tyl week 2: theories and l1 development
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TYL Week 2: Theories and L1 Development. Objectives. I can Explain how the ideas of the following people relate to teaching young learners: Vygotsky , Bruner, Piaget, and Gardner Describe the similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TYL Week 2:Theories and L1 Development
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Objectives• I can – Explain how the ideas of the following people relate to
teaching young learners: • Vygotsky, Bruner, Piaget, and Gardner
– Describe the similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition.
– Describe some differences between adult and young learners.
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Agenda• Mix to Music (warm-up)
• Graffiti Brainstorming– Learning and development theories
• Differences between L1 and L2 acquisition
• Scavenger Hunt: Differences between adult and young learners
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MIX TO MUSIC(NAME TAGS)
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Mix to Music 1) Music starts=walk around
2) Music stops=find a partner
3) Shake hands.
4) Share: 1) My name is _____. 2) I drew a ________ because _________.
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Reflect:• What did you think about Mix to Music?
– Strengths?– How could you adapt Mix to Music to different EFL activities?– Possible problems?
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CHAPTER 1: LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT
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Activity 1: Graffiti Brainstorming
• Purpose: –Review Chapter 1 in a collaborative
way (co-constructing meaning)–Apply Chapter 1’s ideas to real
classroom issues
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Graffiti Brainstorming1. Get into your groups.
2. Decide who will be the first writer.
3. Talk for 1 minute: What will you write?1. Write for 2.5 minutes!
4. = Change poster (A to B, B to C, C to A)
– change writer
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Home Paper:Finish up!
• Go to your “home” paper
• Read what others wrote
• Add any missing information – write a ? next to ideas you’re not sure about
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Home Paper:Application Task
• Apply=take your knowledge and apply it to real life
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Home Paper:Application Task
• Talk to your partners:– How can teachers apply these ideas in the second
language classroom? How can these ideas inform our actions and decisions?
– Give examples
– Take short notes on the paper
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Home Paper:Share with ½ of the class!
• Choose 1 idea that is the most important for teachers to remember
• Choose a spokesperson
• This person will share the idea with ½ of the class!
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Home Paper:Share with ½ of the class!
• Go to Poster A on your side of the room.
• Poster A Spokesperson=explain your 1 important idea
• Go to Posters B and C; repeat
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Reflect:• What did you think about Graffiti
Brainstorming?
– Strengths?– How could you adapt this to anEFL context?– Possible problems?
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IDEAS TO REMEMBER WHEN YOU’RE TEACHING . . .
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Idea 1• Children can’t always use new information
that they’re told; they have to participate in constructing knowledge through action
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What do you think the percentages are?
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Confucius said . . . • “I hear and I forget.• I see and I remember.• I do and I understand.”
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Idea 2: • Piaget's theory [of Cognitive Development]
implies that many children under the age of 7 or so cannot easily understand logic or abstract reasoning.
• How should this affect the way we teach English to young learners? – What should we do? – What should we not do?
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Younger Children = Need Context—Not Abstraction
• Need:– Pictures, manipulatives, TPR, video—help them
understand ideas– This is good practice for ALL learners—not just
kids!– Abstract thinking that younger children can’t
understand well: abstract rules (grammar); language analysis; multi-step directions
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Idea 3• We generally go from more egocentric to less
egocentric.
• How does this relate to the teaching of young language learners? How might this affect their behavior?
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Idea 4• As teachers, we must be conscious that every
student has a different Zone of Proximal Development. In modern educational jargon, this means differentiation. Educators must design lesson plans that cater to the needs of individual students.
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Differentiating: Some simple ideas
• Give students a choice for the ways they show their learning– Example: After reading a story, students can
either make a poster about it, write and perform a short dialogue, make a test for their classmates, etc.
• Heterogeneous grouping– Place higher and lower students together
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Differentiating: More Ideas • Vary questioning– Higher students: More difficult questions– Lower students: Easier questions
• Reading– Lower students: Give them a paragraph to read– Higher students: White-out some of the
paragraph’s words; they must guess what goes in the blank
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Idea 5: Scaffolding• Single most important idea for ESL!
• Break a task or lesson down into smaller parts– How will you explain the parts?– What visuals will you use?– How will you make it simple and easy to
understand?– How will you help the struggling students to be
successful?
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Idea 6: Attention Span• Attention: Correlates with age– 5 years old = 5 minutes– 6 years old = 6 minutes– **This is not for things that are highly interesting
for kids
• You need many changes of state
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L1 AND L2 ACQUISITION
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Question: What can L2 teachers learn from the L1 process?
• P. 18-19 -- PINK– “Universal Processes in Language Learning”
• P. 19 -- BLUE– “The Role of Input and Interaction”
• P. 20-21 -- ORANGE– “The Achievements of the First 5 Yrs”—Paragraphs 1 and 2
• P. 21 -- PURPLE– “The Achievements of the First 5 Yrs”—Paragraphs 3 and 4
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Order of Acquisition
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Input and Interaction: Caregiver Speech / Comprehensible Input
Parentese video
How to Speak Parentese
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Babies: At first, they don’t speak
• L2: Stephen Krashen: “Silent Period”– Like infancy in L1: Listening and absorbing– L2: Building up confidence and resources
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5-year old native English speakers
• Still make grammar mistakes!
–He goed to the store.*–Where you going?*–He like* singing. –Two apples and banana please.*– I seen a little dog.*
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SCAVENGER HUNT: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADULT AND YOUNG LEARNERS
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Handout: Differences between Adult and Young Learners
• 1) Take a minute to read the handout. Try to guess which words might go in the blanks.
• 2) Work with your team. – Find the 12 hidden words. – Decide where to write each hidden word.– Sit down when you are finished!
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analytical
pare
pothesize
text lues
flect
interested
un aning
istic
rrors
itical
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Another Difference: Attention Span
• Attention: Correlates with age– 5 years old = 5 minutes– 6 years old = 6 minutes– **This is not for things that are highly interesting
for kids
• You need many changes of state
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Brain Breaks
• Jump-n-Spell
• Slap Count
• X and O
• Cha Cha Slide– 1st grade
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Homework• 1. Read article and 1st part of Ch. 6
• 2. Answer questions
• 3. Watch lecture
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Let’s Revisit the Objectives
• I can – Explain how the ideas of the following people relate to teaching young
learners: • Vygotsky, Bruner, Piaget, and Gardner
– 1=really well, 2=well, 3=so-so, 4=a little, 5=not at all
– Describe the similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition. – 1=really well, 2=well, 3=so-so, 4=a little, 5=not at all
– Describe the similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition. – 1=really well, 2=well, 3=so-so, 4=a little, 5=not at all
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3 W’s Reflection