Type III environmental declaration

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

19

Evaluation and Comparison Criteria(1)

• Compliance with ISO TR 14025• Programme owner:

-Private; Government• Interested parties participation:

-In program development; In pre-set category selection

• Life cycle Basis:-Conformity with ISO 14040 series; Life cycle considerations

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

20

Evaluation and Comparison Criteria(2)

• Quality assurance: -Third party verification; Critical review; Data quality control

• Pre-set categories:-Generally defined within the scheme;Defined per product group (=Product Specific Requirements)

• Other environmental Information:-Quantified data; Reference to Environmental Management System

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

21

Comparison of Schemes

Country-specific schemes-All state compliancewith TR14025

-Government involvementin private schemes

-All involve interested partiesin programme and pre-setcategories development

-Quality assurance (certification) levels different

Sector-specific schemes-Only 3 out of 13 in linewith TR14025-All privately owned-1 not involve interestedparty input

-only 1 with certification(construction)-Significant differences in data quality assurance

Criteria for 14025; quantified environmental data, pre-set categories, and provided w/i Type III

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

22

Integration With Other IPP Tools1. Environmental Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS):

-management and verification of product information 2. EcoDesign:

-choosing components and materials in the product design process

3. Type I,II and III labelling synergies:-Coordinate type I and III activities-Companies use same dataset-Common use of PSR

4. Public Procurement-Demonstrate compliance – e.g. tender procedures

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

23

Future Directions - Key Factors

• Credibility• Relevance• Comparabilty• Internationational compatibility• Market Acceptance• Harmonisation• Costs

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

24

Three Options for EU

1. The Commission does not get involved in the development of EPDs

2. The Commission establishes an EU wide EPD scheme

3. The Commission does get involved in the development of EPDs but, refrains from establishing an EU wide EPD scheme

*EPD is the same as Type III environmental declarations

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

25

Stimulate the Supply Side

Ensure harmonization of EPDs in Europe

Stimulate the Demand Side

Improved contents

and accessibility of LCA

databases

Establish minimum

European Product Specific

Requirements

Provide incentives for

EPDs by linking them to public procurement

Improved access SMEs

improved interaction with other IPP tools

Supplemen-tation of EPD schemes

instead of competition

Improved interaction with other IPP tools, increased public

interest

What

How

Why

Framework for Commission Involvement

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

26

Minimum Requirements to Harmonization

Programme-related:• Independent verification• Quality control of data• Interested party participation• Inclusion of additional non-LCA data• Procedures for PSR development

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

27

Minimum Requirements to Harmonization

Method- and data-related:• Use of LCA according to ISO 14040 series• Set of indicators (inventory and impacts)• Rules for calculating the set of indicators• Data requirements (e.g. specific/generic,

time frame)• Allow for cradle-to-gate assessments

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

28

Towards Increased Harmonisation in Europe

• Support for existing initiatives• Commission Recommendation• Framework Directive• Mandatory sectoral EPD schemes

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

29

How to Move Forward on EPD

• Establishment of minimum requirements for European EPD schemes

• Round Table project should have a fixed scope and defined timeframe

• Framework Directive with reference to standard• Stimulate supply by improved availability to LCA

inventory data, training, critical review process• Stimulate demand by enhancing public

procurement, promotion and training

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

30

Regional Activities (2)Asian Cooperation Initiative

JEMAI had a seminar1)-to demonstrate the significance of eco-labels, 2)-to provide general concepts and framework regarding Type III eco-labels in accordance with the principles of ISO TR 14025, 3)-to present information regarding the implementation of existing EPD programs,4)-to discuss possibilities for the development of Type III eco-labels in the Asian countries.

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

31

Feb.2002 Workshop With Asian Countries Tells Us

Challenge to Promote Type III • Lack of financial support• Lack of LCA skills, experts, and data• No incentive to set out Type III

-no green procurement policy, no market pressure

• Few demands for environmental information-Type I spread, the knowledge of environmental awareness, no consumer-interest

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

32

Activities Toward Harmonization-the Application of LCA

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

33

Shift From Particular Interestto Whole Life Cycle

• Concerns are increasingly based on life cycle analysis rather than specific stage(production, usage, and disposal).

• Rather than single attribute, multi-aspects of environmental information are expected over product environmental information.

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

34

Driving Forces to International Standard

• Demand for initiatives on product environmental information,-due to the problems caused by unharmonized Type III declaration programs

• Need for supportive tools and methodology for green procurement,-to ensure the effective use in market and to avoid confusion among consumers

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

35

Status of TR 14025• November 10, 2002 TR 14025 for letter ballot(if positive)

February 2003 If positive - WG 4 meeting in MexicoWD will be prepared – inputJune 2003 WG 4 meeting on BaliSC 3 raises the WD to a CD on Bali

(if negative)work item is deleted– It is like that CEN will start on standardisation on EPD

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

36

Collaboration for Standardization

• ISO/TC207/SC3/WG4• ISO/TC59

sustainable building-environmental declarations

• ISO/TC207/SC5• EU DG environment

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

37

PSR (Product Specific Requirements)

• PSR ensures comparable LCA data by setting out requirements for the underlying LCA for products of a common function.

• These requirements are only procedural, they do not describe specific performance criteria

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

38

LCA-based InformationPSR Information to Be Included

• Definition of functional unit(s)• Choice and description of system boundaries• Choice of cut-off rule• Choice of allocation rules• Description of quality requirements for data• Description of what generic database(s) to use• Choice of selected LCI results to be included in the

declaration• Description of parameters contributing to each pre-set

category• Description of specific information to be included in the

use stage of the declaration

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

39

Global PSR Database

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

40

Global PSR Database website

• Real web page attached

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

41

PSR Datasheet web page

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

42

Future Outlook

• Promotion activities and cooperation with non-practicing countries on various degrees of support

• Harmonization of common LCA-based calculation rules, e.g. system boundary settings, allocation rules, cut-off criteria, use of generic LCA data and a common set of characterization factors

• Development of a general PSR format to facilitate the preparation of PSRs and the administrative handling

The

Glo

bal T

ype

III

Env

iron

men

tal P

rod

uct

Dec

lara

tion

s N

etw

ork

43

Type III Information on Web Sites

• GEDnet web sitehttp://www.environdec.com/gednet/

• PSR and EPD searchable enginehttp://www.environdec.com/psr/search.asp