type a type b type ab type o you are either blood type a, b, ab or o. but did you know that your...
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Type AType AType BType B
Type ABType ABType OType O
You are either blood type A, B, AB or O. But did you know that your blood type is determined by microscopic antigens found on your red blood cells?
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Blood Type
Percent of Population with your Blood Type
Patients who can receive your platelets
Patients who can receive your Red Blood Cells
Patients who can receive your Plasma
O + 38%All Blood Types
O+, A+, B+, AB+ O+, O-
O - 7%All Blood Types
All Blood Types O+, O-
B + 9%All Blood Types
B+, AB+ B+, B-, O+, O-
B - 2%All Blood Types
B+, B-, AB+, AB- B+, B-, O+, O-
A + 34%All Blood Types
A+, AB+ A+, A-, O+, O-
A - 6%All Blood Types
A+, A-, AB+, AB- A+, A-, O+, O-
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Type O- universal donor
Type AB- universal recipients
Universal Donor Universal Recipient
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BLOOD GROUPS AND TRANSFUSIONS
1. Correctly complete the following table concerning the ABO blood groups.
Blood type Agglutininogens or antigens Agglutinins or antibodies in plasma Can donate blood to type Can receive blood from type
1. Type A A anti - B A, AB A, O
2. Type B B anti-A B, AB B, O
3. Type AB AB none AB A, B, AB, O
4. Type O none anti - A, anti - B A, B, AB, O O
2. What type is the universal donor? ____TYPE O____
3. The universal recipient?___TYPE AB____
4. When a person is given a transfusion of mismatched blood, a transfusion reaction occurs. Define the term
transfusion reaction: in the blanks below.
____a reaction during which plasma antibodies attach____
___to and lyse red blood cells different from your own___
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Antibody- proteins made by lymphocytes in plasma which are made in response to the presence of antigens. They attack foreign antigens, which result in clumping (agglutination)
Your immune system recognizes foreign particles that are not normally in your body as antigens. If an antigen is present, it stimulates your immune system to release antibodies to provide immunity against the specific antigen. There are genetically determined proteins found on the plasma membrane of your red blood cells. These special proteins are antigens - and what we refer to as red blood cell antigens.
Antigen- protein on the surface of a RBC membrane
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AgglutinationYour body tolerates your own red blood cell antigens, but if your blood were to be transfused into another person with different red blood cell antigens, that person would have some big problems. That other person's antibodies
would recognize the transfused red blood cells as foreign and bind to them. If this occurs, it leads to a process called agglutination, where the red blood
cells clump together and interfere with blood circulation due to the fact that
this clump of cells can clog up small blood vessels in the body.
Transfusion reaction: a reaction during which plasma antibodies attach to and lyse (rupture) red
blood cells other than your own.
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The ABO blood group system is a classification system for blood that depends on the presence or absence of an A or B antigen on the red blood cells. ABO blood groups are determined by the types of antigens you inherited from mom and dad, specifically, type A or type B.
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Figure 17.16
SerumAnti-A
RBCs
Anti-B
Type AB (containsagglutinogens A and B;agglutinates with bothsera)
Blood being tested
Type A (containsagglutinogen A;agglutinates with anti-A)
Type B (containsagglutinogen B;agglutinates with anti-B)
Type O (contains noagglutinogens; does notagglutinate with eitherserum)
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Type A
ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types
Produces Produces anti-B anti-B antibodiesantibodies
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
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Type B
ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types
Produces Produces anti-A anti-A antibodiesantibodies
a
a
a
a
a
a a
a
aa
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Type AB
ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types
Produces Produces neither neither anti-A nor anti-A nor anti-B anti-B antibodiesantibodies
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Type O
ABO Blood TypesABO Blood Types
Produces Produces both anti-A both anti-A and anti-B and anti-B antibodiesantibodies
a
a
a
a
a
aa
a
aa
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
b
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Rh Factor
• Rh factor: The Rh factor is a type of protein on the surface of red blood cells. Most people who have the Rh factor are Rh+ positive. Those who do not have the Rh factor are Rh-negative.
• Rh+ 85% dominant in pop
• Rh- 15% recessive
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Rh Factor and Pregnancy
RH- indicates no protein
RH+ indicates proteinRH+ indicates protein
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Rh Factor and
Pregnancy
Rh+ mother w/Rh- baby– no problemRh- mother w/Rh+ baby– problemRh- mother w/Rh- father– no problemRh- mother w/Rh- baby-- no problem
RhoGAM used @ 28 weeks